g | Ray Optics 8 Dispersive power @= 5 8 or o Microscope: It is an optical instrument which enlarges the image of an object. These are of two types- (i) Simple microscope Gi) Compound microscope iifying Power of Microscope: 1. Simple microscope: (@) When final image is formed at distance D then- D = M *F (Gi) When final image is formed at infinity m-2 of 2. Compound Microscope: (@) When final image is formed at distance D, _0/1,2 we male (ii) When final image is formed at infinity- vo. D M= 20.2 ia Telescope: An optical instrument which form image nearer to it for a far object, so that object can be seen clearly is known as telescope. Magnifying power of telescope: When final image is formed at infinity, then- PRACTICE QUESTIONS le Choice Questions In spherical mirrors, we consider only paraxial rays for forming the images, because- (a) They are easy to work for geometrical purpose (b) They consist of mostly intense incident light (c) They form point image of the point object (d) They produce minimum dispersion An object is placed at 30 cm distance from a concave mirror of focal length 20 em, then nature, magnification. of the image will be, (a) Real, -2 (b) Apparent, ~2 4 10, ul. (d) Apparent, + 2 1, +2. (0 ] Co Real 2 index for infrared ray: (a) is equal to ultraviolet rays jg equal to red colour rays ° feee'than ultraviolet rays (a) greater than ultraviolet rays Fatal internal reflection occurs. when: (a) Light travels from optically denser me, rarer medium. tically 42 ) Light travels from optically rarer medium ng, denser medium (c) Refractive indices of both medium are equa Refractive indices of both medium are difery (oper object is placed at a distance of 2) ons, concave lens, then small image is formed. Then te statement will be: (@) Image will be inverted (b) Image may be real (c) Image is formed at 20 cm distance (d) The focal length of the lens may be less than) a convex lens of power +6D is in contact witha sm lens of power -4D, What will be the focus laws 3 nature of the combined lens? (a) Concave, 25 cm (b) Convex, 50 cm (©) Concave, 20 em (a) convex, 10. cm A ray passes through on equilateral prism (made 3 in such a way that its angle of incidence and 22% emergence are equal and this each angle is 3/+0t= of prism. Then angle of deviation will be: (a) 45° (b) 70° (©) 39° (a) 30° The image formed by objective lens of com microscope will be: (a) Virtual and enlarged (b) Virtual and small (©) Real and point sized (d) Real and enlarged A convex-covexo lens of refractive index 1478" dias ee then th arto like a simple plane wet means, the refractive index of liquid (a) Greater tha rract eras (b) Less than eee index of glass index of glass (©) Equal to the retract f glass (d) Less than -_ hee nae Qt munumum deviation of a prism will beat S angle of retract Se 7 prism is:- tion index. If refractive (@) Between JF (b) Less than) 4? (©) Greater than 2 () Between J> ‘2 and | A fay of light falling. no, angle a ot reflection will by mally on a plane mitt ,e (b) 180°yo (as 2 aren ofa concave mirrors 2em ad objet placed at distance 20 em from mirror. Its image will ed a: nF (ALF {yao (a) a. 14, Anobserver is watching the stars to betwinkle on earth, 1. The cause is 5 {@) Itis true that stars do not emit light continuously 3. {(b) Frequency absorption of light of stars by their own 4 atmosphere Ss. {o Frequency absorption of light of stars by atmosphere ofearth. » (@) Increase and decrease of the refractive index in the 6 atmosphere of earth. 1. 1M. yellow lights refracted at angle of minimum deviation trough a prism, then:~ 8 * @) Angle of incidence and angle of emergence are equal 5, () The sum of the angle of incidence and angle of je _ emergence is 90°, °. * (© Angle of incidence is less than angle of emergence. 10. (0 Angle of incidence is greater than angle of emergence, 1S Fora healthy eye, the least distance of distinct vision and maximum distance will be:~ a (@) 25 cm and 100 em ~ § ()25 cm and infinite a © © 100.cm and infinite (@) Zero and zero to infinite « i length of a simple astronomical telescope is equal 1 © @ Difference between focal lengths of two lens (©) Half of the sum of focal lengths \ © Sum ofthe focal lengths Multiplication of the focal lengths ‘image of size greater than object may be formed rampound microscope the final image is formed é ‘ @) Real and erect ¢ ©) Virwal and inverted © Viral and erect 2 iy, (Real and inverted 3. ing type telescope, the objective used is ex lens . 5. Bower of the objective lens and eyepiece of an mncal telescope are SD and 20D. The magnifying Ber of telescope will be 4 ‘b)2 ©) log (@) 025 Q Very Short Type Ques Ray Optics | 253 ‘The power of convex lens is: (a) Negative (b) Positive (©) Zero (4) Imaginary What isthe focal length of a plane mirror? ‘Which lens has magnification less than 1? ‘What is the cause of refraction of light ? ‘What is the cause of mirage in desert area in summer? For equal angle of incidence, the angle of refraction for ‘three medium A, B and C are 15°, 25° and 35°. In which ‘medium the velocity of light will be minimum? Name the principle on which optical fibre works. At the position of minimum deviation what is relation between angle of incidence and angle of emergence? A convex lens is in the contact with a concave lens coaxially, Focal lengths of both lenses are equal what is the focal length of the combination? ‘Sun looks reddish atthe time of sunrise and sunset Why? ‘What is the cause of the time of sunrise and rainbow? ‘What is myopia? Which type of lens is used for its correction? ‘Name the factor on which the scattering of light depends? What ype of ens i used in simple microscope? ‘can you distinguish between compound mi and telescope by observation only? TOPS Short Type Questions ‘An object AB is placed infront of a concave murror as shown in figure Complete the ray diagram forthe formation of mage (i) Ifthe lower half ofthe reflecting surface af the manne {is painted black, then how will position and tensare of the image be effected? A Write uses of spherical mirrors What is relation between focal length and radius of ‘curvature for a mirror? Derive the relation. i) Sun looks radish at sunset and sunrise why expla (0 For whch clothe taste ans oe rn re maximum and MuTUAA () Whats rclation between cic ange and refractive index for a substas : (ii) Does critical angle depend on colour of ight?) On what factors the focal length of the lens depend How can you increase magnufying power of compound ‘microscope? _ _ EN!us construction and working. ween a tne ma Answer 9, The pe I (ec) a) 4b) h(a) (dl) +S.0D 6. (b) AW) Sa) 9(c) 10, @) index RC) Ira) Ld) Id (a) TS. (b) oe eneth Io (e) 17(b) TS. (b) 1d) 20) 21,(b) UU) Numerical Problems 10. The re index274 | Nature of Light 12. A Multiple Choice Objective Que 6. 1 polarised light (i) reflection (i) refraction (iii) double refraction (iv) dichroism (v) scattering Brewster's Law: On a reflecting surface at a special angle of incidence the reflected ray is polarised. In this position, tan, = n and 0, = tan'n When unpolarised light transmits through both polariser and analyser then intensity of emergent light is proportional to the square of cosine of angle between the axes of polariser & analyser. PRACTICE EXERCISE To demonstrate the phenomenon of interference, We require two sources which emits radiations (a) ofthe same frequency and having definite phase relationship. (b) of nearly the same frequency (©) of the same frequency (@) of different wavelengths In the Young's Double Slit experiment, used a monochromatic source. The shape of the interference fringes formed on a screen is (a) straight line (b) parabola (©) hyperbola (@) circle In young’s experiment, interference pattern at a point, observe the 3 bright fringe for wavelength 700 nm. ‘What is wavelength of source to obtain the 5! bright fringe? (a) 210 nm (b) 315m. (c) 420nm (d) 490 nm. In young’s double slit experiment, ifthe widths of the slits are in the ratio 4:9, the ratio of the intensity at ‘maxima to the intensity at minima will be (a) 196:25 (b) 81:16 (©) 25:1 9:4 In the young’s experiment two lights of different wavelengths are used. It is observed that the third bright fringe of yellow orange light (A = 600 nm) concides with the 4" bright fringe of the other light. ‘The wavelength of other light will be (a) 500 nm (b) 450.nm (c) 225 nm (@) 350 nm In young's slit experiment, the maximum intensity of {2h nu the Intensity on path difference V2 will e (8) Smnox (b) Ipy/2 i ©) “ @) 210 Which of the following sentence, understand with very pricely that in many conditions, the diffraction 10. I, possible than the diffraction, of sound, medium 1s req Jongitudinal and light w of sound is more (a) for propagation (b) sound waves are transverse (c) wavelength of light is very less than the (@) The order of of velocity of sou by 6 in comparison to the velocity of the ‘According to the figure, electrons are passed ‘a narrow slit of the width of the order de wavelength and they are indicated on the so distance D from the slit. The intensity patten on the screen will be of & —< — © x @ xe Light of wavelength 5000A falls normally of slit, The fifth minima of the diffraction | situated at 5 mm from the centre of central ‘The distance between the screen and slit s ‘width of the slit is (a) 0.1mm (b) 0.3 mm (©) 0.5 mm (@) 08 mm A beam of microwaves of 0.052 m wav coming towards a rectangular hole of wid The resultant diffraction pattern is obtain wall which 8.0 m away from the hall. distance between first and second frunges (a) 13m (b) 18m (©) 12m @ 25m “The aperture of reflecting telescope is bis (a) remove the spherical aberration| (6) for resolving highly (©) increase the vicinity of observation @) less deflection ‘Two whit dts are marked Imm apart on a black paper They are viewed by eye of pupil diameter 3mm. Approximately, what isthe maximum distance at which these dts can be just resolved by the eye? [Take wavelength of tigh (2) 6m (b) 3m (©) 5m (a) Im Electromagnetic waves ate transv evident is, (8) polarization (b) interference (©) reflection (@) diffraction ‘The angle at which reflected light is totally polarized for reflection from air to glass (refractive index n) is (1 (a (@ tw () @ sin (4) ©) sin" (n) A beam of natural lig 2 Fieger 00 nm) ferse in nature, Its 8x2 Freee (@) tan"(n) ight falls on a system of four Polaroids which are arranged in succession such that each Polaroid is turned through 30° with respect {o the preceeding one, The percentage of intensity of transmitted light that passes through cach polariser will be (@) 10% (©) 50% To nicols are oriented with their principal planes making an angles of 60°, The percentage of incident Polarized light which passes through the system is S @) 50% (b) 100% + © 125% (4) 375% Answers 3.(¢) 8.(b) 13. (@) ey eT ae (b) 20% (4) 21% laa) 6d) i 1) 16. (6) 2.10) 7.() 12.) 4.(0) 940) 14.(d) 5. (b) 10.) 15, (0) "FY Short Answer Questions Whose di tion is expressed by the perpendicular of wave front? Which Physical quantities affect the young's fringe rent of Huygens wave theory for ion of light. Which type of wave front will be formed by (i) a Point source (ii) distant light source. hat is the important condition for the inter ence u. Nature of Light | 275 Of light of two waves? In diffraction slit experiment how does the angular portion changes between the finger when the distance between slit and screen is doubled ‘What type of the size of aperture or obstacle for diffraction of light is required? Describe the physical events which shows that the light is in the form of ware. Why does the light appears propagating in a straight line while it has a wave nature? Which light waves are superposed in the diffraction at single slit? Experiment? Write the mathematical form of Malus's Law Short Answer Questions sere UW Essay Type Questions 1 State the princi ple of Huygens’s wave theory Give the definition of interference of waves What are the coherent sources, Wuiat do you mean by diffraction of light. Compare the diffraction of light and sound waves, Tuite the definition of resolving power of microscope How does it affected when (©) decreases the wavelength of the light used (@ decreases the diameter of objective lens, Give explanation for your answer ns tines are founed on a sercen by the dserenee OF light through two thin slits. Ie ine distance between the Slits is four times and the distance between sls and screen is half Henn times will be the fringe width? ae Explain the structu ‘What do you mi Explain the dif diffraction Write the main differ ‘raunhotter’s ditt Fe Of the Polaroid n by double retract ne tion, between interference and nee between Fre: action, Ertan te ert Wah basa cathe agen Brinerple of seoondary Wavelets qu ye eases Swell’ haw deseribe the scribe the diftaction oF tight by : Briel deseribo the imerferenge ngcessary gomulions for cons and destructive anerterence What is sant by tent “cease cou ths itasti f sound wayyy Ha he ast of Ih wang Ese Se Presa tact a au es Esplain the traunhottersditraction tiga ys slit. ee Siglo Whats polarization Expl the polanzation y, help of electric vector Prove that Ay the ph the of transverse waves oF Light. Stare CUIVE mentee he 8 of light’ Why © the ery[erour oy} UO suoJoyd yuoprour Jo Joquint (Pp) qysry oprout Jo Kouanboy (2) Aroua yerwuayod (4) ABxgua otjoury (2) o1 jeuorodord suoso9jo ponte Jo roquinu ayy “jaye oujoejaojoyd Jo Juourrsedxe oy} Ut >F, (b) F.>>F, OF,=F, (@) F. is slightly greater than F, If the binding energy per nucleon of a deutron an particle are X, and X,, respectively then in the 9" reaction 2|H + 2,H > *\He + Q. the released ot Qwill be. @4(X,+X) )4(X%,-X) (2(%+X) (@2(X,-X) ‘The binding energy per nucleon will be maxit™™ the nucleus: (aU () He or @ SFe : Ina nuclear reactor of efficiency 40% ther’ 5 iy disintogrations/second was recorded. If 250 My ‘energy is obtained per fiission in the reacto® ly ‘ut put power of the reactor will be: @2kw ()4kW (©) L6OkW (d) 3.2 kW] I Nuclear Physics | 329 i jigactivity the > electron is produced due to: particle? , we tee orbits of the atom 12, Isthere any toss in mass number after yecay? ou {B)the foc electrons present in the nucleus 13. From which nueleus, iron or lead can one nucleor eeay of neutron inthe nucleus «easily removed? (Bom tons produced frm emule, 14, Inn fason a miles dezay in wo mice of nme ie: different masses. Which one has more kinetic energy (@)half of the active nuclei decay Clehicror maviay? {o)more than half ofthe active nuclei decay. 15. Ifthe nucleons of a nucleus are separated from each (@) ess than half of the nuclei decay, other then total mass increases. From where this mass (@all nuclei decay panties Ifthe mass number is inereased which of the quantity : related with the nucleus will remain unchanged? Short Type Questions (@) Mass (©) Volume (Binding every (@) Density ‘Identify the electro~-megnetic wave in the following set: © @o- rays (0) B- rays, 2 (y-rays (@) cathode rays Anuclous of Ne decays in two - a - particles and a unknown nucleus after absorbing energy. The unknown 3, mucus wll be < “ (@) Oxygen, (b) Boron, s (©) Silicon (d) Carbon. 6. Answer Key 1 S19 2@ 30) 4a 5. 26) 7.0) 8.0) 9.48) 10.00) “ a 1) 12.0) 13,@ 14.) 15.) Very Short Type Questions * ee Lei! What is number of protons and neutrons in nucleus 10. er ar : 6. Write is equivalent eneray (MeV) of Iu mass? 2 3.” Inwhich a nucleus changes its istotope or isobar after fr Beecay? © Which specturm diserete out of and B rays? & "On which typeof fission does nuclear feactor based? {-Writethename ofthe substance used in nuclear reactor 8 moderator. 7" _Winite down the relation betweon halflife T and decay §) constant $ Whotis the St unit of activity? 8 After four half lives, how much quantity will remain ofa radio active substance? 10. Which of the nuclear reaction is responsible for ty, eduction of energy insu er 218 and A radioactive substance of mass numb ‘atomic number 84, emits particles. What will be ‘mass number and atomic number after decay of f In a hydrogen molecule, there are two protons and ‘wo electrons. In the analysis of behaviour of hydrogen molecule, the nuclear force between protons in neglected, why? ‘What will be your reaction when a student says with confidence that heavy form of hydrogen is due to a. decay, Define Atomic mass unit (u), ‘What do you understand by mass defect? ‘What is radioactivity? State Rutherford and Soddy law of radioactive decay Define half life and m ean life of a radioact substance, What is relation between them? a What is ondeeay? What type of sheet Particles is obtained. : riniier Bray spectrum continous spectra, what docs t Which ofthe conservation wise -bypthoseis of decay? “plained, in neutrino Write two properties * of micear forces ‘What do you understand. 1 b Per nucleon? How is it eae — “4on. About > of P-N depletion bounded wr of free zason of diode or 1 source, s of the serminal. while in ing state fication, current. ae other vhich on sulation. optical 0 diode, inwhich pes; which is e called is most ature of emitter collector \in such (C) and vircuits. ors are stor are PRACTICE EXERCISE Q Multiple Choice Questions 1. At absolute zero temperature pure germanium and pure silicon are (a) Super conductors (b) good semiconductors (c) Ideal insulators (d) conductors In an insulator the forbidden energy gap between valence band and the conduction band is of the order of (a) leV (b) 6eV (c) 0.1 eV (d) 0.01 eV In pure silicon at room temperature number of charge carriers per unit volume is 1.6 x 10'%/m*. If the mobility of electrons is 0.150 m°V's"' and mobility of holes is 0.05 m?V-'s", then the conductivity of silicon (in Q*m*) is (a) 1.28 x 104 (b) 3.84 x 104 (c) 5.12 x 104 (d) 2.14 x 104 A NPN transistor is being used as an amplifier then- (a) the electrons go from base to collector (b) the holes go from emitter to base. (c) the holes go from base to emitter. (d) the holes go from emitter to base. The boolean equation for the circuit shown in adjoining figure is tra) B (a) Y=A+B (b) Y=A+B (c) Y=A+B (d) Y=AB For a three input AND gate the inputs are A, Band C respectively, its output Y will be- (a) Y=AB+C (b) Y=A+B+C (c) Y=A+BC (d) Y=A BC364 | Electronics ‘The current amplification factor for a common base circuit of a transistor is 0.95. When emitter current is, (a) 0.1 mA (©) 0.19 mA. ‘The forbidden energy gap in germanium is nearly 0.7eV_ That wavelength whose absorption is started by ‘germanium is nearly, (b) 17700A° (@) 35000A° (©) 25000A° (a) 51600A° 9, The logic gate obtained from two NAND gates shown in figure is . > Be (a) AND gate (b) OR gate (©) XOR gate (@) NOR gate 10, Two identical PN junctions can be connected with a battery in series as shown in figure. For which junctions is tial ual? eta SP tg POD HK AN AI a Q) D, Fine poh ty D, fete I= @) (@) Incircuit | and 2 (b) In circuit 2 and 3 (©) Incircuit 3 and 1 (4) Only in circuit 1 Very Short Type Questi What is the direction of diffusion current in a junction diode? 2. Write the relation between current amplification factors «&.and P for a transistor. 3. _Itis possible to measure the barrier potential present in an unbiased PN junction by connecting a voltmeter across its terminals? 4. Give the truth table of OR gate, 5. Write the name of that logic gate for which the will be 1 only when all the inputs are 1 ome 6. Which ofthe two junctions of a transistor is reverse biased. when the transistor is used as an amplifier. 7. What will be the value of « forthe transistor, forwhich B =19? : ‘8. Inwhich biasing the diode shown 1" Sigurt +10V O Short Type Questions a What is rectification? Draw the circuit diagram for bridge wave rectifier. : Why's the base of a transistor Is made thin as compared tothe collector or emitter? Draw the complete [-V characteristics for an ideal PN tion. Define its forward dynamic resistance. ‘What do you mean by logic gate? Draw the symbol of XOR gate and give its truth table. Draw the circuit diagram of NOT gate based on transis id give its truth table. “ ‘Write the Boolean expression forthe logie circuit shown in figure, Also give its truth table. A Y B Draw the circuit diagram required for voltage regulation using a zener diode. Discuss its working in brief. Long Type Questions 1. 5. 1 Distinguish between conductors, semiconductors and insulators on the basis of energy band theory. Explain the process of current conduction in intrinsic semiconductors. ‘What is PN junction? Explain the process which takes place at the junction surface at the time of junction formation. What will be the effect of forward bias on the depletion layer, explain? Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier for converting alternating current into direct current and explain its working, Explain the essential experimental set up for obtaining the forward and reverse bias characteristics of a P-N Junction diode by drawing necessary circuit diagrams Draw graph also of obtained curves. : What is a junction transistor? Explain the operation of P-N-P transistor by drawing the nece ae Describe the method of obtaining shannon een : 1g characteristic curves by drawing circuit di , o. Mt diagram of used for it. Draw also the peepee io} Wie the formulae for voltage aan fl ps a lo you mean by amplificgue yen corrent for voltage gain, explaining the ren Detve the forms ydravsng labelled diagranr process OF ampitiat emitter amplifier. OfPNP transistor c Write the names ofa few diodes used for special purpo® i along with their cir Sestntgsndse nbn MPI Deseretra PN | of stor ywn Draw circuit diagrams of two input diode AND gate and explain its untiie wee oe bate and corresponding truth table, give Answers 1@ 2.(b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8, (b) 9. (a) J Numerical Problems 1 Calculate electric current produced in a plate made of pure germanium whose area is 2 x 10 ‘m’ and Ne ®12* 103m, when a potential difference 7 eolied across its faces at room temperature spe ature ' smperd {amier density in german sa XK 10/3 7 ilities of elec wg 10 /m and the mobilities rospestivelY mV's} and 0,2 m’V'S [Ans 1.28 10Al . AMIS. » figure : ee shown ttt the fly Bog, indee ys a atrouit as SHON 1 reverse 6. is 0.1 Vand an elec th unction region depletion layer for A transistor is conne A power supply of § and the potential nected in series current amplificatic 0.96, then find the t In acommon emitter by 1.0 mA on incn Calculate current gi tter current? Cale [Ans Determine the curre adjoining figure and} diode, if load af rene!Size of antenna Effective power radiation by antenna ) Mixture of various signals umplitude modulated signal; frequencies @, —@,, and +@,, are included along with carrier frequency @, A iplitude modulation index is 7 = no Technology : Technology of study of small ectes lesser than 100 nm is called nano technology. ter instruments of high efficiency and substances can made by nano technology. PRACTICE QUESTIONS ective Type Questions The average energy density of electromagnetic waves is related with (a) Only with electric field (b) Only with magnetic field (c) Equally with electric and magnetic fields. (d) Average electric field density is zero. The waves related with telecommunication are: (a) Infra red rays (b) Visible light (c) microwaves (d) Ultraviolet rays Electromagnetic waves do not transport (a) Energy (b) Charge (c) Momentum (d) information If E and B. are electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic wave will propagate in the direction of (@) E () B ©) ExB @ EB The wavelength of radiation will be minimum: (a) X - rays (b) y - rays (c) B — rays (d) a — rays Which statement is wrong about the electromagnetic wave? (a) Electric and magnetic field simultaneously at same time and same place may attain maximum,% Borne eee cere ey ‘oF minimum value (0) In cloctromagnetic waves the energy fs equally Aivided in electnic and magnetic components (©) Blectne and magnetic field vectors are parallel {wo cach other and perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave 44) These waves do not nood any physical medium to propagate For which ground waves are possible? (a) At short range for short radio waves frequency. (b) At short range for high radio waves frequency (©) At long range for short radio waves frequency. (@) At shor range for below radio waves frequency. ‘The height of a TV tower is hm. If the radius of ‘earths R then the area covered in TV communication will be (fh < RY ta) eR: () aR ‘The maximum and minimum amplitude of amplitude ‘modulated wave are 10 V and 2V respectively, The ‘Modulation index m will be ws &) What 18 the velocity of electromagnetic waves in vacuum’? ‘What will be effsct on the sonosphere height of 10m surface? ‘An clectromagnetic wave is propogating in X- direction ‘and if Component is parallel 1 ¥- aus, the vibration the value of refractive index of for the eloctomagnctc Waves if the Hosphcre 4» sncreased from earth's S— What are the frequency range for Sky waves for oy, distance communication” 6 What mame is given fo the communication, why, transforms the srgnal fo communicate By the chang and it may be received by the receiver 7 What is the process of imposition of message tn ‘over the carrier signal called? 8 What size objects are studied i nanotechnology? Q Short Type Questions 1, Write the name of components of electromasnene spectrum in order of their mcreasing wave lengths ‘White four properties of electromagnetic waves Explain ground waves and sky waves. ‘What is communication system? Write down the parts of communication system Explain modulation of waves. 1 Write down the names of instruments used 2 nanotechnology. Long Type Questions 1, What is nature of clectromagnene waves” Explain 2. 2 3. 4 5. and also write down their properties Explain the process of modulation and demodulator How are these processes helpful in communicaticn? Explain amplitude modulation, frequency modulatn 3. Lo 4@ sm} 6 (© } f t io. bed SE I | Q Numerical Problems thus pou Vhs Velocuy Of bht us 3 = 10" avs (Ang. 2s 10* Worn? a ‘The height of @ TV tower is 75 me Caleulate he MANunIM distance and area t (Ans 31 kam, 3014 kar) 4