History of

Counseling
Ma. Danniella Mae G. Baracinas
BS Psychology - III

INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING
What is Counseling?
counseling. n. professional assistance in
coping with personal problems, including
emotional, behavioral, vocational, marital,
educational, rehabilitation, and life-stage
(e.g., retirement) problems.
American Psychological Association Dictionary
5 Goals of Counseling
According to Leslie Riopel, MSc, 2019

1. Facilitating behavioral change.

2. Helping improve the client’s ability to both establish
and maintain relationships.
3. Helping enhance the client’s effectiveness and their
ability to cope.
4. Helping promote the decision-making process while
facilitating client potential.
5. Development.
Frank Parsons
Father of the guidance movement
Established the first career counseling
center in Boston, 1909
Carl Rogers
Developed person-centered
approach to psychotherapy and
developed the concept of
unconditional positive regard
World War I
1913 - National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA)
was formed
Counseling become more widely recognized
Development of numerous psychological tests such as:
Army Alpha and Army Beta intelligence tests
World War II
U.S. government needed counselors and psychologists to
help select and train specialists for the military and
industry
George Barden Act of 1946 - provided educational funds
and funded the training for counselors and psychologists
AACD
1984, American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA)
changed its name to Counseling and Development (AACD)
emphasized on growth and development
ACA
1992, AACD changed its name to American Counseling
Association (ACA) which best reflected the work of the
members
Counseling became a mental health profession and was
included in the National Institute of Mental Health
21st century counselors became more aware of the social
and environmental factors and factors that are important
to human beings.
Major Counseling
Perspectives
Psychoanalytic
Affective
Behavioral
Cognitive
Psychoanalytic
Talk therapy

Affective
Client-centered therapy

Behavioral
changing unwanted or
maladaptive behavior

Cognitive
Focuses on mental processes
and how it affects mental health