Copy - DESIGN-LOADS-FOR-COVERED-COURT

DESIGN LOAD
DESIGN LOADS FOR COVERED COURT

DEAD LOAD
STRUCTURAL ELEMENT DISTRIBUTED LOADS
Weight of Corrugated Roofing Sheet 0.1 kPa
Purlins; Use C9x13 4.784 kPa
Mechanical and Electrical Allowances 0.38 kPa
ROOF LIVE LOAD

Rise less than 1-unit vertical in 3-unit
horizontal (33.3% less than 100% slope). 0.75 kPa
Arch and dome with rise less than 1/8 of
span. (for tributary area 20 to 60 m2)
Table 205-3. Minimum Roof Live Loads.

NSCP 2015
WIND LOADS
Wind load Parameters
1. Occupancy Category IV: Standard Occupancy Structures (Section 103 of NSCP
2015)
2. Basic Wind Speed V = 260 kph = 72.22 m/s (Section 207- Figure 207A.5-1A of
NSCP 2015)
3. Directionality Factor, K d = 0.85 (Section 207 - Table 207A.6-1 of NSCP 2015)
4. Exposure Category = B (Section 207: 207A.7 of NSCP 2015)
5. Topographic factor, K zt = 1.0 (Section 207: 207A.8.2 of NSCP 2015)
6. Gust effect factor, G or Gf = 0.85 (Section 207: 207A.9.1 of NSCP 2015)
7. Enclosure Classification: Open Building (Section 207: 207A.10 of NSCP 2015)
8. Internal pressure coefficient, GC pi : (Section 207 - Table 207A.11-1 of NSCP
2015)
COVERED COURT 0
9. The velocity factor coefficient, K h or K z
For roofs with θ>10 °,

h= ( 2 )(
eave height +ridge height
=
2 )
6.7925+9.6766
=8.2346 m
At 8.235m:
Using interpolation,
From Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, K h and K z (Section 207 - Table
207E.3-1 of NSCP 2015)
y 1 = 9, y 2 = 12
From Terrain Exposure Constants (Section 207 - Table 207A.9-1 of NSCP
2015)
Since Exposure = B
z g =365.76, α =7.0
From (Section 207 - C207B.3-1 of NSCP 2015)

2
z α
For 4.75m ≤ z ≤ z g ; K z = 2.01 ( )
zg
2 2
12 7.0 9
K z = 2.01 ( ) = 0.757 K z = 2.01 ( ) 7.0 = 0.697
365.76 365.76
x 1 = 0.697, x 2=¿ 0.757
Using the values,

y = 8.235, y 1 = 9, y 2 = 12
x 1 = 0.697, x 2=¿ 0.757
y 2− y 1
y− y1 =( )(x−x 1 )
x 2−x 1
Where x = velocity factor coefficient, y = height above ground level

12−9
8.235−9=( )( x−0.679)
0.757−0.697
x = 0.6817
K z=¿ 0.6817
Velocity Pressure, q z (Section 207: 207E.3-1 C207B.3-1 of NSCP 2015)

q z = 0.613 K z K zt K d V 2
q z = 0.613 (0.6817) (1.0) (0.85) (72.22 m/s)²
q z = 1852.6256 Pa
Determining the pressure coefficient, CN from Figure 207E.8-2 of NSCP 2015
L = 17.97 m Purlin spacing = 0.65m

Mean roof height, h = 8.235m Truss spacing = 5.4m
Roof slope,  = 18°
Solving for a,
10% (L) = 0.10 (17.97m) = 1.797m
4% (L) = 0.04 (17.97m) = 0.7188m

0.4h = 0.4 (8.235m) = 3.294m
Since 0.4h > 10% L > 4%L,

Use a = 1.797m
Effective Area (Section 207 of NSCP 2015)

For purlins,
Solving for the effective area,
1 2
A= ( 5.4 m )( 5.4 m)=9.72 m
3
Table 1. Pressure Coefficients for Purlins

Effective
θ Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1
Area
>a 2 15 ° 0.8 -2.4 0.8 -2.4 0.5 -1.6
≤4a 2 20° 0.8 -2.4 0.8 -2.4 0.5 -1.6
30° 0.8 -1.8 0.8 -1.8 0.5 -1.2
For truss,
Solving for the effective area,
A=( 5.4 m )( 17.97 m )=97.038m2
Table 1. Pressure Coefficients for Truss

Effective
θ Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1
Area
15 ° 0.5 -1.6 0.5 -1.6 0.5 -1.6
>4 a2
20° 0.5 -1.6 0.5 -1.6 0.5 -1.6
30° 0.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.2
Computing the design wind load (P) using equation 207E.8-1 of NSCP 2015
p = qz (G Cn) (N/m2)
For Purlins,
At Zone 3,
p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (0.8) p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (-2.4)
p = 1.2598 kPa p = -3.779 kPa
p = 1.2598 kPa (0.65m) p = -3.779 kPa (0.65m)
p = 0.8189 kN/m p = -2.456 kN/m
At Zone 2,
p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (0.8) p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (-2.4)
p = 1.2598 kPa p = -3.779 kPa
p = 1.2598 kPa (0.65m) p = -3.779 kPa (0.65m)
p = -2.456 kN/m
p = 0.8189 kN/m
At Zone 1,
p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (0.5) p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (-1.6)
p = 0.787 kPa p = -2.519kPa
p = 0.787 kPa (0.65m) p = -2.519 kPa (0.65m)
p = 0.5116 kN/m p = -1.637 kN/m
Summary of the Design Wind Load for Purlins

ZONE P (kPa) P x 0.65m (kN/m)
3 1.2598 -3.779 0.8189 -2.456
2 1.2598 -3.779 0.8189 -2.456
1 0.787 -2.519 0.5116 -1.637
For Truss,
At Zone 3,
p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (0.5) p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (-1.6)
p = 0.787 kPa p = -2.519kPa
p = 0.787 kPa (0.65m) p = -2.519kPa (0.65m)
p = 0.5116 kN/m p = -1.637 kN/m
At Zone 2,
p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (0.5) p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (-1.6)
p = 0.787 kPa p = -2.519kPa
p = 0.787 kPa (0.65m) p = -2.519kPa (0.65m)
p = 0.5116 kN/m p = -1.637 kN/m
At Zone 1,
p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (0.5) p = 1852.6256 Pa (0.85) (-1.6)
p = 0.787 kPa p = -2.519kPa
p = 0.787 kPa (0.65m) p = -2.519kPa (0.65m)
p = 0.5116 kN/m p = -1.637 kN/m
Summary of the Design Wind Load for Truss

ZONE P (kPa) P x 0.65m (kN/m)
3 0.787 -2.519 0.5116 -1.637
2 0.787 -2.519 0.5116 -1.637
1 0.787 -2.519 0.5116 -1.637
SEISMIC LOADS
1. Occupancy Category (Section 208 - Table 208-1 of NSCP 2015)
Seismic Importance Factors
Category IV (Standard Occupancy Structures)
Seismic Importance Factor, I=1.00
Seismic Importance Factor, Ip=1.00
2. Site Geology and Soil Characteristics (Section 208: 208.4.3 of NSCP 2015)
Soil Profile Type - SD (Stiff Soil Profile)
3. Site Seismic Hazard Characteristics (Section 208 - Table 208-3 of NSCP 2015)
Seismic Zone Factor Z
Seismic Zone - Zone 4, Z=0.40
4. Seismic Source Type (Section 208 - Table 208-4 of NSCP 2015)
Seismic Source Types 1
A- Faults that are capable of producing large magnitude events and that
have a high rate of seismic activity
5. Seismic Near Source Factor (Section 208 - Table 208-5 and Table 208-6 of NSCP
2015)
Near-Source Factor, Na
At distance to known seismic source ≥15km,
Na =1.0
Near-Source Factor, Nv
Closest distance to known seismic source ≥15km,
Nv = 1.0
6. Seismic Responds Coefficients: (Section 208 - Table 208-7 and Table 208-8 of
NSCP 2015)
Seismic Coefficient, Ca and Seismic Coefficient, Cv
At soil type SD and seismic zone 4,
Ca = 0.44Na Cv = 0.64Nv
Ca = 0.44 (1.0) Cv = 0.64 (1.0)
Ca = 0.44 Cv = 0.64
7. Configuration Requirements (Section 208: 208.4.5 of NSCP 2015)
Regular Structure
8. Structural System Coefficient (Section 208 - Table 208-1 IB of NSCP 2015)
Earthquake-Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Steel
Special Truss Moment Frames, R = 6.5
Dead Load Computation for Seismic Analysis

Specifications:
Reinforced Concrete Column = 0.40m x 0.60m
Baseplate = 0.025m x 0.35m x 0.55m
ASEP Steel Table p. 4-66 L100x100x6

Weight of Roof Truss = Weight of L 100x100x6 mm + Weight of L 75x75x6 mm
= [(9.26 kg/m × 9.81m/s2)/1000] (43.211) (12) + [(6.87 ×
9.81)/1000] (62.549) (12)
= (0.091kN/m) (43.211) (12) + (0.067kN/m) (62.549) (12)
= 97.476 kN
ASEP Steel Table p. 4-68 L100x100x6 ; p. 4-68 L75x75x6

Weight of Truss Column = Weight of L 100x100x6 mm + Weight of L 75x75x6
mm
= [(9.26 × 9.81)/1000] (14.038) (24) + [(6.87 × 9.81)/1000]
(13.135) (24)
= (0.091kN/m) (14.038) (24) + (0.067kN/m) (13.135) (24)
= 51.780 kN
ASEP Steel Table p. 4-68 L100x100x6 ; p. 4-68 L75x75x6
Weight of Strut 1 = Weight of L 100x100x6 mm + Weight of L 75x75x6 mm
= [(9.26 × 9.81)/1000] (28) (2) + [(6.87 × 9.81)/1000] (45.240) (2)
= (0.091kN/m) (28) (2) + (0.067kN/m) (45.240) (2)
= 11.158 kN
ASEP Steel Table p. 4-66 L50x50x6

Weight of Strut 2 = Weight of L 50x50x6 mm
= [(4.47 × 9.81)/1000] [28 + 1.214(30)] (4)
= (0.044kN/m) (64.42m) (4)
= 11.338 kN
Weight of Baseplate = [(7850 × 9.81)/(1000)] (0.00217m 3) (24)

= (77.0085 kN/m3) (0.00217m3) (24)
= 2.005 kN
Weight of Purlins = (4.784 kN/m2) (1.514 m2) (14)

= 101.402 kN
Weight of Roof Sheet = (0.1 kN/m2) (903.811 m2)

= 90.381 kN
Total weight of the structure = 365.540 kN
Structure Period
Ct = 0.0853
T = Ct (hn)3/4
T = 0.0853 (5.4m)3/4
T = 0.3022 sec; T < 0.7 sec
Base Shear Computation

Design Base Shear
NSCP 2015 Chp 2 p. 214 208.5.2.1 Design Base Shear (208-8)
C I
V= v W
RT
(1.024 )( 1)
V= (365.540 kN)
(6.5)(0.3022 s)
V = 190.558 kN
Maximum Base Shear

2.5C a I
Vmax = W
R
( 2.5 )( 0.528 )( 1 )
Vmax = (365.540 kN )
6.5
Vmax = 74.233 kN
Minimum Base Shear
0.8 ZN v I
Vmin = W
R
( 0.8 ) ( 0.4 ) ( 1 )
Vmin = (365.540 kN )
6.5
Vmin = 17.996 kN

Vmin = 0.11CaIW
Vmin = 0.11 (0.528) (1) (365.540 kN)
Vmin = 21.231 kN
Since V > Vmax, use V = 74.233 kN
Vertical Distribution Force Computation

Since T < 0.7s,
Ft = 0
(V −F t ) w x hx
n
Fx =
∑ w i hi
i=1
(74.233−0)(3,169.232)
Fx =
3,169.232+ 0
Fx = 74.233 kN
Moment Computation
Mx = 74.233 kN (8.67m) = 643.600 kN-m
Summary of the Design Seismic Load

Level, x hx (m) Wx (kN) Wx hx Fx (kN) Vx (kN) Mx (kN-m)
1 8.67 365.540 3,169.232 74.233 74.233 643.600
Total 365.540 3,169.232 74.233
DESIGN OF
STEEL
MEMBERS
Inspection of Top Chord of the Critical Roof Truss (2-L75mmx75mmx6mm)
2-L75mmx75mmx6mm Properties:
A = 874.73 mm2 Ix = 455 700 mm4

d = 75 mm Sx = 8 400 mm3
b = 75 mm rx = 22.82 mm
t = 6 mm y = 20.43 mm
Fy = 250 MPa Fu = 400 MPa
Critical Section of the Top Chord
With the aid of the STAAD Pro, accurate values of design axial force are
obtained. The critical member has an axial force of 93.608 kN.
Computing the nominal axial load using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), ∅
= 0.90
Pu 93.608
Pn= = =104.0089 kN
ø 0.90
Critical P = 104.0089 kN
Computing slenderness ratio using laterally unbraced length of member, L b =

1390.89 mm, effective length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing radius of gyration, r =
22.82 mm.
KLb 1.0(1390.89)
= =60.9505 kN
r 22.82
The flexural buckling stress, Fcr, is determined as:

Cc=4.71
E
√
Fy
=4.71
200 000
250 √
=133.2189
√
KLb E
≤ ≥ 4.71
r Fy
60.9505 kN ≤ 133.2189
( )
Fy
Since CC is greater than the slenderness ratio, then F = 0.658 F (Fy) wherein Fe
e
cr
is given with the formula of:
2
π E π 2( 200 000)
F e= = =¿
( )
2
KLb ( 60.9505 )2 531.3433 MPa
r
=( 0.658 )(250) = 205.3120 MPa

250
531.3433
F cr
To determine the area required the formula is given as follow:

Critical Axial Force 104.0089 2
Arequired = = =506.5895 mm
F cr 205.3120
Arequired ≤ A used
2 2
506.5895 mm ≤874.73 mm
From the computation above, L75mmx75mmx6mm high strength steel A-36

angle bars were used as the top chord of the truss frame.
Inspection of Bottom Chord of the Critical Roof Truss (2 - L 100mm x 100mm x
6mm)
Properties of L 100mm x 100mm x 6mm:
A = 1,179.45 mm2 Ix = 1,110.5x103 mm4

d = 100 mm Sx = 15.1 mm3
b = 100 mm rx = 30.69 mm
t = 6 mm y = 26.42 mm
Critical Section of the Bottom Chord
obtained. The critical member has an axial force of 140.145 kN
= 0.90
Pu 140.145 kN
Pn = = = 155.7167 kN
∅ 0.90
To prevent yielding the required gross area is computed as

Critical Axial Force 155.7167 kN
Required Ag =
0.90 Fy
= 0.90(250)
= 692.0742 mm2
Required Ag ≤ Area used
692.0742 mm2 ≤ 1,179.45 mm2

To avoid fracture the required effective net area is computed as
Critical Axial Force 155.7167 kN
Required Ae =
0.75 Fu
= 0.75 (400) = 519.0557 mm2
Required Ag ≤ Area used
519.0557 mm2 ≤ 1,179.45 mm2
From the computation above, L100x100x6 mm high strength steel A-36 angle
bars were used as the bottom chord of the truss frame.
Inspection of Web Members of the Critical Roof Truss (2 - L 75mm x 75mm x
6mm)
2 - L 75mm x 75mm x 6mm Properties
A = 875 mm² Ix = 128, 000 mm⁴

d = 75 mm Sx = 8, 400 mm⁴
b = 75 mm rx = 22.82 mm
t = 6 mm y = 20.43 mm
Critical Member of Roof Truss
Computing the nominal axial loading using Ø = 0.90 (LFRD)

P 138.822
Pn=¿ u = = 154.2467kN
∅ 0.90
Design Compression Members
Computing slenderness ratio using laterally unbraced length of member, Lb =

22.82 mm
KLb (1.0)(1627.08)
= = 71.3006 kN
r 22.82
The flexural buckling stress, F cr, is determined as:
Cc = 4.71
√ E
Fy
= 4.71
√200000 133.2189
250
= kN
√
KLb E
≤ 4.71
r Fy
71.3006 ≤ 133.2189
Fy
Since Cc is greater than the slenderness ratio, F cr = (0.658 ¿ ¿ )Fy ¿ wherein F e
Fe
is given the formula of:
π2 E 2
π ( 200000)
F e = KLb = 2
2 = 388.2785 MPa
( ) 71.3006
r
F 250
F cr = (0.658 ¿ ¿ y ) Fy ¿ = (0.658 ¿ ¿ )¿(250) = 190.9420 MPa
Fe 388.2785

critical axial load 154.2467
Arequired = = = 807.8197 mm²
F cr 190.9420
807.8197 mm ² ≤ 875 mm ²
Design of Tension Members
To prevent yielding the required gross area is computed as:

critical axial force 154.2467
Required A g =
0.9 F y = = 685.5409 mm²
0.9(250)
Required A g ≤ Aused
685.5409 ≤ 875 mm ²
To avoid fracture the required effective net area is computed as:

critical axial force 154.2467
Required A e = = = 514.1557 mm²
0.75 F u 0.75(400)
Required A e ≤ A used
514.1557 mm ² ≤ 875 mm ²
From the computation above, L 75mm x 75mm x 6mm high strength steel A-36
angle bars were used as the web members of the truss frame.
Inspection of Critical Section of Vertical Truss Column (2 - L 100mm x 100mm x
6mm)

A = 1,179.45 mm2
d = 100 mm Ix = 1,110.5x103 mm4
b = 100 mm Sx = 15.1 mm3
t = 6 mm rx = 30.69 mm
Fy = 250 MPa y = 26.42 mm
Fu = 400 MPa
Critical Member of the Column
= 0.90
Pu 175.174 kN
Pn = = = 194.6378 kN
∅ 0.90
Computing slenderness ratio using: laterally unbraced length of member, L b =

1548.84 mm; effective length factor, K = 1.0 and the governing radius of gyration, r =
30.69 mm
KLb 1.00 ( 1548.84 )
= = 50.4673 kN
r (30.69)
The flexural buckling stress, Fcr, is determined as

Cc = 4.71
√ E
Fy
= 4.71
√200 000
250
= 133.2189
√
KLb E
≤ 4.71
r Fy
50.4673 ≤ 133.2189
Fy
Since Cc is greater than the slenderness ratio, then F cr = (0.658 Fe )(Fy) wherein
Fe is given with the formula of
π2 E
π 2( 200000)
Fe = KLb 2 = = 775.0141 MPa
( ) (50.4673)2
r
Fy 250
Fcr = (0.658 Fe ) Fy = (0.658 775.0141 ) (250) = 218.4260 MPa
To determine the area required the formula is given as follow

Critical Axial Force 194.6378
Arequired =
F cr
= 218.4260 = 891.0926 mm2
Arequired ≤ Area used
891.0926 mm2 ≤ 1,179.45 mm2
From the computation above, L100x100x6 mm high strength steel A-36 angle
bars were used on the column.
Inspection of Critical Section of Vertical Column Truss (2 - L 75mm x 75mm x
6mm)
ASEP Steel Handbook Rolled Shapes page 4-68, 4-69

A = 874.73 mm2 Ix = 455.7x103 mm4
d = 75 mm Sx = 8.4 mm3
b = 75 mm rx = 22.82 mm
t = 6 mm y = 20.43 mm
Critical Web Member of the Column
= 0.90
Pu 47.830 kN
Pn = = 0.90 = 53.1444 kN
∅
Computing slenderness ratio using: laterally unbraced length of member, L b =

1575.55 mm; effective length factor, K = 1.0 and the governing radius of gyration, r =
22.82 mm
KLb 1.00 ( 1575.55 )
= = 69.0425 kN
r (22.82)
The flexural buckling stress, Fcr, is determined as

Cc = 4.71
√ E
Fy
= 4.71
√200 000
250
= 133.2189
√
KLb E
≤ 4.71
r Fy
69.0425 ≤ 133.2189
Fy
Since Cc is greater than the slenderness ratio, then F cr = (0.658 Fe )(Fy) wherein
Fe is given with the formula of
π2 E
π 2( 200000)
Fe = KLb 2 = = 414.0919 MPa
( ) (69.0425)2
r
Fy 250
Fcr = (0.658 Fe ) Fy = (0.658 414.0919 ) (250) = 194.1768 MPa
To determine the area required the formula is given as follow

Critical Axial Force 53.1444
Arequired =
F cr
= 194.1768 = 273.6908 mm2
Arequired ≤ Area used
273.6908 mm2 ≤ 874.73 mm2
From the computation above, L75x75x6 mm high strength steel A-36 angle bars
were used on the web members of column.
Inspection of Critical Section of Strut Chord (2- L100mm x 100mm x 6mm)
2-L100mmx100mmx6mm Properties:
A = 1 179.45 mm2 Ix = 1 110 500 mm4

d = 100 mm Sx = 15 100 mm3
b = 100 mm rx = 30.69 mm
t = 6 mm y = 26.42 mm
Computing the nominal axial load using ∅ = 0.90 (LRFD)
P 2.592
P n= u = =2.88 kN
ø 0.90
Computing slenderness ratio using laterally unbraced length of member, L b =

1867mm, effective length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing radius of gyration, r = 30.69
mm.
KLb 1.0(1 867)
= =60.8341 kN
r 30.69
The flexural buckling stress, Fcr, is determined as:

Cc=4.71
E
√
Fy
=4.71
200 000
250 √
=133.2189
√
KLb E
≤ ≥ 4.71
r Fy
60.8341 kN ≤133.2189
( )
Fy
Since CC is greater than the slenderness ratio, then F = 0.658 F (Fy) wherein Fe
e
cr
is given with the formula of:
2
π E π 2( 200 000)
F e= = =¿
( )
2
KLb ( 60.8341 )2 533.3786 MPa
r
=( 0.658 )(250) = 205.4663 MPa

250
533.3786
F cr

Critical Axial Force 2.88 2
Arequired = = =14.0169 mm
F cr 205.4663
2 2
14.0169 mm ≤ 1 179.45 mm
From the computation above, L100mm x 100mm x 6mm high strength steel A-36
angle bars were used on strut.
Inspection of Critical Section of Strut Web Members (2 - L 75mm x 75mm x 6mm)
Properties of L 75mm x75mm x 6mm:

Ix = 455.7x103 mm4
A = 874.73 mm2
Sx = 8.4 mm3
d = 75 mm
rx = 22.82 mm
b = 75 mm
y = 20.43 mm
t = 6 mm
Fu = 400 MPa
Fy = 250 MPa

P 3.775
Pn=¿ u = = 4.1944 kN
∅ 0.90

1520 mm, effective length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing radius of gyration, r =
22.82 mm
KLb (1.0)(1520)
= = 66.6082 kN
r 22.82
Cc = 4.71
√ E
Fy
= 4.71
√
200000
250
= 133.2189 kN
√
KLb E
≤ 4.71
r Fy
≤
66.6082 133.2189
Fy
Since Cc is greater than the slenderness ratio, F cr = (0.658 ¿ ¿ )Fy ¿ wherein F e
Fe
π2 E
π 2( 200000)
F e = KLb 2 = = 444.9122 MPa
( ) (66.6082)2
r
F 250
F cr = (0.658 ¿ ¿ y ) Fy ¿ = (0.658 ¿ ¿ )¿(250) = 197.6057 MPa
Fe 444.9122
Arequired = = = 21.2261 mm²
F cr 197.6057
21.2261 mm ² ≤874.73 mm ²
angle bars were on the strut.
Inspection of Critical Section of Strut Chord (2 - L 50mm x 50mm x 6mm)
2 - L 50mm x 50mm x 6mm Properties:
A = 569 mm² Ix = 456, 000 mm⁴

d = 50 mm Sx = 3, 610 mm⁴
b = 50 mm rx = 15.02 mm
t = 6 mm y = 14.45 mm
P 6.396
Pn=¿ u = = 7.1067 kN
∅ 0.90

15.02 mm
KLb (1.0)(933.3333)
= = 62.1394 kN
r 15.02
Cc = 4.71
√ E
Fy
= 4.71
√ 200000
250
= 133.2189
√
KLb E
≤ 4.71
r Fy
62.1394 ≤ 133.2189
Fy
Since Cc is greater than the slenderness ratio, F cr = (0.658 ¿ ¿ ) Fy ¿ wherein F e
Fe
2
π E
π 2 200000
F e = KLb 2 = = 511.2056 MPa
( ) 62.1394 2
r
F 250
F cr = (0.658 ¿ ¿ y ) Fy ¿ = (0.658 ¿ ¿ )¿(250) = 203.7254 MPa
Fe 511.2056

Arequired = = = 34.8837 mm²
F cr 203.7254
34.8837 mm ² ≤ 569 mm ²
angle bars were used on the strut.
Inspection of Critical Section of Strut Web Members (2 - L 50mm x 50mm x 6mm)
2 - L 50mm x 50mm x 6mm Properties:
A = 569 mm² Ix = 456, 000 mm⁴

d = 50 mm Sx = 3, 610 mm⁴
b = 50 mm rx = 15.02 mm
t = 6 mm y = 14.45 mm
The flexural buckling stress, F cr,

With the aid of the STAAD Pro,
accurate values of design axial force are is determined as:
obtained. The critical member has an
axial force of 3.997 kN.
Computing the nominal axial
Cc = 4.71
133.2189
√ E
Fy
= 4.71
√ 200000
250
=
√
loading using Ø = 0.90 (LFRD) KLb E
P 3.997 ≤ 4.71
Pn=¿ u = = 4.4411 kN r Fy
∅ 0.90 64.2250 ≤ 133.2189
Critical P = 4.4411 kN Since Cc is greater than the
Fy
Computing slenderness ratio slenderness ratio, F cr = (0.658 ¿ ¿ )Fy ¿
Fe
using laterally unbraced length of
wherein F e is given the formula of:
member, Lb = 964.6599 mm, effective
length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing π2 E
π 2 200000
radius of gyration, r = 15.02 mm Fe = KLb 2 = =
( ) 64.2250 2
KLb (1.0)(964.6599) r
= = 64.2250
r 15.02 478.5436 MPa
kN
Fy From the computation above, L
F cr = (0.658 ¿ ¿ ) Fy ¿ =
Fe 50mm x 50mm x 6mm high strength
250 steel A-36 angle bars were used on the
(0.658 ¿ ¿ )¿ (250) = 200.8990 strut.
478.5436
MPa
To determine the area required

the formula is given as follow:
critical axial load
Arequired = =
F cr
4.4411
= 22.1061 mm²
200.8990
22.1061 mm ² ≤569 mm ²
DESIGN OF
WELDED
CONNECTIONS
Design of Welded Connections for Roof Truss Web Members
Computing the length of side fillet welds using Pmax = 154.2467 kN

Pmax = 154.2467 kN
tf = 6mm
Therefore, use tweld = tf = 6 mm

q = 103t N/mm (for weld, E-70 electrodes)
q = 103 (6 mm) = 618 N/mm
∑ MP 1=0
(75 mm) P2 = 154.2467 kN (20.43 mm)
P2 = 42.0168 kN
∑ F=0
P = P1 + P 2
P1 = 154.2467 kN – 42.0168 kN
P1 = 112.2299 kN
P1 112.2299(1000)
L1 = = =181.6018 mm ≈182 mm
q 618
P2 42.0168(1000)
L2 = = =67.9883 mm≈ 68 mm
q 618
Design of Welded Connections for Vertical Column Web Members

Pmax = 53.1444 kN
tf = 6mm

q = 103 (6 mm) = 618 N/mm
∑ MP 1=0
(75 mm) P2 = 53.1444 kN (20.43 mm)
P2 = 14.4765 kN
∑ F=0
P = P1 + P 2
P1 = 53.1444 kN – 14.4765 kN
P1 = 38.6679 kN
P1 38.6679(1000)
L1 = = =62.5694 mm ≈ 63 mm
q 618
P2 14.4765(1000)
L2 = = =23.4248 mm ≈ 24 mm
q 618
Design of Welded Connections for Strut Web Members

Pmax = 4.1944 kN
tf = 6mm

q = 103 (6 mm) = 618 N/mm
∑ MP 1=0
(75 mm) P2 = 4.1944 kN (20.43 mm)
P2 = 1.1426 kN
∑ F=0
P = P1 + P 2
P1 = 4.1944 kN – 1.1426 kN
P1 = 3.0518 kN
P1 3.0518(1000)
L1 = = =4.9382 mm ≈ 5 mm
q 618
P2 1.1426( 1000)
L2 = = =1.8489 mm ≈ 2 mm
q 618
Design of Welded Connections for Strut Web Members
Computing the length of side fillet welds

using Pmax = 4.4411 kN
Pmax = 4.4411 kN
tf = 6mm

q = 103t N/mm (for weld, E-70
electrodes)
q = 103 (6 mm) = 618 N/mm
∑ MP 1=0
(50 mm) P2 = 4.4411 kN (14.45
mm)
P2 = 1.2835 kN
∑ F=0
P = P1 + P 2
P1 = 4.4411 kN – 1.2835 kN
P1 = 3.1576 kN
P1 3.1576(1000)
L1 = = =5.1094 mm ≈ 6 mm
q 618
P 1.2835(1000)
L2 = 2 = =2.0769 mm ≈ 3 mm
q 618
DESIGN OF
BASE PLATE
Design of Base Plate
Base Plate Dimensions: Truss Column Details:
Depth = 350 mm Depth = 200 mm
Width = 310 mm Width = 200 mm
1. Compute the nominal axial load Pu 76.222
Pn= = =84.6911kN
using Ø = 0.90 (LRFD) ∅ 0.90
2. Computing the minimum required Using f p=0.35 f 'c ; where f 'c =28 MPa
area of the base plate f p=0.35 ( 28 MPa )
f p=9.8 MPa
P
A=
fp
3. Computing the minimum required 3 6 2
thickness of the base plate 84.6911 ×10 10 mm
A= ×
6 N
2
9.8× 10 2 m
m
A=¿ 8,641.94898 mm²
Assume 350 mm by 310 mm base plate;
A = 108,500 mm²
8,641.94898 mm² < 108,500 mm²
Solving m:
2m + 0.95d = 310 mm
2m + 0.95(200) = 310 mm
m = 60 mm
Solving n:
2n + 0.80b = 350 mm
2n + 0.80(200) = 350 mm
n = 95 mm
'
F p< 0.35 f c
3
84.6911× 10 N
F p=
(310 × 350 ) mm 2
0.7806 MPa< 9.8 MPa
Therefore, use F p=0.7806 MPa
Fp
t=2 ( n )
Fy √
t=2 ( 95 )
t=10.6597 say 12 mm
√
0.7806
248
Adopt: 350 mm x 310 mm base plate with thickness of 12 mm
Base Plate Details

DESIGN OF
BOLTED
CONNECTION
FOR BASE
PLATE
Design of Bolted Connection for Base Plate
Bolt Details
Bolts (A325 Threaded)
Fy = 248 MPa
Fu = 415 MPa
db = 28 mm
Computing the required number of bolts with P = 84.6911 kN
For shear:
Pv = AvFv
Fv = 0.4Fy = 0.4 (248) = 99.2 MPa
( 28 mm )2 π
84.6911 × 10 = (
3
) (n) (99.2MPa)
4
n = 1.3865 say 2 bolts
Bearing of Contact Area:
Pb = AbFb
Fb = 1.2 Fu = 1.2 (415) = 498 MPa
84.6911 × 103 = (28mm) (10mm) (n) (498MPa)
n = 0.6074 say 1 bolt
For the bolted connections, the proponents used four bolts which is the
suggested minimum number for any base plate.
DESIGN OF
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
MEMBERS
Design of Column
Column Dimensions Thickness = 350mm

Width = 350mm
1. Determine PU from STAAD Analysis Pu=115.245 kN
2. Check if the column dimension Pu=0.8 ∅ [ 0.85 f ' c ( A g− A st ) + Ast F y ]

is above minimum required gross 115.245 x 103=0.8(0.65) ¿
section based on the actual load ( A g−0.01 A g ) +( 400)(0.01 A g )¿
carried by the column. A g(required)=8040.96 mm2
Assume 350mm by 350mm column;
2
A g(used) =122,500 mm
2 2
8040.96 mm <122,500 mm
Therefore, column dimension is above
minimum required gross section based on
the actual load carried by the column.
3. Compute the required As A s (required ) < A s=ρ A g =0.01 (122,500 )

2
¿ 1225 mm
Using 16mm bars:
As 1225
N 20= = =6.093 ≈ 7 pieces
A d 201.0619
Use 6-16mm bars
4. Design of ties Use 10∅ mm size of ties

a. 16 d b =16 (16 )=256
b. 48 dt =48 (10 )=480
c. Least lateral column dimension = 300
Therefore, spacing of ties is 256mm.
5. Check Pumax =0.8 ∅ [ 0.85 f ' c ( A g− A st ) + A st F y ]
Pumax =0.8 ( 0.65 ) [ ( 0.85 )( 28 ) ( 122,500−7 ( 201.0619 ) ) + ( ( 400 )( 7 )( 201.0619 ) ) ]

Pumax =1791.3877 kN ; Pumax > Pu
Therefore, column is capable to carry the axial
load.
Adopt: 350mm x 35;0mm

6-16mm ∅ main reinforcement bars
10 mm ∅ ties spaced at 255 mm O.C.
Design of Foundation
Pu = 186.716 kN Depth of concrete, Hconcrete = 400 mm (assumed)

Pservice = 186.716 kN Allowable Bearing Pressure, qa = 133 kPa
concrete cover = 40 mm Depth of soil, Hsoil = 1.5 m
ɣconcrete = 24 kN/m3 Column Dimension = 350 mm x 350 mm
ɣsoil = 18 kN/ m3
Determine the Effective Soil Bearing Capacity
qe = qa – (h × concrete unit weight) – (soil height × soil unit weight)

qe = 133 – (0.8 × 24) – (1.5 × 18)
qe = 86.8 kPa
350 425
Solve for the Dimension of Footing
Pservice
Arequired =
qe
186.716
Arequired =
86.8
Arequired = 2.1511 m2
B2 = 2.1511 m2; B = 1.2 m
Determine the Depth Required for Beam Shear
Pu
qu = 1
B2 Vc = √ f ' c bd
6
186.716 1
qu = Vc = √ 28(1200)d N
(1.2)(1.2) 6
qu = 129.6639 kPa = 0.129664 Vc = 1058.3005 d N
MPa Vu = ϕVc
Vu = qu(A1) 155.5968 (425 – d) = (0.75) (1058.3005 d)
Vu = 0.129664 [1200(425 – d)]
Vu = 155.5968 (425 – d) N
Determine the Depth Required for Punching Shear
bo = 4(350+d)
Vu = qu(A2)
Vu = 0.129664 [12002 – (350 + d)2]
1
Vc = √ f ' c bd
3
1
Vc = √ 28[4(350+d)]d
3
Vc = 7.0553 (350 d + d2)
Vu = ϕVc 350
0.129664 [12002 – (350 + d)2] = 0.75[7.0553(350 d + d2)]
d = 73.0439 mm say 80 mm (governs)
Solve for the Total Depth
350
Hconcrete = d + 1.5db + 75
Hconcrete = 80 + 24 + 75
Hconcrete =179 mm 350 + d
Hconcrete = approx. 180 mm < 400 mm OK
Determine the Steel Area, As and the Required Number, N, of Bars
d = t – c – 0.5 db = 500 – 40 – 0.5(16) = 452 mm

425
Mu = (129.6639) (1.2) ( ) = 33.0643 kN-m
2
Mu (33.0643) ( 106 )
Rn = = = 0.1499 MPa
∅ b d 2 0.9 (1200) (452)2
ρ=
0.85 fc'
fy
(
1.4 1.4
√ 2R
1 - 1- n
0.85 fc'
) =
0.85 (28)
420
(
√
1 - 1-
2( 0.1499 )
0.85 (28)
) = 0.00035804
ρmin = = = 0.00333
fy 420
Use 𝜌 = 0.00333
AS = 𝜌bd = (0.00333) (1200) (452) = 1806.192 mm2
Using 16 mm∅ bars; Ad = 201.0619 mm2

As 1806.192
N= = = 8.9833 pcs. say 9 pcs.
Ad 201.0619
Adopt: 1200 mm by 1200 mm footing

9 – 16 mm ∅ bars (bothways)

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DESIGN LOAD

DESIGN LOADS FOR COVERED COURT

Weight of Corrugated Roofing Sheet 0.1 kPa

Purlins; Use C9x13 4.784 kPa

Mechanical and Electrical Allowances 0.38 kPa

ROOF LIVE LOAD

Table 205-3. Minimum Roof Live Loads.

For roofs with θ>10 °,

From (Section 207 - C207B.3-1 of NSCP 2015)

Using the values,

Where x = velocity factor coefficient, y = height above ground level

Velocity Pressure, q z (Section 207: 207E.3-1 C207B.3-1 of NSCP 2015)

Determining the pressure coefficient, CN from Figure 207E.8-2 of NSCP 2015

L = 17.97 m Purlin spacing = 0.65m

4% (L) = 0.04 (17.97m) = 0.7188m

Since 0.4h > 10% L > 4%L,

Effective Area (Section 207 of NSCP 2015)

Table 1. Pressure Coefficients for Purlins

Table 1. Pressure Coefficients for Truss

Summary of the Design Wind Load for Purlins

Summary of the Design Wind Load for Truss

Dead Load Computation for Seismic Analysis

ASEP Steel Table p. 4-66 L100x100x6

ASEP Steel Table p. 4-68 L100x100x6 ; p. 4-68 L75x75x6

ASEP Steel Table p. 4-66 L50x50x6

Weight of Baseplate = [(7850 × 9.81)/(1000)] (0.00217m 3) (24)

Weight of Purlins = (4.784 kN/m2) (1.514 m2) (14)

Weight of Roof Sheet = (0.1 kN/m2) (903.811 m2)

Total weight of the structure = 365.540 kN

Base Shear Computation

Maximum Base Shear

NSCP 2015 Chp 2 p. 214 208.5.2.1 Design Base Shear (208-10)

Vertical Distribution Force Computation

Summary of the Design Seismic Load

A = 874.73 mm2 Ix = 455 700 mm4

Critical Section of the Top Chord

Computing slenderness ratio using laterally unbraced length of member, L b =

The flexural buckling stress, Fcr, is determined as:

=( 0.658 )(250) = 205.3120 MPa

To determine the area required the formula is given as follow:

From the computation above, L75mmx75mmx6mm high strength steel A-36

Properties of L 100mm x 100mm x 6mm:

A = 1,179.45 mm2 Ix = 1,110.5x103 mm4

Critical Section of the Bottom Chord

To prevent yielding the required gross area is computed as

692.0742 mm2 ≤ 1,179.45 mm2

519.0557 mm2 ≤ 1,179.45 mm2

2 - L 75mm x 75mm x 6mm Properties

A = 875 mm² Ix = 128, 000 mm⁴

Critical Member of Roof Truss

Computing the nominal axial loading using Ø = 0.90 (LFRD)

Design Compression Members

Computing slenderness ratio using laterally unbraced length of member, Lb =

The flexural buckling stress, F cr, is determined as:

To determine the area required the formula is given as follow:

Design of Tension Members

To prevent yielding the required gross area is computed as:

To avoid fracture the required effective net area is computed as:

Properties of L 100mm x 100mm x 6mm:

Critical Member of the Column

Computing slenderness ratio using: laterally unbraced length of member, L b =

The flexural buckling stress, Fcr, is determined as