EVOLUTION OF QUALITY

DR. WALTER E. SHEWHART

❏ Father figure of
SQC
❏ Developed
control charts
for quality
assessment and
improvement
❏ Grandfather of
Total Quality
Management.
❏ American
Physicist, and
engineer and
Statistician.
 CONTRIBUTION TO THE QUALITY

SIX SIGMA STATISTICAL

PROCESS CONTROL

REDUCING VARIATION -
PDCA CYCLE
TO IMPROVE QUALITY
 Six Sigma
● Shewhart’s ideas and statistical concepts were
embraced in clinical laboratories for several
years for proficiency testing and quality control
operations.
● He described the problem of reducing errors in
a process in terms of process variation, which is
also the deviation from the called “SIGMA”.
● Many industries have re-discovered Shewhart’s
methods and tools of statistical process control
with in named as “SIX SIGMA”.
Statistical Process
Control
● SPC is defined as the use of Statistical
techniques to control a process or
production method.
● SPC tools and procedures can help to
monitor the process behavior, discover
issues in internal systems, and find solutions
for production issues.
● A popular SPC tool is the control chart,
originally developed by Walter in the early
1920s
● Also known as Shewhart charts or
process-behavior charts.
● This is the graphical device for
CONTROL ●
Statistical Process Monitoring (SPM)
The control chart is one of the seven
CHART basic tools of quality control. Typically
control charts are used for time-series
data, though they can be used for data
that have logical comparability.
 Reducing Variation - To Improve quality
Variation Management
● The emphasis on reducing variation
to enhance quality is a great
contribution to quality
management.
● Reducing variation to improve
quality resulted in manufacture of
precise things.
● Two Classes of Variation.
SHEWART CYCLE OR PDCA CYCLE
● Plan - Recognize an opportunity and
plan a change.
● Do - Test the change. Carry out a
small-scale study.
● Check - Review the test, analyze the
results, and identify what you’ve
learned.
● Act - Take action based on what you
learned in the study step. If the
change did not work, go through the
cycle again with a different plan. If
you were successful, incorporate
what you have learned from the test
into wider changes.
DEMING W. EDWARDS PDSACYCLE
PDSA Cycle

❏ Associate of
Shewhart
❏ Lead the
quality
movement
in Japan

❏ Credited with having the greatest

influence on quality management
❏ “Variation and Problem Solving”
 DEMING 14 POINTS FOR MANAGEMENT
1 Create Constancy of Purpose 8 Drive Out Fear

2 Adopt New Philosophy 9 Break Down Barriers

3 Stop Depending on Operations

10 Eliminate Unclear Slogans

4 Focus on Total Cost, Not Price Tag 11 Eliminate Management by Objective

5 Improve Constantly and Forever 12 Remove Barriers to Work Pride

6 Institute on the Job Training 13 Implement Education and Self-Improvement

7 Institute Leadership 14 Make Transformation Everyone’s Job

DEADLY DISEASES OF MANAGEMENT

LACK OF CONSTANCY OF PURPOSE

EMPHASIS ON SHORT TERM PROFITS

ANNUAL RATING OF PERFORMANCE

MOBILITY OF MANAGEMENT

USE OF VISIBLE FIGURES ONLY

HIGH MEDICAL COST

HIGH COST OF LIABILITY

 JOSEPH M. JURAN JURAN’S QUALITY TRILOGY
❏ Founder of a
range of quality
techniques
❏ He was invited to
Japan in 1954 by
the Japanese
Organization of
Science and
Engineers (JUSE)

❏ Juran believed that to achieve quality,

you must start with organizational
goals, policies, and vision.
Juran’s Quality Planning Roadmap
QUALITY PLANNING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT QUALITY CONTROL
Identify who are the
Develop a process Prove that the process
customers
which is able to can produce the
Determine the needs of produce the product. product under
those customers. operating conditions.
Translate those needs Optimize the process
into our language. Transfer the process to
operations.
Develop a product that
can respond to those
needs.
Optimize the product
features so as to meet
our needs and
customers needs.
Juran as an author
Wrote 100’s of papers and 12 books

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Juran’s approach on quality improvement
1. Build awareness of need and opportunity for
improvement
2. Set goals for improvement
3. Organize to reach the goals
4. Provide training
5. Carry out projects to solve problems
6. Report progress
7. Give recognition
8. Communicate results
9. Keep score
10. Maintain momentum by making annual
improvement part of the regular processes
Juran’s Fitness on quality
References
Best, M., & Neuhauser, D. (2006). Walter A Shewhart, 1924, and the Hawthorne factory. Quality and Safety in Health Care,
15(2), 142–143. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2006.018093
Isixsigma. (2017). Deming Cycle, PDCA – iSixSigma. Isixsigma.com. https://www.isixsigma.com/dictionary/deming-cycle-pdca/

juran. (2020, March 4). The History of Quality | Dr Juran and Quality Improvement. Juran.
https://www.juran.com/blog/the-history-of-quality/#:~:text=Juran-
Juran’s Quality Trilogy. (2019). Whatissixsigma.net. https://www.whatissixsigma.net/jurans-quality-trilogy/
Juran’s steps for Quality Improvement. (n.d.). Aerospace Quality Management System | ISO Certification | NVT Quality.
https://www.nvtquality.com/white-papers/jurans-steps-for-quality-improvement/#:~:text=Juran%20defines%20quality%2
0as%20fitness
SRI SAIRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI. (2013, July 13). TQM - DEMING CONTRIBUTION.
https://www.slideshare.net/sujathabaranisujatha/ece-2-deming
The British Library. (2014). W Edwards Deming: Total Quality Management thinker. The British Library.
https://www.bl.uk/people/w-edwards-deming