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Mathematics 1a Vsaq's Hidayah Junior College PDF
Mathematics 1a Vsaq's Hidayah Junior College PDF
3x - 2, x 1 f(2012) = 1
2 4
2 cos x + sin x
x -2, - 2 x 2
5. If f(x) = then find f(4), f(2.5), A: Given that f(x) = 2 4
2x + 1, x<-3 sin x + cos x
f(- 2), f(- 4), f(0), f(-7). 2 4
1- sin x + sin x
A: i) f(4) = 3(4) - 2 = 10 f(x) = 2 4
1- cos x + cos x
ii) f(2.5) is not defined 2 2
iii) f(- 2) = (- 2)2 - 2 = 4 - 2 = 2 1- sin x (1 sin x)
= 2 2
iv) f(- 4) = 2 (- 4) + 1 = - 8 + 1 = - 7 1- cos x (1 - cos x)
v) f(0) = 02 - 2 = - 2 2 2
1- sin x cos x
vi) f(- 7) = 2 (- 7) + 1 = - 14 + 1 = - 13. = 2 2 = 1
1- cos x sin x
x + 2, x > 1 1- x 2
9. If f : R R is defined by f(x) = , then find
f x = 2,-1 ≤ x ≤ 1 1+ x 2
(
)
=4-3
= 1.
y 1 y2
= .
1 y2 1 y2 y 2
y
= (f o g) (y) = y..
1
x 1 x 1 y -1 y -1 x -1
x=
y
-1
f (y)
y
-1
f (x) =
x
.
x 1 x 1
2x
22.Determine whether the following functions are
2 even or odd.
(f o f o f) (x) = f [ f o f (x)] = f(x). (i) f (x) = ax - a-x + sinx
ex - 1
20.Find the inverse of the following functions (ii) f (x) = x x .
(i) If a, b R, f : R R defined by f (x) = ax + b (a 0) e + 1
(ii) f : R ( 0 , ) defined by f (x) = 5x A: (i) f(x) = ax - a -x + sinx
(iii) f : (0, ) R defined by f (x ) = log2x Now f (-x) = a-x - a-(-x) + sin(-x)
(iv) f : Q Q defined by f(x) = 5x + 4. = a-x - ax - sinx
A: (i) If a, b R, f : R R defined by f(x) = ax + b = -{ax - a-x + sinx]
( a 0) = - f (x)
Let x domain R and Y codomain R such that So f (x) is an odd function.
f (x) = y
ex - 1
ax + b = y (ii) f (x) = x x
e +1
ax = y - b
y -b
x = a = f -1 (y) f is bijection e-x - 1
x - b f (-x) = (-x) -x
f -1 (x) = a e +1
(ii) f : R (0, ) defined by f(x) = 5x 1
- 1
Let x R and y (0, ) such that f(x) = y
e x 1- ex
5x = y = (-x) 1 + 1 = (-x) x
e x
1+ e
x = log5 y = f -1 (y) Q f is bijection
f (x) = log5x
-1
ex - 1
(iii) f : (0, ) R defined by f (x) = log2x = x x
let x (0, ) and y R such that f (x) = y e 1
log2 x = y So f (x) is an even function.
2 + x + 2 -x
23. Find the domain of the real valued function 28.Find the domain of .
x
2x 2 - 5x + 7 2 + x + 2 -x
f(x) = A: Let f(x) =
x - 1 x - 2 x - 3 . x
The function f(x) is defined for
A: To get the domain of f, (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3) 0. 2 + x > 0 x > - 2 (1) and
x 1, 2, 3 2 - x > 0 x < 2 (2) and
Domain of f = R - {1, 2, 3} x 0 (3)
from (1) and (2) and (3)
24.Find the domain of the function
1
x [-2,2] - {0} (or) x [-2,0) (0,2] .
f (x) = .
(x2 - 1)(x + 3)
28(a). Find the domain of the following real valued
1 functions :
A: f (x) = R
(x 2 - 1)(x + 3) (i) f(x) (x 2)(x 3) Ans : R - (-2, 3)
(x - 1) ( x + 3) 0
2
32. Find the domain of the function 35. Find the domain and range of
1 2+x x
f (x) = log(2 - x ) . (i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) =
2- x 1+ x 2
x
1 (iii) f(x) = 9- x2 (iv) f(x) = .
f (x) = log(2 - x) 2- 3x
2+x
2 - x > 0 and 2 - x 1 A: (i) f x = ∈R
(
)
2-x
x - 2 < 0 and x 1. 2-x 0
x < 2 and x 1.
x 2
x (- , 2) and x 1 Domain of f = R - {2}.
Domain of f = (- , 1) (1, 2). Let f (x) = y
x 2 1 - 4y2 0 and y 0
Domain of f = R - {2} ( 1 + 2y) (1-2y) 0 and y 0
Then y = x + 2 Qx 2 y 4 ( y + ½) (y - ½) 0 and y 0
Range of f = R - {4}.
y [-½, ½] and y 0
(ii) f(x) = 9 + x 2 Also x = 0 y = 0
Let y = f(x) = Q Range of f = [-½, ½]
9 + x2 R
Domain of f = R
(iii) f x = 9- x2 ∈ R
(
)
When x = 0, f (0) = 9 = 3
When x R - {0}, f(x) > 3 9 - x2 0
Range of f = [3, ). x2 - 9 0
(x + 3) (x - 3) 0
Domain of f = [-3, 3]
Let f (x) = y
9 - x2 = y
9 - x2 = y2
x= 9 - y2
9 - y2 0
y2 - 9 0 iii) Also (2 + f) (1) = 2 + f(1) = 2 + 2 = 4
(y-3) (y+3) < 0
(2 + f) (2) = 2 + f(2) = 2 - 3 = - 1
y [-3, 3]
Since y takes only non negative values (2 + f) (3) = 2 + f(3) = 2 - 1 = 1
Range of f = [0, 3]. 2 + f = {(1, 4)(2, -1) (3, 1)}
x iv) take f (1) f(1) 2
(iv) f(x) = ∈R
2- 3x
f (2) f(2) 3 (not valid)
2 - 3x 0
x 2/3 f (3) f(3) 1 (not valid)
Domain of f is R - {2/3}
Let f (x) = y
f 1, 2
x
2 - 3x = y
x = 2y - 3xy
x( 1+3y) = 2y
2y
x = 1 3y
1 + 3y 0
y -1/3
Range of f = R - {1/3}.
A: f(x) = 2x - 1, g(x) = x2
(i) (fg)(x) = f(x) g(x)
3 1 8 2 1 2 3 a b c
2X = 2 4 5 b c a
7 3 2 4 Eg: A = ,B=
3 5 6 c a b
2 6
2X =
4 2 (ii) Skew - symmetric matrix :- The square
matrix A is said to be ‘skew symmetric’ if AT = -A
1 3
X = 2 1 0 1 2 0 a b
1 0 3 a 0 c
Eg: A = ,B=
1 2 3 3 2 1 2 3 0 b c 0
4. If A = ,B= find 3B - 2A.
3 2 1 1 2 3
2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 0 0
18. If A = and A2 = ,
1 1 0 0 1 10 2 9 -1 k 0 0
find the value of k.
2 2
(AB) 0 0
2 9 A: A.A =
0 0
2 4 2 4 0 0
-1 k -1 k = 0 0
-1 2 3
2 5 6 4-4 8 + 4k 0 0
15. If A = is symmetric, find the value
-2 - k -4 + k 2 = 0 0
3 x 7
of x.
Equating 1st row 2nd column elements, we get
A: Given that A is symmetric.
A = AT 4k + 8 = 0
4k = -8
-1 2 3 -1 2 3
2 5 6 2 5 x k = -2.
=
3 x 7 3 6 7
a b c
Equating 3rd row 2nd column elements, we get x = 6 b c a
19. Find the value of the determinant
c a b
0 4 -2
-4 0 8 a b c
16. If A = is a skew symmetric matrix,
2 -8 x b c a
A: = a(bc - a2) - b(b2 - ca) + c(ab - c2)
find the value of x. c a b
A: Given that A is skew symmetric = abc - a3 - b3 + abc + abc - c3
AT = -A = 3abc - a3 - b3 - c3
0 4 -2 0 -4 2 20. Find the value of the determinant
-4 0 8 4 0 -8
= a-b b-c c- a
2 -8 x -2 8 -x
b-c c- a a-b
Equating 3rd row 3rd column elements, we get x = -x .
c-a a-b b-c
2x = 0 x = 0
R1 R1 + R2 + R3
a-b b-c c -a 0 0 0
b-c c -a a-b b-c c -a a-b
A: = =0
c -a a-b b-c c -a a-b b-c
since R1 contains all zeros, determinant value is 0.
12 22 32 1 0 -1
2
2 32 42 -2 x 1
21. Find the determinant of 25. If is a singular matrix, find the value
2 2 . 2 0 -2
3 4 52
of x.
1 4 9 1 0 -1
4 9 16 -2 x 1
A: Now A: is a singular matrix
9 16 25 2 0 -2
= 1(225 - 256) -4(100 -144) + 9(64- 81) 1 0 -1
= -31 + 176 - 153 -2 x 1
= -8. =0
2 0 -2
a h g by expanding the determinant along C2
h b f - 0 + x (-2 + 2) + 0 = 0
22.Find the determinant of the matrix . x(0) = 0
g f c This is true for all real values of x.
h b f cosα -sinα
A: = a (bc - f2) - h(ch - fg) + g(gh- bg) A= .
g f c sinα cosα
cosα sinα
Adj A = .
-sinα cosα
that = 0.
1 cosα sinα
A-1 = | A | Adj A = .
-sinα cosα
C1 C 1 + C 2 + C 3
1 2
27. Find the inverse of the matrix .
3 -5
A: =
a b 1 d -b
A: If A = , then A-1 =
c d ad - bc -c a
1 2
Here A =
= (Q 1 + + = 0 ) 2
3 -5
1 -5 -2 1
= 0. A-1 = | A | Adj A
1(-5) - 3(2) -3 1
A-1 =
1 0 0 1 5 2
11 3 1
2 3 4 =
24. If = 45, find x.
5 -6 x
1 5 2
11 3 -1
1 0 0 =
2 3 4
A: Given that = 45 28.Find the minors of -1 and 3 in the matrix
5 -6 x
1(3x + 24) - 0 + 0 = 45 2 -1 4
0 -2 5
3x = 45 - 24 = 21 .
x = 7. -3 1 3
1. Define coplanar vectors, non-coplanar 6. Find the unit vector in the direction of vector
vectors.
a = 2 i +3j +k .
A: Vectors whose line of supports are in the same
plane or parallel to the same plane are called A: Given that a 2 i 3 j k
coplanar vectors. Vectors which are not coplanar a
are called non coplanar vectors. The unit vector in the direction of a is a .
2. Define linear combination of vectors?
Here a 22 32 12 14
A: Let a1, a2 , a3 .........,an be vectors and x1, x2,
2i 3 j k
x 3 ........x n be scalars. T hen the vector Required unit vector
14
x1 a1 x 2 a 2 x 3 a3 .......... x n an is called
7. Find a vector in the direction of vector
linear combination of vectors
a = i - 2 j that has magnitude 7 units.
a1, a2 , a3 .........,an .
A : The unit vector in the direction of a is
3. I f OA = i + j + k, AB = 3 i - 2j + k, BC = i + 2j - 2k a n d a i 2j i 2j
CD = 2 i + j + 3k , then find the vector OD . a 12 ( 2)2 5
A: Now OD = OA + AB + BC + CD The vector having magnitude 7 and in the
= i + j + k + 3 i - 2 j + k + i + 2 j - 2k + 2 i + j + 3k
7 i 2j 7 i 14 j
direction of a is .
= 7 i + 2 j + 3k . 5 5
4. Let a = i+2j+3k and b = 3i+j. Find the unit 8. Write direction ratios of a = i + j - 2k and
vector in the direction of a+b. hence calculate its direction cosines.
A. a b i 2 j 3k 3 i j A : The direction ratios of a i j 2k are (1, 1, -
= 4 i 3 j 3k 2)
a
a b 16 9 9 34 The unit vector in the direction of a is a .
5. Let a = 2 i + 4 j - 5k, b = i + j + k, c = j + 2k .
Find the unit vector in the opposite direction
9. If , , are the angles made by the vector
of a + b + c .
3 i - 6 j + 2k with the positive directions of
A: a + b + c = 2 i + 4 j - 5k + i + j + k + j + 2k
the coordinate axes then find cos, cos, cos.
= 3 i + 6 j - 2k A : Given that a = 3 i 6 j 2k
| a + b + c | = 9 + 36 + 4 = 49 = 7 .
a 3 i 6 j 2k
Unit vector in the opposite direction of a + b + c
â
a 7
(a + b + c) 3 6 2
= - a+b+c cos , cos cos .
7 7 7
-(3 i + 6 j - 2k)
= .
7
a1 a2 a3 A: ABCDE is a pentagon.
are collinear then b = =
1 b2 b3 Given that
=3 = - 6.
14.Show that the points - 2a + 3b + 5c,
AC = OC - OA = 9a - 3b - 6c
12. I f the posi tion v ect o rs o f A, B and C
= 3(3a - b - 2c)
are - 2 i + j - k , - 4 i + 2 j + 2 k and 6 i - 3 j - 13 k
AC = 3 AB
r e s p e c t i v e l y a n d AB = λAC , then find
th e v alue of .
AB, AC are collinear vectors.
A: Let O be any origin.
A, B, C are collinear points.
OA = - 2 i + j - k , OB = - 4 i + 2 j + 2k ,
15.Is the triangle formed by the vectors
OC = 6 i - 3 j - 13k
3 i + 5 j + 2k , 2 i - 3 j - 5k and - 5 i - 2 j + 3k
AB = OB - OA = - 2 i + j + 3k
equilateral?
AC = OC - OA = 8 i - 4 j - 12k A: Let ABC be the given triangle.
- 2 i + j + 3k = - 4λ(-2 i + j + 3k) BC = 2 i - 3 j - 5k
-4 = 1 | BC | = 4 + 9 + 25 = 38 units
= -1/4.
CA = - 5 i - 2 j + 3k
| CA | = 25 + 4 + 9 = 38 units
Q | AB | = | BC | = | CA | , thus ABC is
equilateral.
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
4 i - 2 j + 3k is r = a + tb . where t, s are any scalars.
r 2 i + 3 j + k + t(4 i - 2 j + 3k) where t is any 6. Find the vector equation of the plane passing
scalar. through the points (0, 0, 0) (0, 5, 0) and (2, 0, 1)
A : Let the position vectors are
2. Find the vector equation of the line joining the
a 0, b 5 j, c 2 i k
points 2 i + j + 3k and - 4 i + 3 j - k .
Equation of the plane passing through the points
A: Vector equation of the line joining the points
A(a), B(b), C(c ) is
2 i + j + 3k and -4 i + 3 j - k is
r (1 s t)a sb tc ; s, t R
r = (1- t) a + t b
r (1 s t) 0 s 5 j t 2 i k ; s, t R
r (1- t) (2 i + j + 3k) + t(-4 i + 3 j - k) where r s 5 j t 2 i k ; s, t R
t is any scalar.
3. OABC is a parallelogram. If OA = a, OC = c , find 7. Find the vector equation of the plane through
the vector equation of the side BC. the points 2 i + 4j + 2 k , 2 i + 3j + 5k and
A:
parallel to the vector 3 i - 2j + k .
A: Vector equation of the plane through the points
2 i + 4 j + 2 k , 2 i + 3 j + 5k and parallel to the
Given that OABC is a parallelogram with
vector 3 i - 2 j + k is
OA = a, OC = c . Vector equation of the side BC
is vector equation of the line through the point C r (1- t) a + t b + s c
and parallel to the vector OA . r =(1- t) (2i +4j +2 k)+t(2i +3j +5k)+s(3i - 2j + k)
r OC + t OA where t, s are any scalars.
r c + t a where t is any scalar.. 8. Find the vector equation of the plane passing
through the point (1, 2, 3) and parallel to the
4. If a, b, c are the position vectors of the vectors (-2, 3, 1), (2, -3, 4).
vertices A, B, C respectively of ABC, then find A: Vector equation of the plane passing through the
the vector equation of the median through the point (1, 2, 3) and parallel to the vectors (-2, 3, 1),
vertex A. (2, -3, 4) is
Let O be the origin. r a+tb+sc
OA = a, OB = b, OC = c . r = i + 2 j + 3 k + t(-2 i + 3 j + k) + s(2 i - 3 j + 4 k)
Let D be the midpoint of BC.
where t, s are any scalars.
b+c
OD
2
Now, vector equation of the median AD is
r (1- t) a + t b
)
(
)
A: Given that | a + b |=| a - b | - 1 2 5 = 0
)
(
)
Squaring on both sides,
-5
2 2 = 1 or .
a | |b | 2a.b = a | |b | 2a.b 2
i - 3 j + 5k . 2 i - j - k = 0
)
(
-1 2
= Cos .
2 3 5 1 0 3 46
plane r. 6 i - 3 j + 2k = 4 . A: a x b = 1 1 1
2 1 3
A: Given plane equation is r . 6 i 3 j 2k 4 . = i(3 - 1) - j(3 - 2) + k(1- 2)
Its cartesian equation is =2i - j -k
x i y j
zk . 6 i 3 j 2k 4 . a x b = 4 + 1+ 1 = 6
6x - 3y + 2z - 4 = 0. Unit vectors perpendicular to both a and b is
The distance of the point (2, 5, -3) from the (a x b)
=±
6(2) 3(5) 2( 3) 4 axb
given plane is (2 i - j - k)
62 ( 3)2 22
6
12 15 6 4 13
units 12.If is the angle between the vectors i + j and
36 9 4 7 j + k then find sin .
i j k
9. If a =2 i - j + k and b = i - 3 j - 5k then find
A: a x b = 1 1 0
axb. 0 1 1
i j k i (1 0) j(1 0) k(1 0)
axb 2 1 1 i j k
A:
1 3 5 sin =
|axb|
| a || b |
i (5 3) j ( 10 1) k ( 6 1)
1+ 1+1
=
8 i 11j 5k 1+ 1 1+1
axb 64 121 25 210 . sin =
3
.
2
10.If a = 2 i - 3 j + k and b = i + 4 j - 2k then 13. Find the area of the parallelogram having
find a + b x a - b . 2 j - k and - i + k as adjacent sides.
= 2 5 2 6
63 5 2 1 1 3 3 2
1(0 9) ( 2) ( 2 9) 4(3 0) 0
12 9 ( 2)7 12 0
=
4 5 6
9 7 14 12 0 7 35 0 5
3
= 18.Determine if the volume of the paralleopiped
10
whose edges are i + j, 3 i - j and 3 j + λk
3
= Cos 10 .
-1
is 16 cubic units.
A: a i j , b 3 i j , c 3 j k
15.Find the area of the parallelogram whose The volume of the tetrahedron having edges
diagonals are 3 i + j - 2k and i - 3 j + 4k . a b c is a b c .
A: Diagonals of the parallelogram are
a = 3 i + j - 2k and b = i - 3 j + 4k . 1 1 0
a b c 3 1 0
i j k
0 3
axb= 3 1 -2
= 1 (- - 0) - 1 (3 - 0) = - - 3 = - 4
1 3 4 Volume of the parallelopiped
then compute a x b x c .
A. a x b x c
= a . c b a . b c
= 1(2) 1( 5) 6(3) i 3 j 4k
1(1) 1( 3) 6(4) 2 i 5 j 3k
= 2 5 18 i 3 j 4k
1 3 24 2 i 5 j 3k
= 11 i 3 j 4k 20 2 i 5 j 3k
= 11 i 33 j 44k 40 i 100 j 60k
= 29 i 67 j 16k .
2. Eliminate from
x = a (sec + tan ) y = b (sec - tan ).
A: Given that
sec + tan = x/a, sec + tan = y/b
(sec + tan ) (sec - tan ) = (x/a) (y/b)
sec2 - tan2 = xy/ab 1 = xy/ab
xy ab .
-
3. Draw the graph of y = tan x in , .
2 2
-
A: Table for y = tan x in , .
2 2
1
- - Here sin = and 3
x 0 3
2 4 4 2 so 4
(
)
0 0 0 0
tan20 + tan40 + 3tan20 tan40 . 4 3
A: Take tan 600 = tan (200 + 400)
0
tan 20 tan 40 0 2π 2π
Period of f(x) = LCM of ,
tan 600 =
1 tan 200 tan 400 π π
4 3
tan 200 tan 400 = LCM of {8, 6}
3
1 tan 200 tan 400 = 24.
Period of cos4x is . = - 3 + 1+ 8
=-3+3
27. If sec + tan = 5 find the quadrant in which = 0.
lies and find the value of sin. 2 2
Minimum value of f(x) = c - a + b
A: Given that sec + tan = 5..............(1) =-3-3
We have sec2 - tan2 = 1 = - 6.
(sec + tan)(sec - tan) = 1
1 31. Find the range of 13 cosx + 3 3sinx - 4 .
sec - tan = ..................(2)
5
1 A: Let f(x) = 13 cos x 3 3 sin x 4
(1) (2) sec θ tan θ sec θ tanθ 5
5 Compare with a cos x b sin x c then we get
26 13 a = 13, b = 3 3 , c = 4.
2 sec θ sec θ
5 5
Maximum value = c a2 b 2
1
(1) (2) sec θ tanθ sec θ tan θ 5
5 4 (13)2 (3 3 )2 4 169 27
24 12
2 tan θ tan θ
5 5 4 196 4 14 10
tan θ 12 / 5 12 4 196 4 14 18
Now, .
sec θ 13 / 5 13 Range of f(x) = [ -18, 10].
12 32.Find the extreme values of cos2x + cos2x.
sin = . A. We know that extreme values of cos2x are 0, 1.
13
28.Find the maximum and minimum values of f(x) Now cos2x + cos2x
= 3sinx - 4 cosx. = 2cos2x - 1 + cos2x
A: f(x) = 3sinx - 4 cosx = 3cos2x - 1.
1
o
A: sin 52 - sin2 22
2 1
o
sec θ 1 tan2 θ
2 2
1 o 1 o o o
1 tan2 θ 1 tan2 θ
1 1
= sin 52 + 22 sin 52 - 22
2 2
3/2
2 2 1 tan2 θ
( Q sin2 A - sin2 B = sin ( A + B) sin(A - B))
3/2
1 1 32
= sin 75o. sin 30o
3/2
3 + 1 1 2 e2 RHS .
=
2 2 2
38.Prove that tan700 - tan200 = 2tan500.
3 +1
= .
4 2 A. Clearly 700 - 200 = 500.
1o
2 1o
tan 700 20 0 tan500
34. Evaluate cos 112 - sin2 52 .
2 2 tan700 tan 200
1
o
1
o tan500
A: cos 2 112 - sin 2 52 1 tan70 tan 20
0 0
2 2
tan700 tan 200
1 o
1
o 1o 1o tan500
= cos 112 + 52 cos 112 - 52
2 2
2 2
1 tan 90 20 tan 20
0 0
0
1
tan560 2. .cos 50 cos 50 cos 50 cos 50 0
2
tan tan560 560 Q1.
3+ 5
41. If sin α = cos α , show that a sin2 + bcos2 = b. 45.Prove that cos480 cos 120 = .
8
a b
A: Let sinα cos α 1 1
= A. cos480 cos 120 = (2cos480 cos 120)
a b k 2
a = k sin b = k cos 1
Now a sin2 + b cos 2 =
2
cos 480 120 cos 480 120
= (k sin ) sin 2 + (k cos ) cos 2
= k [ cos2 cos + sin 2 sin] 1
= cos 600 cos360
= k cos (2 - ) 2
= k cos
= b. 1 1 5 1
b = 2 2 4
42.If tan = , then prove that acos2 + bsin2 = a.
a
sin b 1 2 5 1
A. Given : = 2
cos a 4
sin cos
3 5
b a = .
8
sin cos 1
Let .
b a k 46.Prove that sin500 - sin700 + sin100 = 0.
a = kcos, b = ksin
Now acos2 + bsin2
A. sin500 - sin700 + sin100
= k cos cos2 + ksin sin2
= k[cos2 cos + sin2 sin 500 700 500 700
sin10
0
= k cos(2 - ) = 2cos sin
2 2
= k cos
= a. = 2cos600 sin (-100) + sin100
1
π 2
= 2 sin10 sin10
0
0
15 3 RHS .
Q cosC - cosD =
17 n
= . ex ex ex ex
8
5 A: 2 2
2.If coshx = then find (i) cosh(2x) (ii) sinh(2x).
2 ex ex ex ex
n
5
A: Give coshx = then 2
2
2 n
5 25 4 2 ex
sinh x cosh2 x 1 1
2 4 2
21
21 e nx
4 2
RHS cosh nx sinh nx
2
5 enx e nx enx e nx
(i) cosh(2x) 2 cosh2 x 1 2 1
2 2 2
25 25 23 enx e nx enx e nx
2 1 1
4 2 2 2
nx
2e
(ii)sinh(2x) 2 sinh x cosh x
2
5 21 5 21
2. . enx
2 2 2
From a n d (coshx + sinhx)n = cosh nx + sinh nx.
3. Prove that
5. Prove that cosh4x - sinh4x = cosh(2x).
(cosh x - sinh x)n = cosh nx - sinh nx.
A: LHS = cosh4x - sinh4x
= (cosh2x)2 - (sinh2x)2
Hence, x = loge 5 26 4
ex e y ex e y e x ey e x e y
Q sinh1 x log x x 2 1
e
4
2e x e y 2e x e y 2 e e
x y ( x y)
-1 1 1
8. Show that tanh = loge 3 .
2 2 4 4
A: We know that tanh-1x =
1 1+ x xy
e e ( x y)
loge cosh(x y) LHS
2 1- x 2
1
-1 1 1 1+ 2
tanh = loge
2 2 1- 1 2tan hx
2 12.Prove that sinh 2x = .
1- tanh2 x
3 A: sin 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x.
1 2
loge 1 =
2 sinh x cosh x
2 1 loge3 . 1
2 2
2sinh x cosh x
= cosh2 x sinh2 x
9. If coshx = sec then prove that
x θ
tanh2 = tan2 . 2 sinh x cosh x
2 2
= cosh2 x 1 sinh x
2
2 x cosh x 1 sec θ 1
A. tanh 2
2 cosh x 1 sec θ 1 cosh x
1 θ 2 tan hx
1 2 sin2
cos θ 1 cosθ 2 tan2 θ = .
1 tanh2 x
1 1 cos θ θ 2
1 2 cos2
cos θ 2 13.Show that cosh 2x = 1 + 2 sinh2 x.
A : cosh 2x = cosh (x +x)
= coshx.coshx + sinhx.sinhx
= cosh2 x + sinh2x
10. Prove that sinh(x - y) = sinhx coshy - coshx cosh2x - sinh2x = 1
sinhy. = (1+sinh x) + sinh2x
2
A: sinh x cosh y - cosh x sinh y. = 1 + 2sinh2x.
ex - e-x ey + e-y ex + e-x e y - e-y
= - 14.For any x R, show that cosh 2x = 2 cosh2 x -1.
2 2 2 2
A. cosh 2x = cosh (x + x)
= cosh x. coshx + sinhx.sinhx
= 3 sinh x + 4 sinh3 x.
-1 1 1+ x
18.Prove that Tanh x =
2
loge for x (-1, 1).
1- x
16. Prove that sinh -1x = log(x + x 2 + 1) , for
A: Let Tanh-1 x = t
x R.
x = tanh t
A: Let sinh-1 x = t
x = sin ht et - e-t
x=
et + e-t
t -t
e -e
x= 1 e t + e-t
2 =
x e t - e-t
1 By componendo and dividendo,
2x = et
et
1 x et + e-t e t e t 2et
2xet = (et)2 -1 = =
1 x e t + e-t et e t 2e-t = e
2t
(et)2 - 2xet - 1 = 0.
By the definition of logarithm,
1+ x
2x + 4x 2 + 4 2t = loge
et = 1- x
2
1 1+ x
t = loge
2x ± 2 x 2 + 1 2 1- x
= = x± x2 +1
2 1 1+ x
Tanh-1x = log .
Q et > 0 2 1- x
et x x 2 1
19.Show that f(x) = sinhx is an odd function.
By the definition of logarithm,
t = loge(x + e x e x
x2 1 ) A: We know that sinh x
2
sinh-1x = loge(x + x 2 1 ). x x
e x e x
e e
sinh x sinh x
17. For any x [1, ), prove that 2 2
cosh-1 x = loge(x + x 2 - 1 ). sinh( x) sinh x
A: Let cosh-1 x = t
x = cosh t sinh x is an odd function
2x ± 4x 2 - 4 cos(-x) = coshx
et = coshx is an even function.
2