Encl-3 EAT-11-024 Subsoil and Geotechnical Report PDF

Expert Opinion
with regard to
Subsoil and foundation

(Geotechnical Report)
KCl Industrial Plant

Uyuni - Bolivia
Client: ERCOSPLAN Anlagentechnik GmbH

Arnstädter Straße 28
99096 Erfurt
vgs project no.: 5094
This expert opinion comprises 28 pages, 8 annex complexes and 1 appendix.
Erfurt, 28 February 2014
Dipl.-Ing. M. Kirschstein Dipl.-Geol. S. Schulze

Managing Director Project Geologist
Proj. 5094 Page 2 of 28
KCL Industrial Plant
Bolivia
Table of contents
1. GENERAL FACTS, BUILDING PROJECT AND SUBJECT OF THE EXPERT OPINION ............ 5
2. LOCAL CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................................. 6
3. SUBSOIL EXPLORATION ....................................................................................................................... 8

3.1 EXPLORATION WORK ............................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 GEOPHYSICAL MEASURING ................................................................................................................. 10
3.3 FIELD TESTS ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3.4 LABORATORY ANALYSES .................................................................................................................... 11
4. SUBSOIL CONDITIONS ......................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 GEOLOGICAL SITUATION ..................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 SUBSOIL STRATA, LAYER PROPERTIES ................................................................................................. 14
4.3 RESULTS FROM GEOPHYSICAL MEASURING ......................................................................................... 17
4.4 SOIL, ROCK CLASSES ........................................................................................................................... 18
4.5 COMPUTED VALUES ............................................................................................................................ 19
4.6 GROUND WATER CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................. 20
5. CONCLUSIONS WITH REGARD TO FOUNDATION ENGINEERING ......................................... 21
5.1 GENERAL FACTS ................................................................................................................................. 21
5.2 RECOMMENDATION FOR FOUNDATIONS .............................................................................................. 22
6. REMARKS................................................................................................................................................. 28
Document and source register

Project-related documents and sources
UP 1 Offers of vgs from 20 September 2013
UP 2 ERCOSPLAN order from 21 March 2013
UP 3 Outline map of Oruro, Potosi, Sajama, Salar de Uyuni, Lgna, Colorada, scale:
1:1,000,000
UP 4 ERCOSPLAN Anlagentechnik: Layout plan of planning and details of building project
(digital)
UP 5 Pozo de exploracion rge – 001, Escala 1:150
UP 6 Schmidt, N.: Hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations at the Salar de Uyuni
(Bolivia) with regard to the extraction of lithium. – TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 2010,
Vol. 26
UP 7 Comibol Bolivia: Relacion de coordenadas puntos de perforacion. – 1/2014
____________________________________________________________________________
vgs INGENIEURE Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH EN 5094_g01-3.doc
Arnstädter Str. 28  99096 Erfurt
Telephone 0361/78934-0  Fax 0361/78934-56  E-mail: vgs@vgs-ing.de
Bolivia
Construction-related documents and sources

UT 1 Handbuch [manual] DIN EN 1997-1:2009-09, Eurocode 7: Entwurf, Berechnung und
Bemessung in der Geotechnik - Teil 1: [Draft, calculation and measurement in geo-
technical engineering - Part 1:] Allgemeine Regeln, einschließlich Nationaler Anhang
[General rules including national annex] DIN EN 1997-1/NA:2010-12 and DIN
1054:2010-12, Baugrund - Sicherheitsnachweise im Erd- und Grundbau – ergänzende
Regelungen zu [Subsoil - safety analyses in soil and foundation engineering - supple-
mentary rules to] DIN EN 1997-1
UT 2 Handbuch [manual] DIN EN 1997-1:2010-10, Eurocode 7: Entwurf, Berechnung und
Bemessung in der Geotechnik - Teil 2: [Draft, calculation and measurement in geo-
technical engineering - Part 2:] Erkundung und Untersuchung des Baugrunds, ein-
schließlich Nationaler Anhang [Exploration and examination of the subsoil, including
national annex] DIN EN 1997-2/NA:2010-12 and DIN 4020:2010-12, Geotechnische
Untersuchungen für bautechnische Zwecke - ergänzende Regelungen zu [Geotechnical
investigations for constructional purposes - supplementary rules to] DIN EN 1997-2
UT 3 GSHAP: Global Seismic Hazard Map. – Zurich 1999
List of tables
Tab. 1: ERCOSPLAN planning activities .............................................................................. 5
Tab. 2: Corner coordinates in the exploration area................................................................. 7
Tab. 3: Potosi annual climate table ......................................................................................... 8
Tab. 4: Core drilling ............................................................................................................... 8
Tab. 5: Light dynamic probing ............................................................................................... 9
Tab. 6: Laboratory tests ........................................................................................................ 11
Tab. 7: Columnar section...................................................................................................... 13
Tab. 8: Intermediate strata in stratum 4 (from hanging wall to footwall)............................. 16
Tab. 9: Assignment of shear-wave velocities to the strata complexes ................................. 17
Tab. 10: Soil and rock classes ............................................................................................ 18
Tab. 11: Computed values .................................................................................................. 19
Tab. 12: Underground model .............................................................................................. 21
Tab. 13: Building ground model ......................................................................................... 26
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Bolivia
List of annexes
A1 Layout plans
A 1.1 General map of South America
A 1.2 Layout plan - scale 1:100,000 (extract of UP - undisturbed sample - 3)
A 1.3 Exploration and survey plan - scale 1:.500 (as per UP - undisturbed sample 4)
A2 Results of field exploration
A 2.0 Columnar section
A 2.1 Drilling and light percussion penetration probing (9 pages)
A 2.2 Light percussion penetration probing (6 pages)
A 2.3 Plate load tests (2 pages)
A3 Laboratory results
A 3.1 Water content determination (4 pages)
A 3.2 Water content distribution (1 page)
A 3.3 Identification of mineralogical composition (1 page)
A 3.4 Salt analyses (3 pages)
A 3.5 Results of unconfined and three-axial compressive strength tests (56 pages)
A4 Core photos (9 pages)
A5 Interpolations
A 5.1 Salt crust thickness – stratum 1
A 5.2 Clay mud thickness – stratum 2
A 5.3 Rock salt surface I – stratum 3
A 5.4 Clay surface – stratum 4 T1
A 5.5 Clay thickness – stratum 4
A 5.6 Rock salt surface II – stratum 5
A 5.7 Brine level below upper ground level
A6 Photo documentation of sample field
A 6.1 Excavation and stone filling (2 pages)
A 6.2 Soil exchange (2 pages)
A 6.3 Sub-concrete installation (1 page)
A7 Wet Salt Storage settlement calculation (2 pages)
A8 Foundation diagrams
A 8.1 Strip foundations on upper edge level of foundation bed
A 8.2 Independent foundations on upper edge level of foundation bed
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Bolivia
Appendix:
Geophysical result report: 2D surface seismic data (MASW) with energy excitation by stroke
of hammer. – analytec GmbH, Chemnitz-Mittelbach, 28 February 2014
1. GENERAL FACTS, BUILDING PROJECT AND SUBJECT OF THE EXPERT

OPINION
ERCOSPLAN Anlagentechnik GmbH from Erfurt is planning the construction of a
KCl factory on the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia for the Bolivian mining company of GNRE-
Comibol.
This factory is a production plant for potassic fertilizers.
The factory premises location extends over an area of 500 x 500 m and is situated on the Salar
de Uyuni salt lake.
In this area, ERCOSPLAN is planning the buildings / plants indicated in the table here below.
Tab. 1: ERCOSPLAN planning activities
Length x Height [m] Foundation Other activities
width
[m]
2 distribution tow- 30.5 x 9.5 24 and/or Armoured concrete
ers 22.5 x 9.5 15.5 foundation
Process building 110 x 85 up to 36 Floor slab Strut-braced steel-
support structure
Transformer sub- 40 x 15 18 Floor slab Brick-built building as
station annex to process build-
ing
Wet salt storage 150 x 40 approx. 26 Foundation plates, in Roof and gable walls of
central area without trapezoidal sheet metal
any stabilization of or PVC slabs
earthwork
Product storage 150 x 40 approx. 26 Foundation plates, in Roof and gable walls of
central area without trapezoidal sheet metal
any stabilization of or PVC slabs
earthwork
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Bolivia
Length x Height [m] Foundation Other activities

width
[m]
Truck loading 30 x 7 Foundation plate
station
Truck unloading 10* Foundation plate
station
Works streets up to 7 m Asphalt
in width
*…Retaining wall height
Moreover, ERCOSPLAN Anlagentechnik GmbH from Erfurt is planning the conveyor belt
lines and the rainwater drainage system.
vgs INGENIEURE Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH was commissioned to prepare a subsoil
expertise for the building projects mentioned above, which includes the following:
- Characterization of local conditions,

- Description of subsoil conditions,
- Classification of ground strata according to soil types, soil classes,
- Determining geo-technical engineering parameters, characteristics with regard to con-
struction technology,
- Conclusions with regard to foundation technology for the construction of the plants to
be planned by ERCOSPLAN
- Recommendations and advice for the execution of the construction
2. LOCAL CONDITIONS
This construction project is located in South America, in Bolivia.
The location to be investigated is situated in the southeast of the country on the Altplano in
the heart of the Andes Mountains, on the Uyuni (Salar de Uyuni) salt lake in the district of
Potosi, to the northwest of the Rio Grande river estuary (cf. Annex 1).
The dried out salt lake Salar de Uyuni (el salar is the Spanish word for salt place) is consid-
ered the largest salt desert in the world with an area of more than 10,500 km², even exceeding
the Utah desert size (U.S.A.). It represents a basin without draining off. It emerged over
100,000 years ago by the drying out of the Tauca paleo-lake (source: Wikipedia). The thick-
ness of the deposits amounts to more than 100 m, which results from drill holes for deposit
exploration which were possible to be visited on-site in the course of current exploration ac-
tivities. TU Freiberg publications mention a drill hole showing a thickness of 180 m of alter-
nating strata of salt and clay.
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Bolivia
Drilling activities on the salt lake, Geophysical measurements (seismology)

location of the planned KCL factory
Tab. 2: Corner coordinates in the exploration area

Corners Northing value Easting value
SW corner 7 723 500 N 670 400 E
NW corner 7 724 000 N 670 400 E
NE corner 7 724 000 N 670 900 E
SE corner 7 723 500 N 670 900 E
The exploration area may be accessed from the north east through unsurfaced traffic routes
(on saline crust) or via paved routes (compacted/ stabilized salt grit above stone fillings) from
the south. The location's minimum distance from the shore of the salt lake is about 15 km to-
wards the south/ south-west.
The average terrain level amounts to 3,660 m of absolute height in the examined area. Apart
from negligibly low variations (≤ 10 cm), the terrain is fully even.
The plateaus of salt grit, thrown up to carry out the drilling operations reach up to 55 cm, at
maximum, above the Salar surface.
The climate in the Salar de Uyuni region is arid (from the Latin word aridus: dry, barren), i. e.
the potential evaporation exceeds the precipitations of the region. This results in a low atmos-
pheric humidity. A cold wind is blowing throughout the year. Only from November to March
(rainy season), noteworthy precipitations between 20 and 45 mm per month will come down.
During the remaining eight months, only sporadic rainfalls occur in negligible quantities. The
region's average annual temperature amounts to almost 9 °C. The average monthly tempera-
tures vary between 5 °C in June/July and 11 °C from November to March. Whereas tempera-
tures may indeed reach values around 20 °C during the day, they will fall distinctly below 0
°C in Winter (April to October) quite often.
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Bolivia
Tab. 3: Potosi annual climate table
Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Temperature (max.) [°C] 19 18 18 17 16 13 12 14 16 18 19 19
Temperature (min.) [°C] 4 4 3 1 -3 -5 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4
Sunshine hours [h] 7 8 7 8 9 9 10 10 10 9 9 9
Rainy days [d] 12 11 10 3 1 1 0 1 2 3 5 10
Precipitations [mm] 77 81 54 10 4 2 1 4 9 14 26 60
According to local information, approx. 20 cm to 30 cm

of water cover the salt lake during the rainy season.
3. SUBSOIL EXPLORATION
3.1 Exploration work

To determine the subsoil conditions, Maldonado Explorationes carried out a total of 9 core
drillings and vgs INGENIEURE executed 47 light dynamic probing tests (DPL) at the site.
Refer to detailed information in the subsequent table.
Tab. 4: Core drilling
lfd. Nr. Bezeichnung Teufe [m] Datum
1 CD1 6,36 13.11.2013

2 CD2 30,00 10.11.2013
3 CD3 5,60 07.11.2013
4 CD4 28,00 04.11.2013
5 CD5 6,10 08.11.2013
6 CD6 5,40 08.11.2013
7 CD7 30,00 09.11.2013
8 CD8 6,00 12.11.2013
9 CD9 5,67 12.11.2013
Summe: 123,13
The core drillings were positioned at the corners of the planned buildings. In addition, light
drop-penetration tests (DPL) were distributed over the whole area in the form of a grid and
carried out at the locations of coring.
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Bolivia
Tab. 5: Light dynamic probing
lfd. Nr. Bezeichnung Teufe [m] Datum Firma

1 DPL A1 1,40
2 DPL A2 1,40
3 DPL A3 0,90
4 DPL A4 1,00
5 DPL A5 0,90
6 DPL A6 0,80
11.11.2013
7 DPL B1 0,90
8 DPL B2 0,80
9 DPL B3 0,90
10 DPL B4 0,90
11 DPL B5 0,90
12 DPL B6 1,10
13 DPL C1 1,21
14 DPL C2 0,90
15 DPL C3 0,90
16 DPL C4 1,00
17 DPL C5 0,90
18 DPL C6 1,20
19 DPL D1 1,00
20 DPL D2 0,90
21 DPL D3 1,00
22 DPL D4 0,90
23 DPL D5 0,90
24 DPL D6 0,90 vgs
25 DPL E1 1,10 12.11.2013
26 DPL E2 1,00
27 DPL E3 0,90
28 DPL E4 1,00
29 DPL E5 1,00
30 DPL E6 1,10
31 DPL F1 1,00
32 DPL F2 1,00
33 DPL F3 1,00
34 DPL F4 1,00
35 DPL F5 0,80
36 DPL F6 1,00
37 DPL C1 5,50
38 DPL C2 4,80 10.11.2013
39 DPL C3 5,80 07.11.2013
40 DPL C4 6,00 04.11.2013
41 C4a 1,00 04.11.2013
42 C4b 1,10 04.11.2013
43 DPL C5 5,55 08.11.2013
44 DPL C6 5,80 08.11.2013
45 DPL C7 5,70 09.11.2013
46 DPL C8 5,30 12.11.2013
47 DPL C9 5,80 12.11.2013
Summe: 87,86
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Light dynamic probing was staked out by the Comibol company's surveyors, in a grid of 100 x
100 m. Comibol also surveyed the drill holes with regard to their positions and heights.
See prospective drilling plan in Annex 1.3 for the position of the drills.
The drill logs are documented in Annex 2. Annex 4 contains the drilling core photos.
3.2 Geophysical measuring

Due to the exploration area's size of 25 ha, the analytec Dr. Steinhau GmbH company from
Chemnitz-Mittelbach carried out seismic surveys of the areas and depths over a total length of
4,652 m (without any test measurements on 4 November 2013) (cf. also Appendix) to sub-
stantiate the direct drilling results.
9 logs were measured in this process:
- 6 logs with 524 m of length each in west–east direction.
- 3 logs (524 m and 2 x 172 m in length) in north-south direction.
24 geophones were distributed for each spread, with a spacing of 4 m as well as a 4 m shot
point distance, for an evaluation of P-waves (seismic refractions) and surface waves (shear-
wave seismic evaluations). Measurement profile 7 (N-S direction) was measured again, in
addition, over the whole length, with spreads of 48 vertical-vibration 4.5 Hz geophones, as
well as also 48 horizontal-vibration geophones, distributed over a partial distance, and an ex-
citation of shear waves.
The investigation depth of surface wave seismic data (24 geophones) amounted to at least
20 m, as well as to more than 30 m for seismic refraction results (48 geophones). It has to be
taken into account that the resolution of the geophysical measurements is only starting from
approx. half of the geophone distances, i.e. from approx. 2 m in this case.
3.3 Field tests

When the sampling field was prepared, two soil bearing capacity measurements were carried
out by means of a static plate-loading pressure test at the level of the upper edge of the com-
pensation layer of gravel sand, with a plate diameter of 30 cm, as per DIN 18134.
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Bolivia
Static plate-loading pressure test on exchanged soil
The results of the plate-load tests are indicated in Annex 2.3.
3.4 Laboratory analyses

47 disturbed and 45 undisturbed samples were taken from the drilling tests (for concrete re-
sults see Annex 2). The sections show the samples according to their extraction depths. The
designation of the probes starts, e.g., with a „GP“ for a disturbed sample („UP“ = undisturbed
sample), followed by the vgs project number and, e.g., CD1 for core drilling number 1. The
respective sample depths result from the exploratory boring logs.
The vgs construction-site laboratory already subjected selected samples to water content anal-
yses of clay and peat strata on-site on the salt lake. K-UTEC Sondershausen carried out min-
eralogical salt analyses and the Institut für Geotechnik [Geotechnical Institute] of the
Bergakademie Freiberg [Freiberg Mining Academy] subjected salt cores to unconfined and
three-axial compressive strength tests.
Tab. 6: Laboratory tests
Running
Nature of testing Regulation Number
no.
1 Water content DIN 18 121, T 1 47
2 Salt analysis XRD 1
3 Chemical salt analysis DIN EN ISO 11885
DIN 38405.D1-2
DIN 38405-D5-2 2
DIN 38406-E5
DIN EN 1484
4 DGGT [German Society of
Unconfined compressive strength test Geotechnology] recommenda- 5
tion no. 1
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Bolivia
Running
Nature of testing Regulation Number
no.
5 DGGT [German Society of
Three-axial compressive strength tests Geotechnology] recommenda- 7
tion no. 2
The laboratory reports and analysis results are indicated in Annex 3.
4. SUBSOIL CONDITIONS
4.1 Geological situation

The Salar de Uyuni is the largest salt desert in the world, covering more than 10,500 km². It
is located on the elevated tableland of Altiplano, which spreads across the Andes from south-
east Peru to western Bolivia. This elevated plain represents a plateau closed in all directions,
between the eastern and the western mountain range of the Andes Besides the Salar de Uyuni,
it also comprises the Titicaca lake (3,808 m) located towards the north, the high saline Poopo
lake (3,686 m) in the east and the Salar de Coipasa (3,656 m) in the west. The south of the
Altiplano is home to individual volcanoes of heights up to 6,000 m.
According to UP6, 12 salt strata altogether, separated by 11 clay horizons, were proven to
exist, in a 121 m deep bore hole which was sunk in the central region of the Salar de Uyuni in
1986. Several of our own visits to exploration drill holes from the close vicinity of the inves-
tigation site also allow for assuming depths of the lake of more than 100 m. The basis of the
basin was not yet reached respectively at these depths. The alternation of salt and clay strata is
due to the constantly changing climatic conditions in the past. In the late Pleistocene Period,
the Salar de Uyuni, together with the Salar Coipasa and the Poopo lake, were part of the huge
epicontinental sea Minchin, of the Andes (with a water surface level at approx. 3,730 m). The
sediment strata attributed to this era, are to be found at depths of approx. 15 – 35 m below the
upper ground level today. After Minchin had dried out, the last large internal sea formed, the
so-called Tauca lake (water surface level at approx. 3,780 m), owing to renewed heavy rain-
falls. The uppermost salt strata (< 15 m depth) represent relics of this inland sea, merely su-
perposed by comparably thin deposits resulting from materials dissolved in rain and surface
water (Rio Grande).
The amount of salt in the Salar de Uyuni is estimated at approx. ten billion tons. Annually,
approx. 25,000 tons are extracted today from this. They mainly consist of rock salt (halite,
approx. 92.2 %) with low proportions of gypsum. Polyhalite, carnallite and sylvine also occur
in small quantities. Moreover, the Salar is considered as one of the largest lithium deposits
worldwide.
The lacustrine clay horizons mainly comprise carbonates and gypsum, apart from fine-grained
material of volcanic origin (biotite, muscovite, illite, quartz and similar materials).
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Bolivia
Significant differences exist between the compacted, cemented salt crust at the lake's surface
and halite strata sitting deeper - with regard to size and distribution of pores as well as the
formation of halite crystals. This inhomogeneity results from the cycle of dissolution (rainy
season) and precipitation (dry season) which keeps repeating itself. At the beginning of the
rainy season, the rainfall which is low in minerals is seeping through the salt crust until it
reaches the brine level in the underground. During this process, the halite crystals are etched
and/or dissolved. Cavities occur from dissolution. When the dry period comes up, the water
layer evaporates very fast above the salt crust due to the heavy sun irradiation. The salt con-
centration rises until oversaturation so that halite lenses will form on the "water" surface in the
end. They sink after a short time and are superposed by new dropped out substances. As soon
as the surface dries out again, it cements itself in addition, due to the evaporation of brine ris-
ing by capillary activity. This process in turn, leads to a supersaturation of brine in the under-
ground. Cubical halite crystals are now growing into the cavities formed by dissolution during
the rainy season.
The porosity of the lower salt deposits varies between 15 and 30 % as indicated by UP6.
In the direct investigation area, the columnar section here below was found.
Tab. 7: Columnar section
Stratum Designation Mean Mean thick-

depth ness [m]
from - to
[m]
1 Salt crust Halitacostra 0.0 - 0.3 0.26
2 Clay mud Limo 0.3 - 0.8 0.55
3 Rock salt I Halita I 0.6 - 5.1 4.27
4 Clay Arcilla 5.1 - 26.6 21.44

Intermediate strata in stratum 4 - clay
G Gypsum Gypsum 6.2 - 7.0 0.40
4T1 Peat, arsenical Asenica 5.1 - 5.2 0.11
4T2 15.4 - 15.7 0.27
4T3 17.1 - 17.2 0.10
4T4 25.8 - 26.05 0.26
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Bolivia
4S1 Rock salt inter- Halita- 12.2 - 12.5 0.33

stratification intercalados
4S2 14.0 - 15.2 1.18
5 Rock salt II Halita II from 26.6 >4m
The lacustrine sediment stratum below the salt (lake deposits) is characterized by a high con-
tent of insoluble minerals (clay).
As per (UT3), Bolivia is located in an area of moderate seismic risk. The geologists of the
Comibol company working on-site also categorize it in this way (their verbal statement: "rare
earthquakes and not really heavy") without actually quantifying it. The Andes, one of the
mightiest mountain ranges of the earth, emerged from an encounter of the South American
and the Nazca Plate. The latter still today drifts under the South American Plate, which leads
to earthquakes.
Internet research shows that there are comparably frequent earthquakes of a magnitude of up
to approx. 5.0 in the area around the Salar de Uyuni. Although we are not able to verify this,
diverse sources on the Internet allow for the conclusion that advisory notes or requirements
imposed under building law in Bolivia indicate to take into account earthquakes up to a mag-
nitude of 7.5.
However, especially as there is a possibility of the Andes to "get caught up" in the transpres-
sion zones, a larger hazard of stronger earthquakes near the surface results from this. A report
in the specialist magazine "Nature Geoscience" from the year 2011 does not exclude earth-
quakes of a magnitude of 8.7 to 8.9 in the east of the Bolivian Andes.
4.2 Subsoil strata, layer properties

Based on the geological engineering situation of the subsoil drill sampling carried out and its
interpretation, 5 strata, respectively, with a similar soil mechanical/ foundation/ soil engineer-
ing behaviour are distinguished at the site.
Stratum 1: Salt crust

Stratum 2: Clay mud
Stratum 3: Rock salt I
Stratum 4: Clay
Stratum 5: Rock salt II
Stratum 1: Salt crust

Stratum 1 represents the layer at the surface under natural conditions.
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Bolivia
It consists of mainly solid (hard), medium to coarse grained mineral salt from white to grey
and partly brownish colour. The grains are angular. In certain places, worn out zones and thin
clayey/ sandy strata occur.
The prospected average thickness amounts to 0.26 m (0.1 - 0.3 m).
At the layer's base level, large idiomorphic salt crystals occur which are growing into stratum
2 below.
Stratum 2: Clay mud

The layer referred to as clay mud was found spreading over an area at an average depth of
0.26 m. Its mean thickness is 0.55 m (0.3 – 1.1 m). On average, the layer's base is located at
0.8 m under the upper edge level of the saline crust.
It is an organic and distinctively ductile clay. A strong (musty) smell of hydrogen sulphide is
characteristic for it. Stratum 2 has a soft, rarely soft-stiff consistency. Dispersed rock salt crys-
tals in mm to cm sizes are intercalated in the clay.
Their colour varies from brown to black. Yellowish striae occur in certain places, indicating a
certain arsenic content.
Stratum 3: Rock salt I

Under layer 3, an upper mineral salt horizon with a mean thickness of 4.27 m (3.9 – 4.8 m)
and an average lower edge level of 5.1 m below the upper edge level of the salt crust occurs
over an area in a mean depth of 0.8 m.
Rock salt is a sedimentary rock, formed by chemical sedimentation / evaporation from saline
waters. It is a mono-mineral rock material, consisting of halite (sodium chloride), apart from
small proportions of other salt minerals . A sample from CD3 (depth of 1 m) proved to con-
tain 87% of halite. Moreover, 2.4 % of gypsum, 1,8 % of carnallite and approx. 1% of kainite
occur (cf. Annex 3.3). The proportion of insoluble materials is negligibly low.
Rock salt is mostly clear, colourless (in its pure form) or grey (clay), red (haematite), brown
(bitumen, org. substance). (In its pure form) it may be fully dissolved in water which has a low
mineral content. Its true density amounts to 2.165 g/cm3. Rock salt may still be craved with a
finger nail (2 on Mohs hardness scale). It mainly occurs massive (tough) and/or grained. Cubi-
cal crystals with strong glassy lustre are characteristic for it.
In spite of its minor superposition by other layers, the salt in layer 3 is compacted and only
shows a comparably low porosity. This is presumably due to the influence of surface waters
and the repeated leaching processes related to it.
A white to grey-white matrix contains transparent, "sugar-grained" [granular and friable] hal-
ite crystals. The salt may take on a brown-black colour (due to the influence of organic mate-
rials) at its top and base. The salt is predominantly solid, only occasionally it is interrupted by
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Bolivia
friable strata. Generally, a large homogeneity is found in this upper salt horizon, clayey con-
taminations are rare.
Stratum 4: Clay
Stratum 4 – clay – with its upper edge level at 5.1 m on average (4.5 – 5.7 m) is located in-
between mineral salt horizon I and II. This clay - in an extended sense of the word - has a
thickness between 21.0 and 21.8 m. On average, the layer's base is located at 26.6 m under the
upper edge levels of the saline crust.
This is a medium to distinctly ductile, occasionally fine-sandy clay with irregularly intercalat-
ed salt grit and crystals of varying amounts.
At its top and base - it has a stiff consistency, rarely it is half stiff - half solid. However, the
clay predominantly occurs in a soft consistency.
The clay has a grey colour, with greyish green and/or reddish brown/ brown veining.
Several strata, functioning as key horizons, are intercalated in the clay. They will be described
in more detail here below.
Tab. 8: Intermediate strata in stratum 4 (from hanging wall to footwall)
Designation Upper edge level [m] Thickness [m]
4T1 (peat 1) 5.08 0.11
(4.5 – 5.7) (0.05 – 0.16)
4G (gypsum) 6.6 0.4
(6.25 – 7.0) (0.3 – 0.5)
4S1 (rock salt stratum 12.2 0.33
1) (11.7 – 12.5) (0.14 – 0.55)
4S2 (rock salt stratum 14.0 1.18
2) (13.9 – 14.1) (1.0 – 1.45)
4T2 (peat 2) 15.4 0.27
(14.9 – 15.8) (0.13 – 0.54)
4T3 (peat 3) 17.1 0.1
(16.6 – 17.3) (0.06 – 0.17)
4T4 (peat 4) 25.8 0.26
(25.6 – 26.0) (0.19 – 0.3)
"Peat" is a summary designation of organic strata which have a strong smell of hydrogen sul-
phide/ garlic.
The major part of the organic material is heavily decomposed. Plant residues only occur rare-
ly. The "peat" has thin veining of clay and salt grit. The colouring varies between grey, green-
ish grey and brown with white stains and yellow striae.
A specific feature worth mentioning is the occurrence of arsenic, hence the Bolivian name of
the stratum: “Arsenico”. Arsenic has a strong affinity to organic, peaty matter. The so-called
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Bolivia
yellow arsenic crystallizes from carbon bisulphide (nonmetal). It is metastable and produces
an unpleasant garlic-like smell.
The consistency of the peat strata is predominantly soft, rarely soft-stiff.
At approx. 6.6 m depth, a very hard stratum with an average thickness of 40 cm was found as
key horizon. This is a gypsum layer (CaSO4 x 2 H2O) with little halite and minor traces of
quartz (cf. Annex 3.4).
Moreover, two prominent rock salt insertions occur. The occurrence of further rock salt strata
which do not represent any consistent horizons and which have a minor thickness is possible
(cf. bore hole CD 2). In contrast to mineral salt horizons I and II, the salt is heavily contami-
nated by clay and partly polluted by fine sands here. The clay intercalations concentrate on
nodules, lenses and thin strata. The clay is distinctly ductile with a mostly soft consistency.
The rock salt is medium to coarse grained and has a whitish grey colour.
Stratum 5: Rock salt II

Below layer 4, rock salt II occurs as a mighty lower rock salt horizon over an area with a mean
depth of 26.6 m. It was not possible to be penetrated by a final drilling depth of 30 m. The
solid and very solid rock salt occurs in a medium to coarse grained consistency. It has a white
to transparent appearance. Occasionally, cm to dm thick clay strata or mm thick clay nodules
may be intercalated. A sample from CD7 proved to have a halite content of 90 %. 6 % of gyp-
sum and 0.6 % of carnallite are represented. The proportion of insoluble material amounts to
1.7 % (cf. Annex 3.3).
4.3 Results from geophysical measuring

The geophysical measurements were carried out as seismic measurements. Therefore a sepa-
rate report is enclosed with this expert opinion in Appendix 1.
For genetic reasons, the analysed area distinguishes itself by its high homogeneity of strata
formation and thickness in the soil subgrade. Both the results of core drilling and seismic
evaluation confirm this.
Thus the so-called three-strata case presents itself in all velocity-depth sections. Moreover,
only low lateral variations of shear wave velocities occur within the individual horizons. The
three decisive strata complexes form two bands with higher velocity (mineral salt) and a zone
located in-between, with lower velocities (clay complex with thin peat, gypsum and rock salt
intercalations).
Tab. 9: Assignment of shear-wave velocities to the strata complexes
Material Shear-wave velocity vs [m/s]
Upper mineral salt deposit (rock salt
600 - 700
I)
Clay complex 300 - 400
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Bolivia
Lower mineral salt deposit (rock salt
> 600
II)
The approx. 20 cm thick salt crust at the ground surface and the clay mud following it until
slightly less than 1 m do not appear as a separate velocity band, for methodological reasons.
The computing algorithm for evaluation makes the strata boundary between the salt deposits
and the clay complex not appear as a distinct dividing line in the vertical sections. This line
needs to be situated in the transitional area between the velocity maximum and the gradient
zone of the vertical velocity distribution after referring to the core drill strata records for ad-
justment.
Lateral variations of the calculated shear wave velocities within the upper salt horizon and the
clay strata complex may be caused by local modifications of the bed sequence (e.g. slender
salt deposits in the clay) or changing water contents or consistencies of the clay soils (e.g.
from too stiff or to too soft).
The identified shear-wave velocity depth sections do not yield any information about any con-
siderable changes of the subsoil strata between the drilling points. The subgrade model de-
rived from the drilling and sounding with only slight variations in thickness and depth level of
the material homogeneous strata of rock salt I, clay and rock salt II, amounting to few centi-
metres and/or decimetres, may be applied to the whole building area of 25 ha. No indications
of local significant modifications (not covered by drilling) may be derived from the results of
the surface-wave seismic measurements
4.4 Soil, rock classes

The soil undergoes a classification as per VOB, part C, DIN 18300, section 2.2, when being
detached and not after loading, transport or any possible intermediate storage.
The layers are assigned to characteristics of soil mechanics and classifications described here-
under and/or summed up in tables based on the results of field investigations, laboratory anal-
yses of soil mechanics as well as analogue and/or empirical values.
Tab. 10: Soil and rock classes
Soil/ rock classes
Nature of soil DIN 18300
Horizon 1:salt crust 7

Horizon 2:clay mud 4 (2)
Horizon 3:rock salt I 7
Horizon 4: clay 4
Horizon 5: rock salt II 7
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Bolivia
* Horizons made sodden (pasty consistency) which fall under soil class 2 – flowing types of soil – were not
found during prospecting and represent a low probability under natural conditions. It needs to be
made sure that no transition in a pulpy state may occur due to improper earth-moving. The initial state
shall be binding for accounting purposes.
4.5 Computed values

The horizons are assigned to the computed values in table 11 based on the results of field and
laboratory analyses, empirical values and/or recognized relationships based on correlation.
These represent characteristic values Xk as contemplated by DIN EN 1997-1:2009-09. The
characteristic value of a geotechnical parameter represents a conservative estimate of the val-
ue which is applied in the limit state, according to this regulation. To determine the design
value for geotechnical parameters (Xd), the characteristic values have to be divided by partial
safety factors M as per DIN EN 1997-1:2009-09, NDP, table A2.2.
The characteristic values describe the mechanical properties of the strata in their explored
state.
According to DIN 1054:2010-12, the stiffness of the soil and rock in limit state GEO-2 and in
the serviceability limit state (SLS) may be determined by characteristic values in the form of
conservative estimates of the mean values of stiffness parameters and/or by upper and lower
characteristic values of stiffness parameters. In cases of doubt, calculate with upper and lower
characteristic values (taking into account the concrete task and boundary conditions). Use the
indicated constrained modulus in the sense of the mean compression modulus representative
for settlement computation (here determined by empirical and laboratory test values) and not
to be translated in other stiffness moduli by including moduli of sliding movement or any oth-
er correction values. In programmes offering the possibility of entering such transverse elon-
gation ratio, this sliding movement coefficient has to be set at zero for this reason.
Tab. 11: Computed values

Effective
angle of Effective Constrained
Stra- Specific properties shearing cohesion
Specific gravities
modulus
tum Designation and/or boundary condi- resistance
tions
no. k´ ck´ k k´ Esk (min/max)
[°] [kN/m2] [kN/m3] [kN/m3] [MN/m2]
15
1 Salt crust 28 10 21 11
(10 – -30)
20 8 17 8 2
2 Clay mud soft on average (2 – 4)
12
3 Rock salt I 28 15 19 10
(10 – -50)
8
4 Clay soft on average 24 10 20 10
(6 – -12)
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Bolivia
Effective
angle of Effective Constrained
Stra- Specific properties shearing cohesion
Specific gravities
modulus
tum Designation and/or boundary condi- resistance
tions
no. k´ ck´ k k´ Esk (min/max)
[°] [kN/m2] [kN/m3] [kN/m3] [MN/m2]
30
5 Rock salt II 30 20 19 10
(20 – 80)
4.6 Ground water conditions

In order to understand its specific hydrological conditions, the Salar de Uyuni is to be consid-
ered as part of the whole, more or less connected Altiplano system.
The Titicaca lake, this system's highest elevation, with an area of more than 8,300 km² and a
maximum depth of 300 m, always used to be the largest water-filled basin of the Altiplano. It
has numerous tributaries from the western, northern and eastern Andes. The Rio Desaguadero
forms its effluent in the south. However, only approx. 4.5 % of the water fed in run off at the
surface, the largest part of it (about 90 %) evaporates. The Rio Desaguadero feeds the Poopo
lake. In contrast to the Titicaca lake, the Poopo lake has no run-off. About 98 % of the inflow-
ing water evaporates which leads to a salt concentration which is 30 times higher than in the
Titicaca lake.
No direct link exists between the hydrological system in the north of the Altiplano and the one
in the south. The Salar de Coipasa has a number of affluents from the northern and western
direction (e. g. the Rio de Lauca). There is no above-ground connection to the Salar de Uyuni.
However, an underground connection is highly probable, especially after the heavy rainfalls
during the rainy season, especially since the surrounding young volcanic sediments have good
permeability characteristics. Similar to the Salar de Uyuni, the Salar de Coipasa also has a salt
crust.
The delta of the Rio Grande located in the south represents the only surface water tributary of
the Salar de Uyuni. During the rainy season, the salt crust may be covered by several decime-
tres of water in local places. Approximately from the end of June to the start of the pluvial
phase in early December, the Salar is dry on its surface. The Salars de Uyuni's brine water
level was identified to occur at a mean depth of 14 cm in all surveyed sections in November
2013. Apart from the muddy banks and individual water eyes (“ojos”), even trucks may drive
on the hard salt crust during the dry period.
All pores of the salt and also the ones in the clay horizons are filled with brine. This highly
concentrated lye mainly consists of sodium and chloride ions as well as high contents of lithi-
um, magnesium, calcium and boron.
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Bolivia
5. CONCLUSIONS WITH REGARD TO FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
5.1 General facts

The foundations of the facilities to be built, partly with comparably high loads, are planned to
be spread footing in the form of heavily armoured floor slabs or reinforced strip footing slabs.
In the clay mud horizon below the thin salt crust, the subgrade (on average up to 0.8 m below
ground level) is only able to support little load and is very workable. Rock salt stratum I fol-
lows below and is a comparably firm horizon with an average thickness of 4.3.
Subsequently, a horizon occurs with a medium thickness of approx. 18 m, of predominantly
soft and therefore little bearing / rather ductile clay, sitting on a firm, well bearing and little
workable rock salt stratum II, in a depth of approx. 26.6 m.
The subgrade conditions are very homogeneous, so that a uniform subsoil model applies to the
full examined site which may represent a basis to all facilities to be built.
The following subsurface model applies:

Tab. 12: Underground model
stratum Designation Upper edge level of Lower edge level of Thickness

stratum stratum
[m]
[m be- Absolute [m below Absolute
low height upper height
upper ground
ground level]
level]
1 Salt crust 0.00 3,660.00 -0.26 3,659.74 0.26
2 Clay mud - 0.25 3,659.74 -0.81 3,659.19 0.55
3 Rock salt I - 0.81 3,659.19 -5.11 3,654.89 4.30
4 Clay - 5.11 3,654.89 -26.61 3,633.39 21.5
5 Rock salt II -26.61 3,633.39 n.e. - -

n.e. = not explored
As deep foundations are out of the question, due to the geological situation, shallow founda-
tions will be the only option. These are designed for the subsoil deformation incidents to be
predicted. Independent footing with higher loads has to be excluded and/or to be integrated in
spread foundation elements in each case.
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Bolivia
Additional expense will be required to set up the underground, as the clay mud layer has to be
replaced and a foundation bed has to be prepared.
5.2 Recommendation for foundations

Armoured floor slabs / reinforced strip footing slabs are planned as the buildings' foundations.
The evaluation of the subsoil conditions indicated that, in order to prepare the foundation, a
bed is required to be set up on the uppermost salt layer of rock salt I.
It is assumed that the uppermost rock salt horizon is sufficiently bearing for a foundation bed.
As the rock salt is covered by highly concentrated brine, no modifications or dissolutions of
the rock salt are to be expected, e.g. during the rainy season. The load transfer therefore occurs
from the foundation plates through the bed into the rock salt and, finally, in the mighty clay
horizons which lie on an comparably low-ductility rock salt stratum II. The foundation bed
has to be set up as high above the upper edge level of the salt crust so that it will still be above
the water level during the pluvial period, even considering the underground subsidence under
the buildings' load.
The bed's material has to have a high shearing strength, a high stiffness and a high resistance
against the chemical environment (highly saturated alkaline solution / unsaturated rain water).
Looking for suitable material, which is available in the region in sufficient quantities, it was
natural to fall back on the material of the stone fillings for the paved traffic routes.
Directly to the south of the main deposit of Comibol, at the southern edge of the salt lake, a
lateral
pick-up facility exists which was possible to be looked at with civil engineers of Comibol.
These are huge clastic deposits in a grain size range of silt grains up to rocks of more than 1 m
in diameter. Comibol's screening technology used so far allows for setting up mixtures of dif-
ferent grain fractions. The rock material is magmatic, very hard and resistant which have a
sufficient resistance against the chemical environment of the salt lake.
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Bolivia
Possible lateral extraction south of the main deposit
After a basic suitability of the material at the possible extraction point was possible to be de-
termined, a concept for the foundation bed was worked out according to the sketch here be-
low.
Gründungsebene für
Bodenplatte (Stahlbeton)
0,85 m ü. Gelände
Unbewehrter Beton (0,15 m)
Ausgleichsschicht Kiessand (0,2 m)
Steinschüttung (0,5 m)
Salzkruste (0,25 m)
Tonmudde (0,55 m)
Steinsalz I (4,3 m)
Lastausbreitung im Polster
[Figure: left: foundation level for floor slab (armoured concrete), 0.85 m above terrain ground level, from top to bottom:
unarmoured concrete (0.15 m), compensation layer of gravellous sand (0.2 m), stone filling (0.5 m), salt crust (0.25 m), clay
mud (0.55 m), rock salt I (4.3 m), below: load propagation in the bed)]
The concept of setting up the foundation bed as contact area for the foundation is based on
exchanging the clay mud stratum up to the surface of rock salt I. The extracted material will
be replaced by a filling of gravel, stones and blocks (without any noteworthy silt or sand com-
ponents), up to a maximum grain size of 0.5 m in diameter. This filling can be introduced in
the brine by front dumping, after the clay mud has been removed, and is to be built up to 0.5
m above the surface of the salt crust. A total thickness of this stone filling of 1.3 m results
from this. It is to be compacted intensively by a heavy compaction roller, using vibration (6
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Bolivia
roller passes at minimum). Subsequently the stone filling is to be evened by filling in a gravel-
lous sand layer with a thickness of 0.2 m (in its compacted state). Dynamically and statically
compact this layer by a roller, in four passes each, after cautious wetting. The degree of com-
paction for the gravellous sand layer has to be designed to be  100%. In the end, the bed will
have a total thickness of 1.5 m above rock salt I and/or 0.7 m above the upper edge of the salt
crust. For the fabrication of the reinforced floor slab, install an unarmoured concrete layer
with a minimum thickness of 10 cm on the bed.
To verify the fabrication's and the installation technology's feasibility, the theoretical concept
of the foundation bed was put into practice on a trial field. Annex 6 contains a photo docu-
mentation of setting up the trial field.
It became obvious that excavating the clay mud including breaking up the salt crust was pos-
sible without any problems. It becomes very clear when the required depth is achieved, by
means of the scratching of the dredging shovel / teeth on the hard salt of the rock salt I hori-
zon. Little proportions of remaining residual sludge on the excavation floor is to be considered
as non problematic, as the rock filling is pressing through the sludge towards the salt by its
own weight and already largely compacts itself by itself by mere rolling over of the excavator.
The additional compacting of the stone filling surface practically results in a very stiff layer
which hardly incurs any deformation any more even by the heaviest of traffic. Naturally a cav-
ity/ pore system will emerge at the surface created on the stone filling which may, however, be
filled very well and adjusted by introducing a gravel sand filling.
The gravel sand from the lateral pick-up point contains silty elements which are estimated to
be of an order of magnitude of around 10 mass % (silty gravel – lower edge ground level,
frost-susceptible soil class F2). Thus the material clearly depends on the water content with
regard to its compactability. Too little or too much water has clear repercussions on the com-
pacting degree. An addition of water to the initial material, which is too dry, therefore has to
be moderate and introduced by a conscientiously controlled dosage.
The gravel sand compensation layer was verified for its bearing capacity and compaction de-
gree by 2 static plate-load tests after compacting. The test reports are indicated in Annex 2.3.
EV2 values of 181.2 / 186.1 MN/m² and ratio values of EV2 / EV1 of 1.84 / 2.02 were deter-
mined in this analysis. This shows an exceptionally high stiffness of the bed and a high com-
paction degree of the gravel sand bearing layer of clearly over 100% of Proctor density.
Resulting from the findings with regard to setting up the sampling field, we were able to pro-
vide evidence that a foundation bed is possible to be created by means of the materials /
equipment at our disposal, by replacing the clay mud horizon which has very little structural
strength and a propensity to be subject to large settlement processes.
It is estimated that the voids within the stone filling are fundamentally unproblematic, as a
stable support by the grain skeleton of the very hard initial rock material exists. Observations
of the fast formation of rock salt crystals within the highly saturated brine in the area of the
prospecting additionally allows for the assumption that during the comparably short time peri-
od (an estimated one to two years), the full void area below the brine level and also in the ca-
pillary rising zone of the brine will be filled / cemented with solid rock salt crystals, so that a
very dense structure results from it.
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Bolivia
A large part of gravel sand may be ad-mixed, in addition, to the stone filling above the brine
water level so that any hollow spaces are minimized from the beginning by a grain structure
with a large range of sizes.
Methods applied during other building projects on the salt lake, to set up foundation levels,
e.g. the installation of salt grit during compaction with brine, are excluded for the buildings'
foundations. The main reason for this is the permanently incalculable and uncontrollable risk
of dissolving the salt grit layer by infiltration through storm water during the pluvial season.
Experience shows that the rainy season leads to a water level of several decimetres above the
upper level of the salt crust. Moreover the rain water runs off the buildings' roofs in a concen-
trated form. Service water required for the production (lacustrine water) adds to this as well.
All these waters have to be contained and drained off the buildings at great expense. This rep-
resents high long-term risks. Moreover, the clay mud still remains in the underground when
installing the salt grit on the salt crust, which results in deformation of the corresponding
amount and cutting forces in the foundation rafts for that reason, due to the larger differential
settlements to be expected.
Proving the bearing power in the sense of shearing failure evidence has no relevance for the
spread foundations to be carried out.
The deformation of the base plates as a complex set of interaction between the building struc-
ture and subsoil is rather the decisive aspect in this matter. Therefore, not the absolute settle-
ment, but the differential deformation determines the reinforcement design as well.
A permissible soil contact stress for the foundation plates in the sense of proving their load-
carrying capacity or any admissible deformation to be required does not lead to the desired
objective in this case. The mechanism of shear failure does not occur for spread foundations
with loads which exist here and/or its prevention criteria may be considered as fulfilled with-
out any further evidence.
A substantial reduction of settlement may neither be reached by foundation dimensioning (in
the sense of plate sizes) nor by setting up the underground accordingly, apart from creating the
foundation bed. Therefore the extent of the predicted settlement (resulting from the calcula-
tion using the stiffness modulus method) has to be taken into account in including it in the
building stress analysis calculation and the reinforcement design of the plates and/or the di-
mensioning of plate thicknesses.
The effective influence zone of settlement will reach large depths due to the foundation di-
mensions. The clay layers, having a tendency to be soft, below the combination of the founda-
tion bed and rock salt horizon I will provide for the largest contribution to settlement. Only
comparably low settlement will be caused by salt horizon II, encountered from approx. 26.5 m
below the upper level of the salt crust. Thus the depth of influence with regard to settlement
may also be considered to exist up to the upper level of rock salt II, if required. Another vari-
ant would be determining the limit depth from a comparison of the tension from building
loads with the inherent tension of the building ground. The limit depth would occur at a depth
in which the vertical stress from building loads only amount to 20% of the building ground's
residual stress.
Such deformation behaviour of the underground is determined by its constrained moduli.
These, in turn, depend on the tension interval and do not represent any fix ground parameter in
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Bolivia
the actual sense of the word, however, they may be derived, to a sufficient extent, from the on-
site soil identification carried out for the expert opinion (empirical values), the results of driv-
ing tests (here DPL - light drop penetration) and compressive strength tests (here unconfined
and three-axial compressive strength tests of salt cores from the rock salt I horizon) (cf. Table
11), taking into account the existing subgrade loads. The interaction of the building and the
subsoil, taking into account the stiffness of the building and/or the foundation plate, may spe-
cifically be understood by the constrained-modulus method based on the finite-element meth-
ods (FEM). This directly results in the deformation of plate foundations and/or strip footing
slabs on an elastic beds, which the respective programmes determine the necessary reinforce-
ment from.
According to the procedure which was agreed on with our client, we deliver the authoritative
building ground model according to which ERCOSPLAN Anlagentechnik GmbH may deter-
mine the plate dimensioning according to the stiffness modulus method.
The following subsoil model applies after evaluating all examinations:

Tab. 13:Building ground model
stratum Designation Upper edge Lower edge Thickness Constrained
level of level of stra- [m] modulus
stratum tum [MN/m²]
[m below [m below up-
upper bed per bed edge
edge level] level]
P1 Gravel sand 0.0 0.2 0.20 60
P2 Stone filling 0.2 1.5 1.30 100
3 Rock salt I 1.5 5.8 4.30 12
4 Clay 5.8 27.3 21.5 8
5 Rock salt II 27.30 up to depth of up to depth of 30
settlement in- settlement
fluence influence
Annex 7 represents the result of an exemplary settlement determination for the Wet Salt Stor-
age. The maximum loads in it result from the wet salt for which a wet-state specific gravity of
13 kN/m² was used for the calculation. The results indicate maximum settlements of 32 cm
and torsion of the lateral foundation strip - amounting to 4.4 cm for 6 m of plate width (tan =
0.0073) and/or 5.9 cm for 9.5 m of plate width (tan = 0.0062).
Exemplary settlement calculations for the Process Building also yielded settlements of up to
25 cm and such calculations for the Distribution Tower came to approx. 6.5 cm.
It has to be considered that model assumptions and different ways of proceeding within the
programmes may indeed lead to variable settlement amounts in calculating the settlement.
Settlement calculations should actually always be considered as settlement estimates. Experi-
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Bolivia
ence shows that the predicted settlements are mostly larger than the ones actually occurring.
We recommend to verify the actual development of the settlement at different stages of con-
struction and, during the following years, by levelling relating to an observation point located
clearly outside the built-up area.
The settlement velocity will be very slow. It is to be assumed that the settlement will only
cease in the course of several years to decades.
Any subordinate building parts with independent or strip foundations which are to be sitting
on the upper level of the bed, were subjected to calculations of load-carrying capacity and
settlement, with plumb centre loading, using the GGU Footing programme, in its most recent
version of 8.00, to establish an authoritative building ground model, assuming no fixing-in.
Refer to Annex 8, page 1 and 2 for the results, indicated as footing analysis diagrams for strip
and independent foundations. Eurocode 7 /UT1 and UT2/ are the bases for these computing
steps. An angle of shearing resistance of ´ = 32° was used as a computing value for the foun-
dation bed.
For different foundation measurements, this footing diagram indicates the rated value of the
soil contact stress R,d (actual loads multiplied by the partial safety factors for the respective
design case, divided by the area of the foundation subface) for plumb centre loading, referring
to design situation of BS-P (constant design situation), as well as the settlements “s” which
belong to it and the bedding moduli “k”S. The characteristic base pressures E,k (actual loads
without any partial safety factors, divided by the foundation subface) are the basis of settle-
ment computation in this case, whereas a traffic load proportion of zero is assumed, to be on
the safe side (any loads the structure is subjected to are treated as permanent loads, as the real
proportion of travelling loads is unknown to us and/or may vary). Furthermore, this diagram
offers the opportunity to read off the settlement also for lower design values of the soil contact
stress or the base pressures which belong to substantial maximum settlement (deformation
criterion).
Extracted from the footing analysis diagram, the following design values are found for the soil
contact stress, when limiting the settlement to a maximum of 4 cm (the footing diagram may
also show the rated values for lower settlement amounts):
Strip foundations:
0.5 m large: R,d = 40 kN/m²
1.0 m large: R,d = 205 kN/m²
2.0 m large: R,d = 370 kN/m²
Independent foundations:
1.0 x 1.0 m: R,d = 213 kN/m²
2.0 x 2.0 m: R,d = 412 kN/m²
3.0 x 3.0 m: R,d = 490 kN/m²
4.0 x 4.0 m: R,d = 350 kN/m²
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Bolivia
6. REMARKS
vgs INGENIEURE Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH carried out the prospecting and investiga-
tion of the subsoil and established an expert opinion of it for the building project of
KCl Industrial Plant in Uyuni / Bolivia, as it was commissioned by the respective order.
For the invitation to tender, the planning and computing as well as the execution of this build-
ing project, the required information and soil-mechanical parameters and recommendations
for the establishment of foundations were provided, according to present knowledge. The re-
spective subgrade conditions at the points of investigation were indicated. It is recommended
to thoroughly monitor and supervise any work activities during construction and to compare
the investigation results with the actually encountered conditions.
Any advice concerning specific procedures of building execution and foundation work merely
have the character of recommendations. Any necessary response to the actual conditions has
to be ensured during building execution.
The respective statements of this expert opinion will lose their validity in case of any material
modifications to the documents of the planned building measure existing at the time of inves-
tigating them (especially different arrangements of layout and elevation positions and different
construction details and other similar changes). In such cases we recommend consulting our
office, to clarify if any additional examinations are necessary and/or how to proceed with any
action.
Please inform us without delay, if any fundamental deviations from the present expert opinion
occur with regard to the subsoil stratification or any other unexpected situation comes up in
the underground during building work.
<─ ─ ─>
____________________________________________________________________________
Untersuchungsgebiet
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
Projekt-Nr.
5094
Anlage-Nr.
Final Engineering Design
1.1
of a KCl Industrial Plant in Bolivia
gezeichn. Datum Bearbeiter
1:30 000 000 / Na Ki 27.02.2014 Sc/Ki
Untersuchungsgebiet
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
Lageplan Projekt-Nr.
5094
Anlage-Nr.
1.2
1:100 000 / Na Ki 27.02.2014 Sc/Ki
number coordinates coordinates number coordinates
DPL F1 DPL F2 DPL F3 DPL F4 DPL F5 DPL F6
Este Norte Este Norte Este Norte
DPL A1: 670420.00 7723499.00 DPL D1: 670420.00 7723799.00 CD 1: 670720.98 7723843.55
DPL A2: 670520.00 7723499.00 DPL D2: 670520.00 7723799.00 CD 2: 670870.36 7723845.16
DPL A3: 670620.00 7723499.00 DPL D3: 670620.00 7723799.00 CD 3: 670584.43 7723742.09
DPL A4: 670720.00 7723499.00 DPL D4: 670720.00 7723799.00 CD 4: 670669.58 7723739.51
DPL A5: 670820.00 7723499.00 DPL D5: 670820.00 7723799.00 CD 5: 670583.06 7723631.67
DPL A6: 670920.00 7723499.00 DPL D6: 670920.00 7723799.00 CD 6: 670667.88 7723632.67
DPL B1: 670420.00 7723599.00 DPL E1: 670420.00 7723899.00 CD 7: 670423.43 7723582.08
DPL B2: 670520.00 7723599.00 CD 8: 670720.11 7723577.92
DPL E2: 670520.00 7723899.00
DPL E1 DPL E2 DPL E3 DPL E4 DPL E5 DPL E6 CD 9: 670873.45 7723579.93
DPL B3: 670620.00 7723599.00 DPL E3: 670620.00 7723899.00
DPL B4: 670720.00 7723599.00 DPL E4: 670720.00 7723899.00
DPL B5: 670820.00 7723599.00 DPL E5: 670820.00 7723899.00
core drilling (CD) DPL B6: 670920.00 7723599.00 DPL E6: 670920.00 7723899.00
number of core drilling DPL C1: 670420.00 7723699.00 DPL F1: 670420.00 7723999.00
CD 1 CD 2 CD 1
DPL C2: 670520.00 7723699.00 DPL F2: 670520.00 7723999.00
DPL CD1 DPL CD2
Probenfeld dynamic probing, light (DPL) DPL C3: 670620.00 7723699.00 DPL F3: 670620.00 7723999.00
DPL C4: 670720.00 7723699.00 DPL F4: 670720.00 7723999.00
DPL C5: 670820.00 7723699.00 DPL F5: 670820.00 7723999.00
DPL C6: 670920.00 7723699.00 DPL F6: 670920.00 7723999.00
DPL D1 DPL D2 DPL D3 DPL D4 DPL D5 DPL D6
CD 3 CD 4
DPL CD3 DPL CD4
DPL CD4A
vgs INGENIEURE
plan of core drillings
DPL C1 DPL C2 DPL C3 DPL CD4B DPL C4 DPL C5 DPL C6
Ki/Sc
Date Name Revision
Client Consultant
CD 5 CD 6
DPL CD5 DPL CD6
DPL B1 DPL B2 DPL B3 DPL B4 DPL B5 DPL B6
Project Project No.

Final Engineering Design of a KCl Industrial Plant in Bolivia
CD 7 CD 8
DPL CD8 CD 9
DPL CD7
DPL CD9 Date
Draw
Site Layout Plan
Design
DPL A1 DPL A2 DPL A3 DPL A4 DPL A5 DPL A6
Check
Plan size Scale Drawing No. Rev. Appendix No:
Departm 650x297 mm
Path
File
3661 3661
Normalprofil
3660.00 m
3660 0.13
1
0.00
Steinsalz (MK: 0.26 m),
3660
2 0.26
Tonmudde (MK: 0.55 m),
3659 0.81 3659
3658 3658
3657 3 Steinsalz I (MK: 4.27 m), 3657
3656 3656
3655 4T1 5.08 3655

Torf 1 (MK: 0.11 m),
5.19
3654 4
Ton, (MK: 01.42 m) 3654
6.61
4G Gips, (MK: 0.40 m),
3653 7.01 3653
3652 3652
3651 3651
4 Ton, (MK: 5.18 m)
3650 3650
1 Salzkruste
3649 3649 2 Tonmudde
3 Steinsalz 1
3648 12.19
3648 4 Ton
4S1 Steinsalzzwischenlage 1 (MK: 0.33 m),
12.52
4T Torf
3647 3647
4 Ton, (MK: 1.50 m) 4G Gips
3646 14.02 3646 4S Salz
4S2 Steinsalzzwischenlage 2 (MK: 1.18 m), 5 Steinsalz 2
3645 15.20
3645
4 Ton, (MK: 0.21 m)
4T2 15.41
Torf 2 (MK: 0.27 m),
3644 15.68 3644
4
Ton, (MK: 1.4 m)
3643 4T3 17.08 3643
Torf 3 (MK: 0.10 m),
17.18
3642 3642
3641 3641
3640 3640
3639 3639
4
Ton, (MK: 8.64 m)
3638 3638
3637 3637
3636 3636
3635 3635
25.82
3634 4T4 Torf 4 (MK: 0.26 m), 3634
4 26.08
Ton, (MK: 0.55 m)
26.60
3633 3633
3632 3632
5 Steinsalz II ,
3631 3631
vgs INGENIEURE
3630 3630
30.00
3629 3629 99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
m
Core Drilling Projekt-Nr.
5094
Normalprofil
Anlage-Nr.
2.0
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 1
3660.03 m
3660 0.15
1
0.00 3660
GP5094CD1.1 0.85 2 0.20

Kernverlust
3659 UP5094CD1.4 1.00 0.85 0.60
3659
1.18
UP5094CD1.5 1.43
1.59 0.80
Ton, weich, braun, TA
3658 UP5094CD1.6 2.00 0.91 3658
2.14 Salz, tonig, organisch, grusig, locker,
UP5094CD1.7 2.58 schwarzgrau, dunkelgrau
2.69 1.00
3657 3657
3
3656 3656
3655 3655
GP5094CD1.2 5.75
4T1
5.67 DPL CD1
3654 GP5094CD1.3
5.75
6.20 4 3653.68 m 10 20 30 40 50
3654
6.20 5.83 N10
Ton, steif, grau, TA
6.08
3653 Ton, mit Salzschmitzen und -kristallen, steif-halbfest,
421 53
3653
grau, TA 1,00
6.36
3652 3652
13.11.2013 2,00
3651 3651
3,00
3650 3650
4,00
3649 3649
5,00
5.50 m
3648 3648
m
13.11.2013
1 Salzkruste Dynamic Probing, Light

0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
3 Steinsalz 1 N10 = Schlagzahl/10cm Eindringtiefe
4 Ton
4T Torf vgs INGENIEURE
4G Gips
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
UPx 0.85
0.85
Core Drilling and Dynamic Probing, Light Projekt-Nr.
GPx 0.85
0.85 5094
CD 1, DPL CD1
3.50
(02.99)
Grundwasser angebohrt muGOK Anlage-Nr.
Schicht steif-halbfest Final Engineering Design
2.1.1
Schicht halbfest of a KCl Industrial Plant in Bolivia
Schicht weich gezeichn. Datum Bearbeiter
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661
CD 2
3660.13 m
0.14 0.00
3660 GP5094CD2.1 0.30 1
0.30 2 0.15
Salzgrus, tonig-stark tonig, organisch, locker, schwarz
0.26
3659 Ton, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), organisch,
starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich,
schwarzbraun, OT (TA)
0.65
3658 UP5094CD2.12 2.00
2.12
UP5094CD2.13 2.54
2.66
3
3657
3656 UP5094CD2.14 4.05

4.17
UP5094CD2.15 4.65
4.77
3655 5.30 5.21
GP5094CD2.2
5.30
4T1
Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich,
DPL CD2
3654.03 m 10 20 30 40 50
3654 4 5.35
N10
GP5094CD2.3 6.50
6.50
3653 UP5094CD2.16 7.00 4G 6.00 1,00

GP5094CD2.4 7.30 Ton, im engen Wechsel mit Salzschmitzen, steif-halbfest, 300
7.15
7.30
7.00
3652 7.16
2,00
GP5094CD2.5 8.50
8.50 7.30
Ton, organisch, weich, schwarz, grauschwarz, TA/OT
3651 7.60 3,00
GP5094CD2.6 9.50 4
9.50
3650 4,00
4.80 m
3649 11.17 10.11.2013
GP5094CD2.7 11.50
11.50 weich, grau, TA
4S1 11.28
3648 Ton, vereinzelt Salzschmitzen, steif, grau, TA
11.68
12.27
3647 4 12.73
GP5094CD2.8 13.50 Ton, organisch, weich-steif, grauschwarz, TA
13.50 13.70
3646 4S2 grau, TA
GP5094CD2.9 14.50 4 14.05
14.50
14.19 1 Salzkruste
3645 4S2 14.80 2 Tonmudde
15.76
3644 4T2
arsenhaltig, starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich, 3 Steinsalz 1
4 16.30 4 Ton
Ton, weich-steif, grau, TA
3643 17.30
4T3 Torf, tonig, arsenhaltig, weich, braun, gelbbraun, HZ 4T Torf
17.36
3642 4G Gips
4S Salz
3641 5 Steinsalz 2
GP5094CD2.10 19.50
19.50
GPx 0.30
3640 0.30
Ton, von 18.3-18.4 m mit Salzschmitzen durchsetzt, 0.85
UPx
bis 22.5 m weich-steif -> weich, grau, TA 0.85
3639 3.50
4 (02.99)
Grundwasser angebohrt muGOK
3638 Schicht steif
Schicht weich-steif
3637
GP5094CD2.11 23.50 Schicht steif-halbfest
23.50
23.86
Schicht fest
3636
Ton, Salzkristalle, weich, -> steif, grau, TA Schicht weich
3635
25.61
4T4 Ton, mit Torflagen, arsenhaltig, weich-steif,
3634 4
25.80
Dynamic Probing, Light
Ton, stark mit Salzgrus durchsetzt, steif, grau, TA
0,5 kN
26.18
50 cm
3633 26.50 Spitzenquerschnitt
UP5094CD2.17 27.47 N10 = Schlagzahl/10cm Eindringtiefe
27.53 steif-halbfest, grau, TA
3632 5 26.75
UP5094CD2.18 28.49
28.56
3631
UP5094CD2.19 29.64
29.72
3630 30.00
3629 vgs INGENIEURE

10.11.2013
m
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
5094
CD 2, DPL CD2
Anlage-Nr.
2.1.2
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 3
3660.09 m
3660 0.15 1 0.00 3660
2 0.15
Ton, schwach sandig, vereinzelt Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich,
braun, TA
3659 UP5094CD3.1 1.00
0.40 3659
1.14 Ton, stark organisch, durchsetzt mit kleinen Salzkristallen,
weich-steif, an der Basis weich, dunkelgrau, schwarz, OT
UP5094CD3.2 1.85 0.65
3658 1.94 3658
3
3657 3657
3656 3656
UP5094CD3.3 4.33
4.45
3655 DPL CD3 3655

4T1 5.20
Torf, zersetzt, Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, arsenhaltig, weich, 3654.54 m 10 20 30 40 50
4 N10
5.25
3654 3654
1,00
5.60 198
241 138
3653 3653
2,00
07.11.2013
3652 3652
3,00
3651 3651
4,00
3650 3650
5,00
3649 5.80 m 3649
3648 07.11.2013
3648
m

0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
vgs INGENIEURE
4 Ton
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
4T Torf
4G Gips
5094
3.50 CD 3, DPL CD3
(02.99)
Anlage-Nr.
UPx 0.85
0.85 Final Engineering Design
2.1.3
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
(westlich CD 4)
3661
CD 4 DPL CD4A DPL CD4B
3660.00 m 3660.05 m 10 20 30 3660.05 m 10 20 30 40
3660 0.15 0.00 N10 N10
1
GP5094CD4.9 0.50
(04.11.2013)
2
0.50 0.21 1.00 m
Ton, feinsandig, organisch, 1.10 m
3659 1.07
129 266 206
UP5094CD4.1 vereinzelt Salzkristalle, > 1.0 m not to ramm
1.19
starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, > 1.1 m not to ramm
1.67 04.11.2013
UP5094CD4.2 graubraun, TA (OT)
3658 1.80
0.60 04.11.2013
UP5094CD4.3 2.48 sehr locker, grau
UP5094CD4.4 2.63 2.58
0.78
3657 2.72
3
UP5094CD4.5 3.27
3.37
3656 UP5094CD4.6 3.87

UP5094CD4.7 4.13 4.00
4.35
4.67
Steinsalz, cm-starke Tonschmitzen,
3655 UP5094CD4.8 5.00 DPL CD4
5.13 4T1 5.27 3654.30 m 10 20 30 40 50
Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, zersetzt,
N10
3654 4
117
GP5094CD4.10 6.50 5.35

6.50 1,00
3653 4G 371 170
6.80
GP5094CD4.11 7.50
7.50 2,00
3652
7.30
GP5094CD4.12 8.50
8.50 3,00
3651
GP5094CD4.13 9.60 4,00
9.60
3650 4
Ton, schwach feinsandig-feinsandig,
in Lagen halbmeterweise Salzkristalle,
weich-breiig, grau, TA 5,00
3649
GP5094CD4.14 11.50 6.00 m
11.50
3648 04.11.2013
12.45
4S1
3647
12.75
GP5094CD4.15 13.50 4
13.50 schwarzgrau, OT/TA
3646 14.12
1 Salzkruste
4S2 mit Tonlagen (bis 5 cm, weich),
3645
2 Tonmudde
GP5094CD4.16 15.60 15.57
4T2 Torf, starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch,
15.60 3 Steinsalz 1
3644 arsenhaltig, weich, braun, gelbbraun, dunkelgrau, HZ
15.69
4 Ton, feinsandig, 4 Ton
3643 weich, grau, TA (HZ) 4T Torf
17.30
4T3 Torf, arsenhaltig, weich,
braun, gelbbraun, dunkelgrau, HZ 4G Gips
3642 17.47
GP5094CD4.17 18.50 4S Salz
18.50
3641 5 Steinsalz 2
3.50
3640 (02.99)
GP5094CD4.18 20.50 Schicht weich-steif

20.50
3639 Schicht weich-breiig
4 Ton, schwach feinsandig-feinsandig, Schicht steif

3638
grau, TA Schicht fest
3637 Schicht weich
UPx 0.85
0.85
3636
GP5094CD4.19 24.50 Dynamic Probing, Light
24.50
0,5 kN
3635 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
25.85 N10 = Schlagzahl/10cm Eindringtiefe
3634 4T4 Ton, mit Torflagen, arsenhaltig, weich-steif,
4 26.15
T, schwach feinsandig-feinsandig,
3633
5 grau, TA
26.65
Ton, stark mit Salzkristallen durchsetzt,
3632 weich-steif, grau, TA
26.77
3631
m 28.00
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
5094
CD 4, DPL CD4
Anlage-Nr.
2.1.4
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 5
3660.04 m
3660 0.14 1
0.00 3660
2 0.20
Ton, schwach feinsandig, weich, braun, TA
0.30
3659 UP5094CD5.1 0.90
1.00
Ton, feinsandig, organisch, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), 3659
Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, steif,
1.64 schwarz, schwarzgrau, gelbstreifig, TA/OT
UP5094CD5.2
3658 1.80 0.50 3658
UP5094CD5.3 2.23
2.33 3 0.60
3657 3.14
3657
UP5094CD5.4
3.28
UP5094CD5.5 3.70
3656 3.80
4.20
3656
UP5094CD5.6
4.29
4T1 4.50
3655 3655
4.60
4
steif, grau, TM
DPL CD5
3653.94 m 10 20 30 40 50
3654 5.00
Ton, schwach feinsandig, in ca. 5 cm Lagen Salzschmitzen, N10 3654
weich-steif, braun-gestreift, TM-TA
3653 6.10 1,00 67 179 3653
3652 08.11.2013 2,00 3652
3651 3,00 3651
3650 4,00 3650
3649 5,00 3649

5.60 m
3648 3648
08.11.2013
m

0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
4 Ton vgs INGENIEURE
4T Torf
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
4G Gips
3.50
(02.99)
Grundwasser angebohrt muGOK Core Drilling and Dynamic Probing, Light Projekt-Nr.
5094
Schicht weich-steif CD 5, DPL CD5
Schicht steif Anlage-Nr.
Schicht weich 2.1.5
UPx 0.85
0.85
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 6
3660.00 m
3660 0.13
1
0.00 3660
0.15
GP5094CD6.1 0.70 2
3659 0.70 0.25 3659
Ton, schwach feinsandig, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich,
UP5094CD6.3 1.22 braun, TA
1.39 0.50
1.78 Steinsalz, stark tonig, stark organisch, locker,
3658 UP5094CD6.4
2.12 1.91 schwarz, schwarzgrau 3658
UP5094CD6.5
2.25 0.60
Ton, schwach feinsandig, Steinsalzkristalle (<1 mm), weich,
3 braun, TA
3657 0.80
3657
3656 3656
3655
UP5094CD6.6 4.55
4.73
4T1 4.70
DPL CD6 3655
GP5094CD6.2 5.20 4 Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich-steif, 3654.55 m
5.20
10 20 30 40 50
4.80
3654 Ton, schwach feinsandig, steif, N10 3654
1,00
5.35 184
Ton, schwach feinsandig, mit Salzschmitzen,
3653 Salzkristalle (>1 cm), steif, grau, TM 3653
5.40 2,00
3652 08.11.2013 3652

3,00
3651 3651
4,00
3650 3650
5,00
3649 5.80 m 3649
08.11.2013
3648 3648
m

0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
4 Ton
4T1 Torf vgs INGENIEURE
4G Gips
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
GPx 0.70
0.70
UPx 0.85
0.85 5094
CD 6, DPL CD6
3.50
(02.99)
Anlage-Nr.
Schicht steif Final Engineering Design
2.1.6
Schicht weich-steif of a KCl Industrial Plant in Bolivia
Schicht weich
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661
CD 7
3660.02 m
3660 GP5094CD7.1 0.20
0.14
1 0.00
GP5094CD7.2 0.40 0.20 2 0.15
0.40 Ton, schwach feinsandig, sSalzkristalle (<1 mm), weich,
3659 braun, TA
0.30
1.45
Ton, organisch, schwach feinsandig,
UP5094CD7.11
1.56 Salzkristalle (<1 mm),
3658 starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich,
2.30 schwarz, OT (TA)
UP5094CD7.12
2.41 0.75
3
3657
3656 UP5094CD7.13 4.08

4.20
UP5094CD7.14 4.50
4.62 4.85
3655 GP5094CD7.4 5.10GP5094CD7.3
5.10
4.95
4.95
4T1
Salzschlieren, starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch,
DPL CD7
3654.30 m 10 20 30 40 50
4 N10
3654 5.00
Ton, schwach feinsandig, steif,
4G
GP5094CD7.5 6.70 6.25 1,00 140 250
6.70
3653
GP5094CD7.6 7.50 6.44
7.50 2,00
6.65
3652
weich, grau, graubraun, TA/OT
6.85 3,00
3651
Ton, weich, grau, TA
4 4,00
3650 10.20
5,00
3649 Ton, steif, grau, TA
5.70 m
GP5094CD7.7 11.50
11.50
3648 11.95
Ton, mit Salzkristallen und -schmitzen, weich-steif, 09.11.2013
grau, TM-TA
4S1 12.45
3647 13.00
4 Ton, mit Salzschlieren, weich, grau, TA
13.10
3646 13.90
4S2
14.90
3645 4T2
starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch,
4
3644 15.05
GP5094CD7.8 16.4 15.67
16.4 Ton, stark durchsetzt mit Salzgrus, weich,
4T3 1 Salzkruste
3643 16.64
2 Tonmudde
3642 16.72 3 Steinsalz 1
4 Ton
3641
4T Torf
3640 4G Gips
4S Salz
3639 5 Steinsalz 2
GP5094CD7.9 21.5 4
21.5
3638 Ton, bei 19.75 m Salzschlieren, weich, grau, TA UPx 0.85
0.85
GPx 0.20
0.20
3637
3.50
(02.99)
3636 Schicht steif-halbfest

GP5094CD7.10 24.5
24.5 Schicht fest
3635
Schicht weich-steif
3634 4T3
26.00
Ton, mit Torflagen, Salzschmitzen/-grus, Salzkristalle (<1 mm),
Schicht steif
4 Schicht weich
26.30
3633 Ton, weich, grau, TA
26.69
27.08
3632 Dynamic Probing, Light
27.27
5 0,5 kN
50 cm
3631 von 23.43-23.47 m Tonlagen (steif-halbfest, grau, TA), Spitzenquerschnitt
N10 = Schlagzahl/10cm Eindringtiefe
UP5094CD7.15 29.33 29.49
29.45 UP5094CD7.17 29.61 UP5094CD7.16
29.54
29.67 29.90
3630 Ton, mit Salzkristallen (> 1cm), weich, grau, TA
30.00
3629
09.11.2013 vgs INGENIEURE
m
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
5094
CD 7, DPL CD7
Anlage-Nr.
2.1.7
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 8
3660.02 m
3660 0.16
1
0.00 3660
GP5094CD8.1 0.30
GP5094CD8.2 0.50 0.30 2
0.50 0.20
3659 Ton, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich, braun, TA 3659
0.39
UP5094CD8.7 1.36 Ton, organisch, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich-steif,
1.42 schwarz, TA
3658 0.59 3658
locker, schwarz, dunkelgrau
3 0.76
3657 3657
3656 3656
UP5094CD8.8 4.30
4.46
3655 GP5094CD8.3 5.10 4T1 5.05 3655
GP5094CD8.4 5.30
5.30
5.10
4 Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich-steif, DPL CD8
GP5094CD8.5 5.80 3653.97 m 10 20 30 40 50
3654 5.80
5.16 N10 3654
Ton, steif-halbfest, grau, TA
5.40 220 56
3653 1,00 3653

6.00
3652 2,00 3652

12.11.2013
3651 3,00 3651
3650 4,00 3650
3649 5.30 m 3649

12.11.2013
3648 3648
m
UPx 0.85 Dynamic Probing, Light

1 Salzkruste 0.85
0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde GPx 0.30 50 cm vgs INGENIEURE
0.30 Spitzenquerschnitt
3 Steinsalz 1 Grundwasser angebohrt muGOK
(02.99)
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
4 Ton Schicht steif
4T Torf Schicht steif-halbfest Core Drilling and Dynamic Probing, Light Projekt-Nr.
5094
4G Gips Schicht weich-steif CD 8, DPL CD8
Schicht weich Anlage-Nr.
2.1.8
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 9
3660.04 m
3660 0.16 1
0.00 3660
GP5094CD9.1 0.40
GP5094CD9.2 0.50 2 0.19
0.40 0.50 Ton, mit Salzkristallen, organisch, weich, schwarz, TA
0.79 0.31
3659 UP5094CD9.4
0.95 Ton, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich, braun, TA 3659
0.45
Ton, organisch, salzkristalle (<1 mm), schwarz, TA
UP5094CD9.5 1.58
1.71 0.62
3658 Steinsalz, stark tonig, organisch, grusig, locker/steif, 3658
schwarz
UP5094CD9.6 2.57 0.73
2.68
3657 3 3657
3656 3656
3655
5.28
DPL CD9 3655
4T1 Torf, mit Salzschmitzen, zersetzt, arsenhaltig, 3654.85 m 10 20 30 40 50
GP5094CD9.3 5.60 4
5.60 starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich-steif, N10
3654 3654
5.36
1,00
426 310
3653 5.67 3653
12.11.2013 2,00
3652 3652
3,00
3651 3651
4,00
3650 3650
5,00
3649 3649
5.80 m
3648 3648
12.11.2013
m

2 Tonmudde 0,5 kN
50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
3 Steinsalz 1
4 Ton
4G Gips
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
3.50
(02.99)
GPx 0.40 Core Drilling and Dynamic Probing, Light Projekt-Nr.

0.40
5094
UPx 0.85 CD 9, DPL CD9
0.85
Anlage-Nr.
2.1.9
Schicht steif of a KCl Industrial Plant in Bolivia
Schicht weich
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
DPL A1 DPL A2 DPL A3
0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.10 N10 -0.12 59
N10 -0.12 66
N10 0
0.90 m
-1 -1
1.40 m 1.40 m > 0.9 m not to ramm
11.11.2013
> 1.4 m not to ramm

11.11.2013
-2 11.11.2013 -2
m u.OKG
DPL A4 DPL A5 DPL A6

0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.13 N10 -0.15 63
N10 -0.14 117
N10 0
0.80 m
0.90 m
1.00 m
-1 -1
> 0.9 m not to ramm > 0.8 m not to ramm
> 1.0 m not to ramm 11.11.2013 11.11.2013
11.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG

Salzkruste 0,5 kN
50 cm
Tonmudde Spitzenquerschnitt
Steinsalz I
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
Dynamic Probing, Light Projekt-Nr.
5094
DPL A1-6
Anlage-Nr.
2.2.1
/ 1:50 Na Ki 12.12.2013 Ki
DPL B1 DPL B2 DPL B3
0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.10 81
N10 -0.12 87
N10 -0.10 N10 0
0.80 m
0.90 m 54 0.90 m
-1 -1
> 0.9 m not to ramm
11.11.2013
11.11.2013 11.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG
DPL B4
DPL B5 DPL B6
0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.14 83
N10 -0.13 71
N10 -0.14 80
N10 0
70
0.90 m 0.90 m
-1 1.10 m -1
> 0.9 m not to ramm
11.11.2013
11.11.2013 11.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG

Salzkruste 0,5 kN
50 cm
Steinsalz I
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
5094
DPL B1-6
Anlage-Nr.
2.2.2
/ 1:50 Na Ki 12.12.2013 Ki
DPL C1 DPL C2 DPL C3
0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.14
N10 -0.10 57
N10 N10 0
-0.19
0.90 m 0.90 m
-1 1.20 m
-1
> 1.2 m not to ramm 12.11.2013 12.11.2013
12.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG
DPL C4 DPL D5 DPL C6

0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.13 N10
-0.16
N10 73
N10 0
-0.18
0.90 m
1.00 m
-1 1.20 m
-1
> 0.9 m not to ramm
> 1.0 m not to ramm
12.11.2013 > 1.2 m not to ramm
12.11.2013 12.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG

Salzkruste 0,5 kN
50 cm
Steinsalz I
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
5094
DPL C1-6
Anlage-Nr.
2.2.3
/ 1:50 Na Ki 12.12.2013 Ki
DPL D1 DPL D2 DPL D3
0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 N10 -0.11 N10 -0.10 N10 0
-0.18
0.90 m
1.00 m 1.00 m
-1 -1
> 1.0 m not to ramm > 0.9 m not to ramm > 1.0 m not to ramm
12.11.2013 12.11.2013 12.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG
DPL D4 DPL D5 DPL D6

0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.12 60
N10
-0.16
N10 -0.13 69
N10 0
0.90 m 0.90 m 0.90 m

-1 -1
12.11.2013 12.11.2013 12.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG

Salzkruste 0,5 kN
50 cm
Steinsalz I
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
5094
DPL D1-6
Anlage-Nr.
2.2.4
/ 1:50 Na Ki 12.12.2013 Ki
DPL E1 DPL E2 DPL E3
0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.13 73
N10 -0.09 N10 -0.10 64
N10 0
0.90 m
1.00 m
-1 1.10 m -1
> 1.1 m not to ramm
12.11.2013 12.11.2013
12.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG
DPL E4 DPL E5 DPL E6

0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.10 N10
-0.16 61
N10 -0.12 216
N10 0
1.00 m 1.00 m
-1 1.10 m -1
> 1.1 m not to ramm
12.11.2013 12.11.2013 12.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG

Salzkruste 0,5 kN
50 cm
Steinsalz I
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
5094
DPL E1-6
Anlage-Nr.
2.2.5
/ 1:50 Na Ki 12.12.2013 Ki
DPL F1 DPL F2 DPL F3
0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.15
N10 N10 -0.13 N10 0
-0.17
1.00 m 1.00 m 1.00 m

-1 -1
12.11.2013 12.11.2013 12.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG
DPL F4 DPL F5 DPL F6

0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50 0.00 m 10 20 30 40 50
0 -0.13 N10 -0.13 71
N10 -0.14
N10 0
0.80 m
1.00 m 1.00 m
-1 -1
> 0.8 m not to ramm
12.11.2013 12.11.2013
12.11.2013
-2 -2
m u.OKG

Salzkruste 0,5 kN
50 cm
Steinsalz I
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
5094
DPL F1-6
Anlage-Nr.
2.2.6
/ 1:50 Na Ki 12.12.2013 Ki
vgs Ingenieure Projekt-Nr.: 5094 Anlage: 2.3 Blatt 1
Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH Projekt: KCI Industrial Plant in Bolivia
Arnstädter Str. 28, 99096 Erfurt Prüfung:
Tel.: (0361) 78934-0 / Fax: -56 Meßstelle: PDV 1
Prüfdatum: 11.11.13
Plattendruckversuch Prüfzeit: Beginn: Ende:
DIN 18134 - 300 Prüfer: Jacob
Plattenunterlage: Sand Bodenart: G, u', fs*, x''
Witterung: trocken Vortag: trocken Prüfschicht: OK Polster
Temperatur: 20 °C Ausgrabung: keine
Bodenpressung (MN/m²) Bodendruck Setzungen

0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,40 0,45 0,50 [MN/m²] [0,01 mm]
0,0
0,08 24
0,16 48
0,24 68
0,32 86
0,2 0,40 104
0,45 112
0,50 124
0,4 0,25 120

0,12 108
0,00 68
0,6 0,08 80
Setzung s (mm)
0,16 90
0,24 100
0,32 110
0,40 118
0,8 0,45 124
1,0
1,2
1,4
Max. Sigma Parameter a1 Parameter a2 Kurve Ev EV2/EV1

0,50 3,11 -1,33 Ev1 92,1 MN/m²
2,02
0,50 1,45 -0,48 Ev2 186,1 MN/m²
Bemerkungen:
vgs Ingenieure Projekt-Nr.: 5094 Anlage: 2.3 Blatt 2
Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH Projekt: KCI Industrial Plant in Bolivia
Arnstädter Str. 28, 99096 Erfurt Prüfung:
Tel.: (0361) 78934-0 / Fax: -56 Meßstelle: PDV 2
Prüfdatum: 11.11.13
Plattendruckversuch Prüfzeit: Beginn: Ende:
DIN 18134 - 300 Prüfer: Jacob
Plattenunterlage: Sand Bodenart: G, u', fs*, x''
Witterung: trocken Vortag: trocken Prüfschicht: OK Polster
Temperatur: 20 °C Ausgrabung: keine
Bodenpressung (MN/m²) Bodendruck Setzungen

0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,40 0,45 0,50 [MN/m²] [0,01 mm]
0,0
0,08 14
0,16 36
0,24 54
0,32 74
0,40 88
0,2 0,45 96
0,50 106
0,25 102
0,12 90
0,4 0,00 46
0,08 56
Setzung s (mm)
0,16 66
0,24 80
0,6
0,32 90
0,40 96
0,45 102
0,8
1,0
1,2
Max. Sigma Parameter a1 Parameter a2 Kurve Ev EV2/EV1

0,50 3,03 -1,48 Ev1 98,4 MN/m²
1,84
0,50 1,55 -0,61 Ev2 181,2 MN/m²
Bemerkungen:
Auftraggeber
vgs INGENIEURE Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH
99096 Erfurt
Auftragnehmer:
ERCOSPLAN Ingenieurgesellschaft Geotechnik und Bergbau mbH
99096 Erfurt
Datum: 29. Januar 2014
Projekt/Auftrag
über: Salzanalysen
Projekt-Nummer: EAT 11-024
Auf Grundlage der vorliegenden Ergebnisse der chemischen Analytik sowie der für die eine weitere Probe durchgeführten XRD-Untersuchungen
haben wir folgende mineralogische Zusammensetzung der Proben ermittelt.
14-0078/02 14-0078/03
CD 3; 1,0 m CD 7; 29,49 m
Halit 87,07 90,00
Gypsum 2,40 6,11
Carnallit 1,84 0,58
Kainit 0,96 -
Kieserit 0,54 -
Sylvin - 0,03
Insolubles 0,04 1,24
H2O 6,95 1,74
Summe 99,79 99,71
Ansprechpartner bei Rückfragen ERCOSPLAN:

Herr Jockel
Telefon 0361 3810 521
Mit freundlichen Grüßen
Erfurt, den 29. Januar 2014
A. Jockel
Projektleiter
Nach DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 durch die DAkkS
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle akkreditiertes
Prüflaboratorium. Die Akkreditierung gilt für die in der
Urkunde aufgeführten Prüfverfahren
Prüfbericht-Nr.: 14-0078-1 Seite 2 von 3

Betreff: Salzuntersuchung
Probenart: Salz Probenbez.: CD2

Proben-Nr.: 14-0078/01
Messzeitraum: 27.01.2014 bis 27.01.2014
EAT 11-024; CD2; 7,0 m
Bestim.-
Parameter Verfahren Meßwert Dim. grenze
XRD intern. Verfahren* s. Anlage - 0
Proben-Nr.: 14-0078/02
EAT 11-024; CD3; 1,0 m
Bestim.-
CaSO× Verfahren** 1,90 % 0,01
CaClÐ Verfahren** n.n. % 0,01
MgSO× Verfahren** 0,93 % 0,01
MgClÐ Verfahren** 0,63 % 0,01
KCl Verfahren* 0,78 % 0,01
KÐSO× Verfahren** n.n. % 0,01
NaCl Verfahren* 87,07 % 0,01
NaÐSO× Verfahren** n.n. % 0,01
HÐ0 ges. intern. Verfahren* 8,19 % 0,01
HÐO-Unlösliches intern. Verfahren* 0,04 % 0,01
Proben-Nr.: 14-0078/03
EAT 11-024; CD7; 29,49 m
Bestim.-
CaSO× Verfahren** 4,83 % 0,01
CaClÐ Verfahren** n.n. % 0,01
MgSO× Verfahren** n.n. % 0,01
MgClÐ Verfahren** 0,20 % 0,01
KCl Verfahren* 0,19 % 0,01
KÐSO× Verfahren** n.n. % 0,01
NaCl Verfahren* 90,00 % 0,01
NaÐSO× Verfahren** n.n. % 0,01
HÐ0 ges. intern. Verfahren* 2,61 % 0,01
HÐO-Unlösliches intern. Verfahren* 1,24 % 0,01
* nicht akkreditierter Parameter

** DIN EN ISO 11885 (E22); DIN 38405-D1-2; DIN 38405-D5-2; DIN 38406-E5: DIN EN 1484 (H3)
n.n. Messergebnis ist unterhalb Bestimmungsgrenze
Dim Dimension
# bezogen auf Trockensubstanz
Anlage zum PB 14-0078
XRD-Analysenbericht
Probe: 14-0078.01
Ziel der Untersuchung:
Mineralphasenbestimmung
Ergebnisse:
Die Untersuchung wurde am Röntgendiffraktometer D2 Phaser der Fa. Bruker AXS durchgeführt.
Die niedrigste Erkennbarkeit der Minerale im Röntgendiagramm wird allgemein im Bereich um 1 %
angegeben und hängt von der Mineralzusammensetzung ab. Die Ergebnisse können dem beilie-
genden Röntgendiagramm entnommen werden.
Nachgewiesen wurden als Hauptphase Gips, wenig Halit und wahrscheinlich eine Spur Quarz. Da
sich nur die markante 100 %-Linie bei 26,6 °2Theta aus dem Untergrund heraus hebt, muss Quarz
als unsicher gelten.
14-0078/Dr.Scha/An/01.14 Seite 1 VON 1

CD2 7,0 m
9000
8000
7000
6000
Lin (Counts)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
5 10 20 30 40 50 60
2-Theta - Scale
Commander Sample ID - File: 14-0078-01.raw
Operations: X Offset 0.021 | X Offset 0.013 | Strip kAlpha2 0.500 | Background 0.257,1.000 | Import
00-005-0628 (*) - Halite, syn - NaCl
00-033-0311 (*) - Gypsum, syn - CaSO4·2H2O
01-079-1910 (*) - Quartz, syn - SiO2
Laborbericht: 14/005 – Salzsee „Salar de Uyuni“, Bolivien
1 Angaben des Auftraggebers

Auftraggeber: vgs INGENIEURE Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH
99096 Erfurt
Objekt: Steinsalz, Salar de Uyuni, Bolivien
Probenmaterial: Salzgestein (vermutlich Steinsalz)

14 Bohrkernstücke
Herkunft: Salzsee „Salar de Uyuni“, Bolivien

nähere Angaben zum Material, zur Herkunft und Kenn-
zeichnung beim Auftraggeber
2 Angaben der Prüfstelle

Auftrag-Nr.: 14/005
Probenübergabe: 21.01.2014
Probenlagerung: Raumtemperatur, luftdicht verpackt in Plastiktüten
Datum und Art der Prüfkörperherstellung:

22. bis 24.01.2014
Herstellung kreiszylindrischer Prüfkörper mittels Dia-
mantwerkzeugen
− Abdrehen auf den gewünschten Durchmesser
− Ablängen
− Schleifen der Endflächen
Anzahl Prüfkörper: Einaxiale Druckversuche: 5 Stk.
Triaxiale Druckversuche: 7 Stk.
zusätzliche Angaben zu den Prüfkörpern können der

Übersichtstabelle in Punkt 3 entnommen werden
Prüfzeitraum: 30.01. bis 12.02.2014
Prüfbedingungen: Technische Prüfvorschriften für Boden und Fels im

Straßenbau TP BF-StB, Teil C1 (Ausgabe 2004),
DGGT-Empfehlung Nr. 1: Einaxiale Druckversuche an
zylindrischen Gesteinsprüfkörpern.
Seite 2
Technische Prüfvorschriften für Boden und

Fels im Straßenbau TP BF-StB, Teil C2 (Ausgabe
1979), DGEG-Empfehlung Nr. 2: Dreiaxiale Druckver-
suche an Gesteinsproben
Prüfgeräte: Einaxiale Druckversuche:

TIRAtest 28500
Triaxiale Druckversuche:
Gesteinsprüfanlage MTS 815
Belastungsrate: Einaxiale Druckversuche:

Axiale Belastungsrampe: 0.01 mm/min bzw.
0.10 mm/min
Axiale Belastungsrampe: 0.001 mm/min,
0.015 mm/min, 0.10 mm/min
Manteldruck (hydrostatische Spannungszustände):
0.50 MPa/min
die Angaben zu den Prüfkörpern können der Über-

sichtstabelle in Punkt 3 entnommen werden
Wegmesssystem: Einaxiale Druckversuche:

Messung von Längs- und Umfangsdehnung mittels
Probenwegaufnehmer direkt am Prüfkörper (Option
WAP gem. DGGT-Empfehlung Nr. 1)
CD 1.6 (2.00-2.14 m), CD 2.14 (4.05-4.17 m),
CD 3.1 (1.00-1.14 m), CD 3.3 (4.33-4.45 m),
CD 9.4 (0.79-0.95 m):
Messung der Umfangsdehnung mittels Probenwegauf-
nehmer direkt am Prüfkörper
Messung der Längsdehnung mittels LVDT zwischen
den Laststempeln
CD 6.3 (1.22-1.39 m), CD 6.5 (2.12-2.25 m):

Messung der Längsdehnung mittels Kolbenwegauf-
nehmer im Hydraulikzylinder
Keine Messung der Umfangsdehnung
Anmerkung: Bedingt durch die sehr hohe Verformbarkeit der Prüf-

körper bis zum Erreichen des Maximums in der Kraft-
Seite 3
Verformungs-Linie (Druckfestigkeit) bzw. des

Eintretens des makroskopischen Bruches konnten in
einigen Versuchen die Druckfestigkeiten nicht erreicht
werden, weil die Dehnungsaufnehmer die Grenze des
zulässigen Messbereichs bereits erreicht hatten. Eine
weitere Steigerung der Belastung hätte zur Beschädi-
gung der Messtechnik geführt. Insbesondere bei lang-
samer Lastaufbringung im einaxialen Druckversuch (mit
0.01 mm/min) und bei allen triaxialen Versuchen wur-
den diese großen Verformungen gemessen. Diese Ver-
suche dienen primär der Ermittlung der Verformungsei-
genschaften.
Um dennoch Aussagen über die Festigkeitseigenschaf-
ten des untersuchten Probematerials treffen zu können,
wurde daher eine zweite Serie von einaxialen Druck-
versuchen mit gesteigerter Belastungsgeschwindigkeit
(0.10 mm/min) durchgeführt. Die höhere Belastungsge-
schwindigkeit bedingt eine größere Prüfkörpersteifig-
keit, sodass im zur Verfügung stehenden Verformungs-
bereich der Bruchzustand erreicht werden konnte. Die
ermittelten Verformungsmoduli bei rascher Lastaufbrin-
gung liegen erwartungsgemäß tendenziell über denen
bei langsamer Lastaufbringung.
Zusätzlich wurden zwei triaxialen Druckversuche ohne
Dehnungsaufnehmer in der Hochdruckzelle durchge-
führt, sodass der Bruchzustand der Prüfkörper erreicht
werden konnte. Auch hier gilt wiederum, dass die Ver-
formungsmoduli bei rascher Lastaufbringung tendenzi-
ell über denen bei langsamer Lastaufbringung liegen.
Bei der Beurteilung der Verformungseigenschaften

bzw. Bruchzustände ist der Einfluss der horizontalen
(d.h. senkrecht zur Prüfkörperachse liegenden) Sedi-
mentationsschichten von zentraler Bedeutung. Die ein-
zelnen Schichten weisen sowohl hinsichtlich der Struk-
tur als auch der mechanischen Eigenschaften sehr un-
terschiedliche Eigenschaften auf.
An den deformierten Prüfkörpern ist dies deutlich durch
das unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägte Ausbauchen
(„Ausquetschen“) von eher weichen Schichten im Ge-
gensatz zu nahezu unverformten kompetenten Schich-
ten erkennbar. Das Vorhandensein einer einzigen sehr
nachgiebigen Schicht in einem Prüfkörper kann daher
Seite 4
die Größe der ermittelten Verformungseigen-

schaften ganz entscheidend beeinflussen.
Ähnliches gilt für die Bruchbilder. Auch diese werden
von den Eigenschaften der einzelnen Schichten maß-
geblich beeinflusst. In nahezu allen Versuchen zeigt
das Bruchbild einen Trennbruch senkrecht zur Prüfkör-
perachse – sowohl für ein- als auch für triaxiale Druck-
versuche ein sehr ungewöhnliches Bruchbild. Es ist zu
vermuten, dass die unterschiedliche Verformung der
einzelnen Sedimentationsschichten zur Ausbildung von
Scherspannungen in der Prüfkörper-Querschnittsebene
insbesondere in der Nähe der Schichtgrenzen führt. In
der Folge kommt es lokal zur Auflösung des ohnehin
schwach ausgeprägten Schichtverbunds und dem beo-
bachteten horizontal verlaufenden Bruch. Nur im Aus-
nahmefall werden Scherbrüche bzw. axial orientierte
Trennbrüche beobachtet.
Details und die Darstellung der einzelnen Bruchbilder
können der Fotodokumentation entnommen werden.
Seite 5
3 Übersichtstabelle – Prüfkörpereigenschaften
Prüfkörper- Prüfkörper- Schlankheits- Rohdichte

Teufe Belastungsge-
Bohrung / länge durchmesser grad ρb
Gestein Versuch schwindigkeit
Aufschluss
[m] Axiallast
[mm] [mm] [l/d] [g/cm³]
Steinsalz, Einaxialer Druck-

CD 2.13 2.54 – 2.66 0.01 mm/min 127.6 69.8 1.83 1.88
geschichtet versuch

CD 4.7 4.13 – 4.35 0.10 mm/min 104.3 62.1 1.68 1.89
geschichtet versuch

CD 5.4 3.14 – 3.28 0.10 mm/min 142.4 70.0 2.03 1.85
geschichtet versuch

CD 6.4 1.78 – 1.91 0.01 mm/min 136.6 69.8 1.96 1.87
geschichtet versuch

CD 7.12 2.30 – 2.41 0.10 mm/min 79.4 67.8 1.17 1.75
geschichtet versuch
Seite 6
Prüfkörper- Prüfkörper- Schlankheits- Rohdichte

Teufe Belastungsge-
Bohrung / länge durchmesser grad ρb
Gestein Versuch schwindigkeit
Aufschluss
[m] Axiallast
[mm] [mm] [l/d] [g/cm³]
Steinsalz, Triaxialer Druck-

CD 1.6 2.00 – 2.14 0.015 mm/min 134.4 69.3 1.94 1.89
geschichtet versuch

CD 2.14 4.05 – 4.17 0.001 mm/min 76.9 49.4 1.56 1.67
geschichtet versuch

CD 3.1 1.00 – 1.14 0.015 mm/min 130.4 69.3 1.88 1.94
geschichtet versuch

CD 3.3 4.33 – 4.45 0.015 mm/min 108.0 69.8 1.55 1.87
geschichtet versuch

CD 6.3 1.22 – 1.39 0.10 mm/min 131.4 69.7 1.89 1.89
geschichtet versuch

CD 6.5 2.12 – 2.25 0.10 mm/min 115.3 70.0 1.65 1.85
geschichtet versuch

CD 9.4 0.79 – 0.95 0.015 mm/min 157.5 70.4 2.24 1.95
geschichtet versuch
Seite 7
4 Ergebnistabelle – Einaxiale Druckversuche
Intervall 1: Verformungsparameter als Intervall 2: Verformungsparameter als

Korrigierte Sekantenmodul Sekantenmodul
Einaxiale
einaxiale
Teufe Druckfes-
Druckfes- Verfor- Verfor-
Bohrung / tigkeit Minimal- Maximal- Querdehn- Minimal- Maximal- Querdehn-
tigkeit mungsmo- mungsmo-
Aufschluss spannung spannung zahl spannung spannung zahl
dul dul
σu σu(2) σmin σmax V1 υ1 σmin σmax V2 υ2
[m]
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [-] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [-]
CD 2.13 2.54 – 2.66 1) 1) 0.10 0.25 97.78 0.35 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b.
CD 4.7 4.13 – 4.35 2.29 2.24 0.20 0.70 249.30 0.49 0.80 1.60 83.18 n.b.
CD 5.4 3.14 – 3.28 1.45 1.45 0.50 0.70 204.22 n.b. 0.70 1.10 107.26 n.b.
CD 6.4 1.78 – 1.91 1) 1) 0.10 0.25 55.93 0.47 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b.
CD 7.12 2.30 – 2.41 1.10 1.01 0.20 0.40 67.07 n.b. 0.40 0.70 62.70 n.b.
1) Versuchsende vor dem Erreichen der Druckfestigkeit, weil die Dehnungsaufnehmer die Grenze des zulässigen Messbereichs erreicht hatten.
Seite 8
5 Ergebnistabelle – Triaxiale Druckversuche
Intervall 1: Verformungsparameter als Intervall 2: Verformungsparameter als

Deviator- Sekantenmodul Sekantenmodul
Mantel- spannung
Teufe
druck beim Verfor- Verfor-
Bohrung / Bruch Minimal- Maximal- Querdehn- Minimal- Maximal- Querdehn-
mungsmo- mungsmo-
Aufschluss spannung spannung zahl spannung spannung zahl
dul dul
σ3 Δσ σmin σmax V1 υ1 σmin σmax V2 υ2
[m]
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [-] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [-]
CD 1.6 2.00 – 2.14 1.00 1) 1.00 2.50 66.71 0.09 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b.
CD 2.14 4.05 – 4.17 0.50 1) 1.00 3.00 81.69 0.47 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b.
CD 3.1 1.00 – 1.14 0.25 1) 0.50 1.50 28.56 0.45 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b.
CD 3.3 4.33 – 4.45 2.00 1) 0.00 1.00 35.32 0.14 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b.
CD 6.3 1.22 – 1.39 0.25 4.08 0.50 1.50 92.76 n.b. 1.50 2.50 69.56 n.b.
CD 6.5 2.12 – 2.25 1.00 10.78 0.50 1.50 139.21 n.b. 1.50 2.50 119.23 n.b.
CD 9.4 0.79 – 0.95 0.50 2.51 0.75 1.50 95.81 0.34 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b.
1) Versuchsende vor dem Erreichen der Druckfestigkeit, weil die Dehnungsaufnehmer die Grenze des zulässigen Messbereichs erreicht hatten.
Seite 9
6 Fotodokumentation
Abbildung 1: Prüfkörper CD 2.13 vor Versuchsdurchführung
Abbildung 2: Prüfkörper CD 2.13 nach Versuchsdurchführung

(Einaxialer Druckversuch), Bruchbild
Seite 10
Abbildung 3: Prüfkörper CD 4.7 vor Versuchsdurchführung, Ver-

suchsaufbau

Seite 11

Seite 12

Seite 13
Abbildung 9: PrüfkörperCD 7.12 vor Versuchsdurchführung, Ver-

suchsaufbau

Seite 14

(Triaxialer Druckversuch), Bruchbild
Seite 15

Seite 16
Abbildung 16: Prüfkörper CD 3.1 vor Versuchsdurchführung,

Struktur im Anschnitt
Seite 17
Abbildung 17: Prüfkörper CD 3.1 nach Versuchsdurchführung,

Versuchsaufbau (Triaxialer Druckversuch)

Seite 18

Seite 19


Seite 20

Seite 21


Seite 22


Seite 23

Seite 24
Institut für Geotechnik
Professur für
Gebirgs- und Felsmechanik/Felsbau
Gesteinsmechanisches Labor
Ergebnisse der einaxialen Druckversuche
Anlage 1
zum Laborbericht vom 12.02.2014
Objekt: Salzsee „Salar de Uyuni“, Bolivien
Auftrag-Nr.: 14/005
Datum: 12.02.2014
Anzahl Seiten: 11 Seiten inkl. Deckblatt
Gustav-Zeuner-Straße 1 | 09596 Freiberg | Telefon: 03731 39-2358 | Fax: 03731 39-3638

E-Mail: thomas.fruehwirt@ifgt.tu-freiberg.de | Internet: www.ifgt.tu-freiberg.de
Institut für Geotechnik Datenfile: COMP_SING_DATA_CD 2.13 (2.54‐2.66m).xlsx
Einaxialer Druckversuch
Probenbezeichnung CD 2.13 (2.54-2.66m)
Axiale Dehnung Laut ISRM ist die Verringerung der Probenlänge positiv definiert.
Diametrale Dehnung Laut ISRM ist die Zunahme des Probendurchmessers negativ definiert.
Spannung über Dehnung

1.20
Axiale Dehnung
1.10
Diametrale Dehnung
1.00
0.90
Regelmodus: Axial Stroke
Rate: 0.01 mm/min
0.80
Axialspannung (N/mm²)
Anmerkung:
Der Versuch wurde nach
0.70 14867.74 s angehalten und
die Aufnehmer wurden
umgesetzt (neu justiert).
0.60 Versuchsende, weil
Dehnungsaufnehmer die
Grenze des zulässigen
0.50 Messbereichs erreicht
hatten.
0.40
max : 1.01 N/mm²
0.30
Ermittlung der
Verformungsparameter im
0.20 Intervall:
 [0.10,0.25] MPa
V (0.10-0.25 MPa): 97.78 MPa
0.10
 (0.10-0.25 MPa): 0.35
0.00
-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Dehnung (mm/mm)
Auftraggeber: vgs‐Ingenieure Prüfdatum: 28.01.14
Projektbezeichnung: Steinsalz Bolivien Arbeitsregister: Spannung vs. Dehnung (1)
Spannung über Länge

1.20
Änderung Länge
Messintervall (100mm)
1.10
Änderung Umfang
1.00
0.90 Regelmodus: Axial Stroke

Rate: 0.01 mm/min
0.80
Anmerkung:
Der Versuch wurde nach
0.70 14867.74 s angehalten und
die Aufnehmer wurden
umgesetzt (neu justiert).
0.60 Versuchsende, weil
hatten.
0.40
max : 1.01 N/mm²
0.30 Ermittlung der

Intervall:
0.20
 [0.10,0.25] MPa
V (0.10-0.25 MPa): 97.78 MPa
0.10  (0.10-0.25 MPa): 0.35
0.00
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0
Länge bzw. Umfang (mm)
Projektbezeichnung: Steinsalz Bolivien Arbeitsregister: Spannung vs. Länge (1)

2.40
Axiale Dehnung
2.20
2.00 Diametrale Dehnung
1.80
Rate: 0.10 mm/min
1.60
u: 2.29 N/mm²

1.40
Ermittlung der
1.20 Intervall:
 [0.20-0.70] MPa
1.00 V (0.20-0.70 MPa): 249.30 MPa
 (0.20-0.70 MPa): 0.49
0.80
 [0.80-1.60] MPa
V (0.80-1.60 MPa): 83.18 MPa
0.60
 (0.80-1.60 MPa): 1.19
0.40
0.20
0.00
-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06
Dehnung (mm/mm)

2.40
Änderung Länge
2.20
Änderung Umfang
2.00

Rate: 0.10 mm/min
1.60
u: 2.29 N/mm²

1.40
Ermittlung der
1.20 Intervall:
 [0.20-0.70] MPa
1.00 V (0.20-0.70 MPa): 249.30 MPa
 (0.20-0.70 MPa): 0.49
0.80
 [0.80-1.60] MPa
V (0.80-1.60 MPa): 83.18 MPa
0.60  (0.80-1.60 MPa): 1.19
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0

1.60
1.50 Axiale Dehnung
1.40
Diametrale Dehnung
1.30
1.20
Rate: 0.10 mm/min
1.10
1.00 u: 1.45 N/mm²
0.90 Ermittlung der

0.80 Intervall:
 [0.50-0.70] MPa
0.70 V (0.50-0.70 MPa): 204.22 MPa
 (0.50-0.70 MPa): 1.45
0.60
0.50
 [0.70-1.10] MPa
V (0.70-1.10 MPa): 107.26 MPa
0.40
 (0.70-1.10 MPa): 1.75
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Dehnung (mm/mm)

1.60
Änderung Länge
1.50 Messintervall (100mm)
1.40
Änderung Umfang
1.30
1.20
Rate: 0.10 mm/min
1.10
1.00 u: 1.45 N/mm²
0.90 Ermittlung der

0.80 Intervall:
 [0.50-0.70] MPa
0.70 V (0.50-0.70 MPa): 204.22 MPa
 (0.50-0.70 MPa): 1.45
0.60
0.50  [0.70-1.10] MPa
V (0.70-1.10 MPa): 107.26 MPa
0.40  (0.70-1.10 MPa): 1.75
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0

1.20
Axiale Dehnung
1.10
0.90
0.80

Rate: 0.01 mm/min
0.70
Anmerkung:
Versuchsende, weil
0.60 Dehnungsaufnehmer die
Messbereichs erreicht
0.50 hatten
0.40 max : 0.67 N/mm²
0.30 Ermittlung der

Intervall:
0.20  [0.10,0.25] MPa
V (0.10-0.25 MPa): 55.93 MPa
0.10  (0.10-0.25 MPa): 0.47
0.00
-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Dehnung (mm/mm)

1.20
Änderung Länge
1.10
Änderung Umfang
1.00
0.90
0.80

Rate: 0.01 mm/min
0.70
Anmerkung:
Versuchsende, weil
0.50 hatten
0.40 max : 0.67 N/mm²
Ermittlung der
0.30 Verformungsparameter im
Intervall:
0.20  [0.10,0.25] MPa
V (0.10-0.25 MPa): 55.93 MPa
 (0.10-0.25 MPa): 0.47
0.10
0.00
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0

1.20
Axiale Dehnung
1.10
0.90
Rate: 0.10 mm/min
0.80
u: 1.10 N/mm²

0.70
Ermittlung der
0.60 Intervall:
 [0.20-0.40] MPa
0.50 V (0.20-0.40 MPa): 67.07 MPa
 (0.20-0.40 MPa): 0.59
0.40
 [0.40-0.70] MPa
V (0.40-0.70 MPa): 62.70 MPa
0.30
 (0.40-0.70 MPa): 1.08
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.08 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Dehnung (mm/mm)

1.20
Änderung Länge
1.10
Änderung Umfang
1.00

Rate: 0.10 mm/min
0.80
u: 1.10 N/mm²
0.70
Ermittlung der
0.60 Intervall:
 [0.20-0.40] MPa
0.50 V (0.20-0.40 MPa): 67.07 MPa

 (0.20-0.40 MPa): 0.59
0.40
 [0.40-0.70] MPa
V (0.40-0.70 MPa): 62.70 MPa
0.30  (0.40-0.70 MPa): 1.08
0.20
0.10
0.00
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0
Institut für Geotechnik
Professur für
Gebirgs- und Felsmechanik/Felsbau
Ergebnisse der triaxialen Druckversuche
Anlage 2
zum Laborbericht vom 12.02.2014
Objekt: Salzsee „Salar de Uyuni“, Bolivien
Auftrag-Nr.: 14/005
Datum: 12.02.2014
Anzahl Seiten: 21 Seiten inkl. Deckblatt
Gustav-Zeuner-Straße 1 | 09596 Freiberg | Telefon: 03731 39-2358 | Fax: 03731 39-3638

E-Mail: thomas.fruehwirt@ifgt.tu-freiberg.de | Internet: www.ifgt.tu-freiberg.de
Institut für Geotechnik Datenfile: COMP_SING_DATA_CD 1.06 (2.0-2.14m).xlsx
Triaxialer Druckversuch
Probenbezeichnung Probe #CD 1.6 (2.0-2.14m)
Axiale Dehnung Nach ISRM ist die Verringerung der Probenlänge positiv definiert.
Diametrale Dehnung Nach ISRM ist die Zunahme des Probendurchmessers negativ definiert.

7.0
Axiale Dehnung
6.5
Diametrale Dehnung
6.0
Volumetrische Dehnung
5.5

Rate: 0.015 mm/min
4.5
Deviatorspannung (N/mm²)
Anmerkung:
Versuchsende, weil
hatten.
3.0
σ3: 1.00 N/mm²
2.5 max σ1: 7.13 N/mm²
max Δσ: 6.13 N/mm²
2.0
Ermittlung der
Intervall:
1.0 σ [1.00,2.50] MPa
V (1.00-2.50 MPa): 66.71 MPa
0.5 ν (1.00-2.50 MPa): 0.09
0.0
-0.5
-0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14
Dehnung (-)
Auftraggeber: vgs-Ingenieure Prüfdatum: 07.02.2014

Projektbezeichnung: Salar de Uyuni, Bolivien Arbeitsregister: Spannung vs. Dehnung

7.0
Änderung Länge Prüfkörper
6.5
6.0 Änderung Umfang
5.5

Rate: 0.015 mm/min
4.5
Anmerkung:
Versuchsende, weil
hatten.
3.0
σ3: 1.00 N/mm²
2.5 max σ1: 7.13 N/mm²
2.0
Ermittlung der
Intervall:
1.0 σ [1.00,2.50] MPa
V (1.00-2.50 MPa): 66.71 MPa
0.5 ν (1.00-2.50 MPa): 0.09
0.0
-0.5
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0

Projektbezeichnung: Salar de Uyuni, Bolivien Arbeitsregister: Spannung vs. Länge
8.0 0.16
7.5
0.14
7.0
0.12
6.5
6.0 0.10
5.5
0.08
5.0
Spannung (N/mm²)
0.06
Dehnung (-)
4.5
4.0 0.04
3.5
0.02
3.0
0.00
2.5
2.0 -0.02
1.5
-0.04
1.0
-0.06
0.5
0.0 -0.08
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000
Zeit (s)
Axialspannung Manteldruck Axiale Dehnung (Probenwegaufnehmer) Axiale Dehnung (Kolbenwegaufnehmer) Diametrale Dehnung

Projektbezeichnung: Salar de Uyuni, Bolivien Arbeitsregister: Versuchsablauf

5.0
Axiale Dehnung
4.0

Rate: 0.001 mm/min
3.0 Anmerkung:
Versuchsende, weil
hatten.
2.0 σ3: 0.50 N/mm²
max σ1: 5.21 N/mm²
1.5 max Δσ: 4.71 N/mm²
Ermittlung der
Intervall:
σ [1.00,3.00] MPa
0.5
V (1.00-3.00 MPa): 81.69 MPa
ν (1.00-3.00 MPa): 0.47
0.0
-0.5
-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Dehnung (-)

6.0 0.18
5.5 0.16
5.0 0.14
4.5 0.12
4.0 0.10
Spannung (N/mm²)
3.5 0.08
Dehnung (-)
3.0 0.06
2.5 0.04
2.0 0.02
1.5 0.00
1.0 -0.02
0.5 -0.04
0.0 -0.06
0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000 600 000
Zeit (s)


3.0
Axiale Dehnung
Diametrale Dehnung
2.5 Volumetrische Dehnung

Rate: 0.015 mm/min
2.0
Anmerkung:
Versuchsende, weil
1.5 hatten.
σ3: 0.25 N/mm²

max σ1: 2.82 N/mm²
1.0
Ermittlung der
Intervall:
σ [0.50,1.50] MPa
0.5 V (0.50-1.50 MPa): 28.56 MPa
ν (0.50-1.50 MPa): 0.45
0.0
-0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12
Dehnung (-)


3.0
Änderung Umfang
2.5

Rate: 0.015 mm/min
2.0
Anmerkung:
Versuchsende, weil
1.5 hatten.
σ3: 0.25 N/mm²

max σ1: 2.82 N/mm²
1.0
Ermittlung der
Intervall:
σ [0.50,1.50] MPa
0.5 V (0.50-1.50 MPa): 28.56 MPa
ν (0.50-1.50 MPa): 0.45
0.0
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

5.0 0.12
4.5 0.10
4.0 0.08
3.5 0.06
Spannung (N/mm²)
3.0 0.04
Dehnung (-)
2.5 0.02
2.0 0.00
1.5 -0.02
1.0 -0.04
0.5 -0.06
0.0 -0.08
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000
Zeit (s)


6.0
Axiale Dehnung
5.5
Diametrale Dehnung
5.0
4.5

Rate: 0.015 mm/min
3.5
3: 2.00 N/mm²

3.0 max : 7.11 N/mm²
max : 5.11 N/mm²
2.5
Ermittlung der
Intervall:
1.5  [0.00-1.00] MPa
V (0.00-1.00 MPa): 35.32 MPa
1.0  (0.00-1.00 MPa): 0.14
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
Dehnung (-)

6.0
5.5
4.5

Rate: 0.015 mm/min
3.5
3: 2.00 N/mm²

3.0 max : 7.11 N/mm²
max : 5.11 N/mm²
2.5
Ermittlung der
Intervall:
1.5  [0.00-1.00] MPa
V (0.00-1.00 MPa): 35.32 MPa
1.0  (0.00-1.00 MPa): 0.14
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0
8.0 0.300
7.5 0.275
7.0 0.250
6.5 0.225
6.0 0.200
5.5 0.175
5.0 0.150
Spannung (N/mm²)
Dehnung (-)
4.5 0.125
4.0 0.100
3.5 0.075
3.0 0.050
2.5 0.025
2.0 0.000
1.5 -0.025
1.0 -0.050
0.5 -0.075
0.0 -0.100
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000
Zeit (s)

5.0
4.5 Axiale Dehnung
4.0

Rate: 0.10 mm/min
3.0 3: 0.25 N/mm²

max : 4.33 N/mm²
max : 4.08 N/mm²
2.5
Ermittlung der
Intervall:
 [0.50,1.50] MPa
1.5 V (0.50-1.50 MPa): 92.76 MPa
 (0.50-1.50 MPa): n.b.
1.0  [1.50,2.50] MPa

V (1.50-2.50 MPa): 69.56 MPa
 (1.50-2.50 MPa): n.b.
0.5
0.0
-0.5
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10
Dehnung (-)

5.0
4.5 Änderung Länge Prüfkörper
4.0

Rate: 0.10 mm/min
3.0 3: 0.25 N/mm²

max : 4.33 N/mm²
max : 4.08 N/mm²
2.5
Ermittlung der
Intervall:
 [0.50,1.50] MPa
1.5 V (0.50-1.50 MPa): 92.76 MPa
 (0.50-1.50 MPa): n.b.
1.0  [1.50,2.50] MPa

V (1.50-2.50 MPa): 69.56 MPa
 (1.50-2.50 MPa): n.b.
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
5.0 0.12
4.5 0.10
4.0 0.08
3.5 0.06
Spannung (N/mm²)
3.0 0.04
Dehnung (-)
2.5 0.02
2.0 0.00
1.5 -0.02
1.0 -0.04
0.5 -0.06
0.0 -0.08
0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000
Zeit (s)
Axialspannung Manteldruck Axiale Dehnung (Kolbenwegaufnehmer)

12.0
11.0 Axiale Dehnung
10.0

Rate: 0.10 mm/min
8.0
3: 1.00 N/mm²

max : 11.78 N/mm²
7.0 max : 10.78 N/mm²
6.0 Ermittlung der

Intervall:
5.0  [0.50,1.50] MPa
V (0.50-1.50 MPa): 139.21 MPa
4.0  (0.50-1.50 MPa): n.b.
 [1.50,2.50] MPa
3.0
V (1.50-2.50 MPa): 119.23 MPa
 (1.50-2.50 MPa): n.b.
2.0
 [2.50,3.50] MPa
V (2.50-3.50 MPa): 111.32 MPa
1.0  (2.50-3.50 MPa): n.b.
0.0
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20
Dehnung (-)

12.0
11.0 Änderung Länge Prüfkörper
10.0

Rate: 0.10 mm/min
8.0
3: 1.00 N/mm²

max : 11.78 N/mm²
7.0 max : 10.78 N/mm²
6.0 Ermittlung der

Intervall:
5.0  [0.50,1.50] MPa
V (0.50-1.50 MPa): 139.21 MPa
4.0  (0.50-1.50 MPa): n.b.
 [1.50,2.50] MPa
3.0 V (1.50-2.50 MPa): 119.23 MPa
 (1.50-2.50 MPa): n.b.
2.0
 [2.50,3.50] MPa
V (2.50-3.50 MPa): 111.32 MPa
1.0  (2.50-3.50 MPa): n.b.
0.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0
12.0 0.22
11.0 0.20
10.0 0.18
9.0 0.16
8.0 0.14
Spannung (N/mm²)
7.0 0.12
Dehnung (-)
6.0 0.10
5.0 0.08
4.0 0.06
3.0 0.04
2.0 0.02
1.0 0.00
0.0 -0.02
0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000
Zeit (s)
Axialspannung Manteldruck Axiale Dehnung (Kolbenwegaufnehmer)

3.0
Axiale Dehnung
Diametrale Dehnung
2.5 Volumetrische Dehnung

2.0 Rate: 0.015 mm/min
σ3: 0.50 N/mm²

max σ1: 3.01 N/mm²
1.5 max Δσ: 2.51 N/mm²
Ermittlung der
1.0 Intervall:
σ [0.75,1.50] MPa
V (0.75-1.50 MPa): 95.81 MPa
ν (0.75-1.50 MPa): 0.34
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Dehnung (-)


3.0

2.0 Rate: 0.015 mm/min
σ3: 0.50 N/mm²

max σ1: 3.01 N/mm²
1.5 max Δσ: 2.51 N/mm²
Ermittlung der
1.0 Intervall:
σ [0.75,1.50] MPa
V (0.75-1.50 MPa): 95.81 MPa
ν (0.75-1.50 MPa): 0.34
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

5.0 0.12
4.5 0.10
4.0 0.08
3.5 0.06
Spannung (N/mm²)
3.0 0.04
Dehnung (-)
2.5 0.02
2.0 0.00
1.5 -0.02
1.0 -0.04
0.5 -0.06
0.0 -0.08
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000
Zeit (s)

V:\Projekte\5000\5094-KCI Industrial Plant in Bolivia\Kerndokumentation\5094_Kerndokumentation.dwg
1
0
5
4
6
CD 1
Photo documentation core drilling
5
4
7 ET
Appendix No: 4.1
Photo documentation core drilling Appendix No: 4.2.1
CD 2
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
6 7
7 8
8 9
9 10
10 11
11 12
12 13
13 14
14 15
15 16
CD 2
16 17
17 18
18 19
19 20
20 21
21
22
22 23
23 24
24 25
25 26
26 27
27 28
28 29
29 30 ET
1
0
5
4
3
CD 3
5
4
2
6 ET
Appendix No: 4.3
CD 4
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
6 7
7 8
8 9
9 10
10 11
11 12
12 13
13 14
14 15
15 16
CD 4
16 17
17 18
18 19
19 20
20 21
21 22
22 23
23 24
24 25
25 26
26 27
27
28 ET
1
0
5
4
3
CD 5
5
4
2
6 ET
Appendix No: 4.5
1
0
5
4
3
CD 6
5
4
2
6 ET
Appendix No: 4.6
CD 7
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8 9
9 10
10 11
11 12
12 13
13 14
14 15
15 16
CD 7
16 17
17 18
18 19
19 20
20 21
21 22
22 23
23 24
24 25
25 26
26 27
27 28
28 29
30 ET
29
1
0
5
4
3
CD 8
5
4
2
6 ET
Appendix No: 4.8
1
0
5
4
3
2
CD 9
5
4
2
6 ET
Appendix No: 4.9
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
0.2 0.26
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3
0.15 0.21
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
0.2 0.25
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

0.15 0.19
0.2
0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1

Bemerkung: Die Linien zwischen den Aufschlüssen sind hypothetisch!
Legende: Final Engineering Design

Mächtigkeit Salzkruste [m]
0,2
Maßstab: 1:2.000 Auftr.-Nr.: 5094
Mächtigkeit Salzkruste - Schicht 1 [m] Gezeichnet: Sc Anl.-Nr.: 5.1
Bearbeiter: So/Ki Datum: 14.02.2014

0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6
0.71 0.39
0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5
0.5 0.39
0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7
0.3 0.55
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7

0.6 0.43
0.39
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.6


Mächtigkeit Tonmudde [m]
0,6
Mächtigkeit Tonmudde - Schicht 2 [m] Gezeichnet: Sc Anl.-Nr.: 5.2

0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9
0.91 0.65
0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
0.65 0.6
0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 1
0.5 0.8
0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9

0.75 0.62
0.59
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7


Tiefenlage Steinsalz I [m]
0,75
Oberfläche Steinsalz I - Schicht 3 [m] Gezeichnet: Sc Anl.-Nr.: 5.3

5.67 5.21
5.2 5.27
4.5 4.7
4.85 5.28
5.05

Oberfläche Schicht 4/T1 [m]
0,6
Oberfläche Ton - Schicht 4 /T1 [m] Gezeichnet: Sc Anl.-Nr.: 5.4

20.83
21.42
21.69

Mächtigkeit Ton + Zwischenschichten [m]
21,6
Mächtigkeit Ton - Schicht 4 [m] Gezeichnet: Sc Anl.-Nr.: 5.5

26.18
26.77
26.69

Tiefenlage Oberfläche Steinsalz II [m]
26,7
Oberfläche Steinsalz II - Schicht 5 [m] Gezeichnet: Sc Anl.-Nr.: 5.6

0.13 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.16 0.12
0.15 0.14
0.18 0.11 0.1 0.12 0.16 0.13
0.15 0.15
0.14 0.1 0.19 0.13 0.16 0.18
0.14 0.13
0.1 0.12 0.1 0.14 0.13 0.14

0.14 0.16
0.16
0.1 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.14


Laugenspiegel unter GOK [m]
0,15
Laugenspiegel unter GOK [m] Gezeichnet: Sc Anl.-Nr.: 5.7

Messung des Laugenwasserspiegels
Aushub Salzkruste / Tonmudde
vgs INGENIEURE
Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH
99096 Erfurt, Arnstädter Straße 28
Tel.: 0361-78934-0 Fax: 78934-56
Projekt-Nr.
KCl Industrial Plant Uyuni - Bolivien 5094
Anlage-Nr.
Fotodokumentation Probefeld
6.1.1
Aushub und Steinschüttung
Längen-Maßstab Höhen-Maßstab gezeichn. geprüft Datum Bearbeiter

/ / Sc 27.02.14 Sc
Aufbringen Steinschüttung
Fertige Oberfläche Steinschüttung (+ 0,5 m ü. Gelände)
vgs INGENIEURE
Tel.: 0361-78934-0 Fax: 78934-56
Projekt-Nr.
Anlage-Nr.
6.1.2
Aushub und Steinschüttung

/ / Sc 27.02.14 Sc
Seitenentnahme für Probefeld
Aufbringen Ausgleichsschicht Kiessand (Stärke 0,2 m)
vgs INGENIEURE
Tel.: 0361-78934-0 Fax: 78934-56
Projekt-Nr.
Anlage-Nr.
6.2.1
Bodenaustausch

/ / Sc 27.02.14 Sc
Befeuchten und Verdichten
Fertiger Bodenaustausch (ca. 0,7 m ü. Gelände)
vgs INGENIEURE
Tel.: 0361-78934-0 Fax: 78934-56
Projekt-Nr.
Anlage-Nr.
6.2.2
Bodenaustausch

/ / Sc 27.02.14 Sc
Herstellung Schalung
Fertiger Unterbeton (Stärke 0,15 m)
vgs INGENIEURE
Tel.: 0361-78934-0 Fax: 78934-56
Projekt-Nr.
Anlage-Nr.
6.3
Herstellung Unterbeton

/ / Sc 27.02.14 Sc
REPORT OF RESULTS analytec Dr. Steinhau
Ingenieurgesellschaft für
GEOPHYSICS Baugrund, Geophysik und
Umweltengineering mbH
2D-surface wave seismic measurements (MASW) with energy

excitation by hammer-blows
Project:
Geophysik
Seismic measurements for the exploration of the subsoil
stratification on the building site of the KCl Industrial Plant Geotechnik
Project at Uyuni Salt Flats in Bolivia Hydrogeologie
Altlasterkundung
Customer: und -sanierung
vgs Ingenieure Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH

Arnstädter Straße 28 Beratung
99096 Erfurt
Konzeption
Techn. Realisierung
Interpretation
Project manager: Gutachten
Dr. rer. nat. D. Steinhau
Forschung
Entwicklung
analytec Project number:
M-124/2013
Chemnitz-Mittelbach, 28-02-2014
Geschäftsbereich Chemnitz
Aktienstraße 5a
D - 09224 Chemnitz, OT Mittelbach
Tel. (0371) - 85 21 09
Fax (0371) - 84 22 611
E-mail: analytec@steinhau.de
I nt er net:
htt p: // ww w.st einhau. de
Geschäftsbereich Dresden
Zur Wetterwarte 10, Hs. 107
D - 01109 Dresden
Tel. (0351) - 88 02 004
Fax (0351) - 88 89 660
E-mail: Dresden@steinhau.de
analytec Dr. Steinhau
Report of Results Geophysics analytec-Project-No. M-124/2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1 Introduction and Job Specification ..................................................................... 3

2 Documents Used for Project Planning and Data Processing .............................. 4
3 Location of the Survey Area ............................................................................... 4
4 Geological Situation of the Survey Area ............................................................. 6
5 Layout of the Geophysical Measurements ......................................................... 7
6 Surface Wave Seismic Measurements............................................................... 8
6.1 Introduction and Description of the Measurement Principle ........................ 8
6.2 Measurement and Data Acquisition Equipment....................................... 11
6.3 Data Processing ..................................................................................... 17
7 Interpretation of the Seismic Measurements .................................................... 21
LIST OF ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A 1 Arrangement of the geophysical measurement profiles 1 to 9 as well as a

map of the surface locations of core drillings and light-dynamic
penetrometer test probes, scale 1:2.000
Attachment A 2 Drilling profiles/bore logs for nine core drillings, as well as the hammer-blow
number diagrams n10 for selected light-dynamic penetrometer test (sheets
set up by vgs Ingenieure Dr. Köhler und Kirschstein GmbH)
Attachement A 3 Vertical cross-sections of the shear wave speeds for the measurement
profiles 1 to 9 with drillings marked up (schematic representation)
A 3, Sheet 1 Profile 1 to 6 in west-east-direction
A 3, Sheet 2 Profile 7 to 9 in south-north-direction
P:\2011\024_GNRE_KCl_Industrial_Plant_Bolivia\Allgemein\Liefer\Zulieferung\2014-03-
03_Geophysik_word\Uyuni_Salzsee_Kaliwerk_MASW_2014_02_28_mit_FP_eng.doc vom 11.03.2014 Page 2 of 23
1 Introduction and Job Specification
The Bolivian mining company GNRE-COMIBOL intends to build a potash fertilizer production
plant in the Uyuni Salt Flats. This project is named „KCl Industrial Plant“, and is to cover an
area of 25 ha at the end of the final construction stage. In preparation of the execution
planning, the Erfurt-based company ERCOSPLAN Ingenieurbüro Anlagentechnik GmbH
commissioned vgs Ingenieure Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH to perform geotechnical
surveys in order to be able to work out a safe foundation recommendation in view of the
intricate subsoil conditions to be expected in the salt flats.
Initially, the geotechnical surveys for the evaluation of the subsoil conditions on the potash
plant construction site were primarily intended to be carried out by installing pointwise subsoil
drillings (core drilling) on local geotechnical outcrops. For this purpose, nine rotary core
drillings with final depths of 6 to 30 m below ground level were made, the surface locations of
which were placed on the end-bearing surface of the planned buildings. In addition to the
core drillings, the implementation of light-dynamic penetrometer tests (DPL) was planned to
conclude on soil parameters (compactness, consistency limit, stiffness coefficient).
Given the fact that the area to be surveyed covers approximately 250.000 m 2, as well as that
the subsoil stratification is largely unknown in the planning phase of the subsoil survey, the
above-mentioned, direct geotechnical outcrops do not allow setting up a data base
sufficiently safe to be used for concluding on a subsoil model with complete coverage.
Consequently, the geotechnical expert office considered that it will be useful to carry out
surface-related geophysical measurements along several measurement lines (profiles) to be
defined in correlation with the geotechnical outcrop profiles in addition to the drillings and
probings. The geophysical survey results that are available from a study on the exploration of
deposits carried out by GECOH Exploration Bolivia in 2012, which were documented in a
report in 2013, constitute the basis for die fundamental decision of exclusively performing
seismic measurements on the site of the planned industrial plant at Uyuni Salt Flats, for the
reason that regarding the geological situation to be expected for the southern part of the
Uyuni Salt Flat, 2D-tomographic, hammer-blow seismic survey as a surface wave or shear
wave seismic measurement would be the only way to obtain a geophysical mapping of the
soil stratification in depths until 20 m below ground level, and to provide a problem-specific
definition of the details at reasonable expenditure. The implementation of refraction-seismic
measurements was rejected for being inexpedient due to a clay layer, „slow speed layer“,
which is expected to be beneath a covering rock salt layer („hidden layer“). For that reason,
geophysical field work carried out during a period limited to a maximum of 10 workdays were
mainly focussed on the 2D-tomographic data acquisition of surface waves gathered from
surface wave excitation (MASW = multi-channel analysis of surface waves).
2 Documents Used for Project Planning and Data Processing
The following documents were used for the elaboration of the geophysical measurement
project and for the evaluation of the propagation speeds of seismic waves detected in
relation to their depths, and represented as a vertical section diagram regarding the subsoil
stratification which can be interpreted on the basis of these data:
U 1 GECOH Exploration Bolivia (2013): Final Report „Geophysical study to generate a

preliminary model for the exploration drilling well, in the first phase, in the area of Rio
Grande of the Uyuni Salt Lake“, 25 p. a. 123 attachments (Authors: Dr. Rodriguez
Echeverria & Rodriguez Loayza).
U 2 KNÖDEL, K., KRUMMEL, H., LANGE, G. (Hrsg.) (2007): Handbuch zur Erkundung des
Untergrundes von Deponien. Vol. 3, Geophysik. Springer Berlin, 2nd revised edition.
U 3 HAYASHI, K., J. (2003): Data Acquisition and Analysis of Active an Passive Surface
Wave Methods. SAGEEP 2003 Short Course (summary of lecture).
U 4 Geometrics Inc.: SeisImager/SW TM Manual (2006).
Moreover, the analysis of the core samples taken from the nine core drillings to the survey
area in November 2013, as well as the hammer-blow number diagrams n10 of lightdynamic
penetrometer tests (DPL) has been included in the interpretation of the seismographs. The
drilling profiles and bore logs of the subsoil drillings are enclosed to this report as attachment
A 3 for better understanding of the seismogram interpretation.
3 Location of the Survey Area
The survey area covering a surface 500 m x 500 m as specified by the customer is situated
in the southern part of Uyuni Salt Flats. The edges of the square-shaped measurement area
are oriented towards the north-south and west-east directions, respectively. The following
northing and easting values (WGS84 coordinates) characterise the edges of the
measurement area:
Table 1: WGS 84 coordinates of the edges of the measurement area
Edge point Northing Easting

SW edge 7 723 500 N 670 400 E
NW edge 7 724 000 N 670 400 E
NE edge 7 724 000 N 670 900 E
SE edge 7 723 500 N 670 900 E
The surface of the area in the salt flats is entirely plain, except for a few plateaus piled up for
drilling work. These surfaces consisting of salt rubble and used for the erection of the drilling
rigs elevate to maximally 60 cm above the level of the salt crust. The picture below gives an
idea of the morphology of the salt flats in the survey area.
Picture 1: Survey area with plateaus piled up for core drillings
4 Geological Situation of the Survey Area
The geological situation in the survey area is described in detail by the geotechnical report
that the expert office vgs Ingenieure Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH worked out with regard
to the “KCl Industrial Plant” project. Therefore, only a short outline will be given here to the
extent as required to explain the subsoil stratification and for better understanding of the
results of interpretation obtained by the hammer-blow seismic measurements.
The inference of the subsoil model is mainly based on the three core drillings with a depth of
30 m each, which are designated CD 2, CD 4 and CD 7 on the plot plan enclosed as
attachment. Attachment A 2 contains the drilling profiles/bore logs resulting from core
sampling carried out for the geotechnical outcrops drilled in the survey area. In general, the
subsoil stratification is subdivided into the following main layers and layer complexes
regarding the interpretation of the hammer-blow seismic measurements.
Table 2: Geological standard profile in the survey area
Nr. Layer Layer-UK (m) Thickness (m) Material Composition

1 Salt crust 0.18 – 0.25 0.18 – 0.25 Mainly rock salt
Mainly saline, slightly sandy
2 Clay mud 0.65 – 1.00 0.55 – 0.75
clay, soft consistence
Mainly coarse-grained rock
3 Rock salt I 4.50 – 5.70 3.90 – 4.60
salt
Clay, partially organic and
with salt streaks, soft to stiff
consistence, several
Clay
4 26.29 – 26.80 21.00 - 21.90 intercalated rock salt layers
complex
up to approx. 1 m, mainly
between 11 m and 16 m
below ground level
Coarse-grained rock salt
5 Rock salt II unknown unknown with intercalated
argillaceous interlayers
Moreover, several peat layers with a max. thickness of 30 cm are intercalated into the clay
complex, as well as a gypsum layer with a thickness of 20 cm to 30 cm located at depths of
6.20 m and 7.00 m below ground level. The clays having a significantly high content of
organic material, as well as peats and muds showing a clearly perceptible smell of hydrogen
sulphide, it can be assumed that there is an intense formation of gas in the mud located near
the surface and in the clay complex as a result of decomposition of existing organic material.
The ground water level reaches directly to beneath the salt crust. After breaking up the salt
crust, the water level adjusted to approx. 0.15 cm below the upper edge of the salt crust.
5 Layout of the Geophysical Measurements
The final report on the survey carried out by GECOH Exploration Bolivia in 2013 (U 1)
evaluates the geophysical methods tested, i.e. by geo-electric resistance method, self-
potential logging, electromagnetic measurements (Very Low Frequency - VLF),
electromagnetic reflection (geo-radar) and refraction seismic measurements (energy
excitation by hammer blow) with regard to their applicability, reliability and measurement
progress. This report turned out that geo-electrical resistance method and the
electromagnetic measurements are well suited for the exploration of deposits until a depth of
approx. 60 m. However, the standards that these methods perform with regard to the
accuracy in lateral and vertical delimitation of layer complexes are quite poor. Regarding the
arrangements for potential measurement chosen by GECOH Exploration Bolivia, the error in
identifying the vertical location of layer boundarys at a depth of more than 50 m was between
10 and 15 m.
In contrast with the potential measurement method used (geo-electric resistance method,
self-potential measurement and VLF), geo-radar and the refraction seismic method, which
are based on the measurement of the reflection of electromagnetic and seismic waves,
however, brought more accurate data about the depth level of the detected layer boundaries,
though, but did not deliver sufficient results with regard to depth reach (geo-radar) or
completeness of layer sequences (refraction seismic). Due to an extremely high electrical
conductivity of the subsoil types directly outcropping beneath the salt crust, geo-radar
measurements supplied analysable reflection signals only to a depth of 4 to 5 below ground
level, even when using low-frequency antennas.
Refraction-seismic measurements generally require an increase of the propagation speed of

longitudinal waves with increasing depth in order to allow detecting the depth level of layer
boundaries between the individual soil and rock layers. If the wave propagation speed vp of
the underlying layer is lower than the speed in the overlaying layer, no refracted wave or
head wave forms at the interface between these two layers. Consequently, it is not possible
to localise the interface by using the refraction-seismic measurements. The so-called „slow
propagation layer“ or „hidden layer“ do not become apparent through data record processing.
Since the P wave propagation speed usually correlates with rock density, a clay layer
situated between two accompanying salt layers is to be regarded as „slow propagation layer“
or „hidden layer“, thus not being shown in the vertical speed distribution when using
conventional, refraction-seismic analysis methods.
So, the only promising solution to the hidden-layer problem seems to be the use of surface
wave seismic measurements, because the implementation of reflection-seismic
measurements conceivable to be an alternative for the envisaged survey depth of 30 m
maximally below ground level was also to be expected to cause considerable problems to
the interpretation of the registered wave field. This is due to the fact that in flat-seismic
measurements, a superposition of reflected waves and surface waves (Rayleigh and Love
waves) usually takes place in the near field. A segregation between the wave components of
reflected waves and surface waves is only possible, if at all, when using a high number of
filters during processing, and should therefore be avoided in connection with these seismic
measurements limited to a relatively small area.
In order to get an overview of the continuity of the subsoil stratification and the local changes
in the layer thickness of the survey area 25 ha in size, six measurement profiles were
conceived that are arranged in west-east direction, all of them being located at a 100 m
equal distance from each other. The correlation of peculiar structures located inside the
sequence of layers of the subsoil along these six measurement lines was to be established
by measurements on three seismic profiles orthogonally oriented to each other. In this
arrangement, a centrally located profile crossed all six west-east profiles, whilst the two other
lines were focused on the edge areas of a building location situated in the east of the building
site. The layout of all the seismic measurement lines can be seen from the overall plot plan in
attachment A 1.
6 Surface Wave Seismic Measurements

6.1 Introduction and Description of the Measurement Principle
During the last decades, geophysicists developed a number of seismic methods. What all
these methods have in common is the utilisation of seismic waves propagating in the subsoil.
The origin of the seismic waves, which can be compared with sound waves travelling in air,
can be, for example, an earthquake (seismology) or a blast, or by energy excitation using
hammer blows or accelerated drop weights (in the form of reflection, refraction or surface
wave seismic methods). In connection with seismic measurement, the energy input into the
subsoil is called a „shot“. Seismic measurements determine different properties of seismic

waves (run time, frequency, phase etc.). The probes used are so-called „geophones“, which
are able to detect even the slightest soil vibration. These geophones largely consist of freely
oscillating inductor coils, generating induction voltages caused by oscillation contingent upon
their path of motion. The voltages induced are forwarded to an amplifier, and finally to a
memory circuit. If an artificial source is used to generated the seismic waves, the advantage
is that time and place of the seismic wave origin is known, upon which wave propagation
analysis can be based.
Seismic waves are refracted, reflected, focused, defocussed, accelerated or delayed

depending on the structure and physical properties of the subsoil. According to the theory,
conclusions can be drawn from the data on the shot point positions and times, the wave run
times and the respective emergence locations defined by the geophone positions with regard
to the structure of the medium explored. Each seismic event creates a wide spectrum of
many different wave types (e. g. surface waves, shear waves, as well as transversal and
longitudinal waves).
Surface waves are subdivided into Rayleigh waves and Love waves. The wave types usually
used for the practical execution of the measurements are Rayleigh waves. Practical
measurement takes advantage of a particular property inherent to surface waves, i.e. the so-
called „dispersion“, which provides information on phase speed contingency upon frequency.
That is to say that the frequency of the phase speeds vary in layered media with varying
layer speeds. Low-frequency waves have a lower propagation speed than waves of higher
frequencies. For soil stratifications with different petrophysicalical properties of the materials
(density, water content etc.), this results in the formation of characteristic dependencies
between phase speed of the surface wave and the related frequency, designated as „phase-
to-speed-curve“ or „dispersion curve“. The following properties moreover characterise the
surfaces waves:
 The phase speed of the Rayleigh wave corresponds to the propagation speed
of shear waves (S waves).
 The phase speed of the Rayleigh wave is at 90 to 95 % of the phase speed of
shear waves.
 Differences in the wave length of surface waves moreover entail different
exploration depths.
 But: Surface waves also allow exploring layer interfaces of a slow-propagation
layer located beneath a covering layer characterised a higher wave propagation
speed!
Using an appropriate processing method (Fourier transformation from time to frequency

range, iteration and reverse transformation) and the related software, it is possible to infer a
sequence of layers with different wave propagation speeds in the subsoil from the phase-to-
speed curve in at least partially homogeneous subsoil layers at the surroundings of the
measurement point. This approach is also used to calculate a sequence of layers with
defined layer thicknesses originating from a seismogram of a measurement point (1D-
MASW), and/or a spread as a vertical section of the shear wave speeds for a major distance
provided that the sequence of individual measurements on a measurement line is dense
enough (2D-MASW).
Fig. 1: Measurement principle of a surface-wave-seismic measurement (from U 3).
Further details on the theoretical fundamentals of the geophysical measurement method

under scrutiny, and the algorithms used to process and evaluate the informative value of
surface-seismic measurements can be gathered from the publications and references stated
in section 2 (U 2 to U 4).
6.2 Measurement and Data Acquisition Equipment
The hammer blow seismic measurements used (a maximum of) two digital twenty-four-
channel measurement devices of the GEODE type, make: Geometrics Inc. (USA). Picture 2
below shows the equipment used.
Picture 2: Seismic measurement equipment GEODE by Geometrics Inc.
Initially, the energy source used for wave excitation was a piezoelectrically triggered sledge
hammer of 5 kg. A metal plate was used to inject the energy into the soil. In order to improve
the signal-to-noise ratio, measurements were repeated by executing several hammer blows
according to the stack principle. Stacking was between two-fold and eight-fold depending on
data quality.
The probes used were vertically oscillating 14 Hertz geophones. Due to the short period in
time between placement of order and departure to Bolivia, it wasn’t possible to get
geophones working at the lower frequency of 4.5 Hz. For coupling the geophone to the salt
crust, it was necessary to drill a well at each of the reception locations using a punch, so that
a geophone could be introduced (cf. picture 3 on the next page).
Picture 3: 14 Hz geophone after coupling to the salt crust
Picture 4: Cable spreading (section or spread) with 48 geophones
A MGOS (Multi Geode Operating System) provided by the hardware manufacturer was used
to control the max. 48 channels of the seismic equipment in combination with the Seismodule
Controller Software (version 9.14) by Geometrics Inc..
The entire geophysical field work was carried out from 04-11 to 14-11-2013. At first,
however, it was necessary to define the edge points of the survey area and to mark up the
100 m grid. This work was carried out from 04-11 to 06-11-2013 by a COMIBOL survey crew.
That’s why, only one first seismic test measurement could be carried out on 04-11-2013
along the measurement line no. 1 (x = 0 m) using a Fixed Receiver Spread Configuration in a
single section to get a first 2D-MASW capture in the measurement field by using 24
geophones (14 Hz), at a distance of both 2 m and 4 m between shot point and geophone.
Messprofil
Measurement (Entfernung)
profile (distance)
Die
TheGeophone
geophonesliegen physisch nur auf
are physically
einer Linie. on
arranged Die Darstellung mehrerer
a single line. The
Auslagen soll nur den
diagram showing Messfortschritt
several spreads is
für dieto
only gesamte geschossene
illustrate Sektion
the measurement
veranschaulichen.
progress for the entire closed section.
(Schussnummer)
Data acquisition (shot number)
Aufnahmepunkt/Empfänger
Reception point / receiver
Datenerfassung
(Geophon)
(geophone)
Energy excitation
Energieanregung
(shot point)
(Schusspunkt)
Länge
Length der Auslage
of spread (a) (a)
Fig. 2: Arrangement of the geophone and shot points for the Fixed Receiver
Spread Configuration with 24 geophones (modified version of U 4).
As soon as during the night of 04-11-2013, the seismograms were examined for a first
interpretation using the SeisImager/SW software in order to evaluate the viability prospects
of this measuring arrangement. We have found out that under the existing physical
conditions of the terrain and given a distance of 4 m between the geophones, it can be
expected to obtain technically valid measurement results until a depth of at least 15 m below
ground level. With regard to the structural exploration envisaged for the load transfer range
of the building, these results were considered to be sufficient. Consequently, it has been
decided to survey all six measurement profiles laid out in W-E direction and the three profiles
aligned in N-S direction using the hammer blow seismic method with geophones installed at
a distance of 4 m. The observation scheme chosen here is a Continuous Fixed Receiver
Configuration with 24 geophones in one spread. This means that each time after 12 shots
(i.e. half of the spread length), the entire spread was shifted by half a spread length a/2 or 12
geophone distances into the direction of the end of a profile. Figure 3 below illustrates the
data acquisition scheme.
Fig. 3: Geophone and shot point arrangement for the Continuous Fixed Receiver
Spread Configuration with 24 geophones.
For the „routine measurements“, the first shot point at the front end of the profile was always
2 m upstream of the first geophone of the related spread. In total, nine geophone system
relocations were carried out on each of the seven profiles 524 m long.
Table 3 summarises once again the most significant data of the scrutiny scheme relating to
the 9 measurement lines during 2D-MASW measurements.
Table 3: Overview of the measurement lines seismically examined
Meas Distance
Measu Distance Number of
urem Profile Profile between Number of
rement between Geophone
ent location length shot shot
directi geophone s per
profil at in m points points
on s in m spread
e (m)
1 W-E y=0m 524 4 4 133 24
2 W-E y = 100 m 524 4 4 133 24
3 W-E y = 200 m 524 4 4 133 24
4 W-E y = 300 m 524 4 4 133 24
5 W-E y = 400 m 524 4 4 133 24
6 W-E y = 500 m 524 4 4 133 24
7 S-N x = 200 m 524 4 4 133 24
8 N-S x = 285 m 172 4 4 44 24
9 N-S x = 500 m 172 4 4 44 24
For the 24-channel seismic measurements, the geode with the serial no. 4163 was used.
In addition, the following settings were made to the seismic equipment for data acquisition of
the prescribed measurement scheme:
Record length: 500 ms

Scan interval: 0.5 ms
Gain: automatic
Stacking: mainly 5-fold
Moreover, it should be mentioned that another set of additional measurements with a larger
number of 14 Hz geophones (48 units), a horizontal excitation of shear waves, and the
respective horizontally oriented geophones (48 units) were performed on the measurement
line no. 7 after termination of the surface-wave seismic “routine measurements” covering the
whole surface. Regarding the 48-channel measured value acquisition, the device with the
serial number 5203 was brought into operation in addition to the geode with the serial
number 4163.
These 48-channel measurements, however, were not used for a large-area structural
interpretation of the subsoil stratification, because the seismograms of the additional
measurements relating to those geophones located at a far distance from the signal sources
showed very low amplitudes (near the general noise level), so they didn’t delivery any
significant increase in knowledge compared with the „routine measurements“ with the 24
geophones (vertically oscillating devices, 14 Hz) as far as their depth level of the layer
boundaries in the construction field is concerned. The following table gives an overview of
the the seismic measurements in chronological order.
Table 4: Summary of the daily work for the execution of seismic measurements
Measuring
Date Activities
Distance
Unpacking the equipment, test measurements on profile 1
138
04-11-2013 with distance between geophones of 2 m and 4 m, 24
profile meters
geophones
Measurements on profile 1, Spread 1 to 10, 4 m 524
05-11-2013
geophone distance, 24 geophones profile meters
06-11-2013
Measurements on profile 6, Spread 1 to 3, 4 m geophone 140
distance, 24 geophones profile meters
07-11-2013
08-11-2013
09-11-2013
10-11-2013
11-11-2013

12-11-2013 Shear wave seismic on profile 7, profile meter 0 to 192, 4
192
m geophone distance, 48 geophones, double
profile meters
measurements (excitation both from the left and the right)
Data processing and preparation of the shipment for the No
13-11-2013
seismic equipment measurement
The seismic measurements carried out to survey the construction field of the KCl Industrial
Plant at Uyuni Salt Flats covered a total profile length of 3,946 m. Energy input to the subsoil
was effected via 1096 excitation points, the geophones having been installed at 1172
locations. Moreover, test, repetitive and supplementary measurements were carried out over
a path length of 820 m.
6.3 Data Processing
Processing of the field measurement data was performed by using the SeisImager/SW
software by Geometrics Inc. enabling the analysis of active and passive multi-channel
capture surface wave data (1D and 2D-MASW as well as MAM). The software package
utilised for data processing consists of three separately callable subroutines: Pickwin (Vers.
3.3.0.3) for editing the data of single shots, for picking initial onsets of wave trains, as well as
for the calculation of dispersion curves of phase speeds; WaveEq (Vers. 2.2.0.3) for the
analysis of surface waves by way of iterative adaptation, measured wave runtime
distributions with model computations on the basis of a start model derived from dispersion
curves, and moreover for the logout of vs vertical sections; as well as the GeoPlot modul
(Vers. 8.2.6.1) for the visualisation of the speed-to-depth sections on the basis of the depth-
related shear wave speed vs. User guidance is provided via the Surface Wave Analysis
Wizard, which constitutes a kind of batch file for the entire processing process. The
SeisImager/SW software manual can be downloaded as a PDF file via Internet from the
website: www.geometrics.com.
Figure 4 on the next page shows a seismogram of profile 7 as a measurement example,

where the terminal point is located at 34 m. In order to facilitate illustration, the traces
recorded with 500 ms were shortened to 300 ms. The seismic traces of the sample
seismogram show both the direct waves and surface waves. The amplitudes above a pre-
defined level of the recorded oscillation wave trains were cut off (CLIP representation).
Fig. 4: Sample seismogram of the measurement line no. 7, terminal point at 34 m
The seismograms of each single shot have been consolidated into a complete data record
for the measurement line before processing by using Pickwin software. In cases where
needed, corrections were made to the geometric data of the individual arrangements, such
as shot points or geophone positions.
The entire data processing was then carried out retaining the specified standard values of
the WaveEq software over the period from 27-01 to 31-01-2014. Figures 5 and 6 serve as
examples for the processing of the dispersion curves obtained with regard to phase speed
before and after filtering of the frequency range, as well as with and without higher modes.
Fig. 5: Dispersion curves of the phase speed of profile 7 before filtering and before
separation from the higher modes
Fig. 6: Dispersions curves of phase speed for profile 7 after filtering and
separation of the higher modes
The data records of the depth-related shear wave speeds obtained for the nine measurement
profiles are visualised as isoline diagrams in the two sheets of attachment A 3. Attachment A
3, sheet no. 1 contains a summary of the shear-wave-speed-to-depth sections for the six W-
E measurement lines, whilst sheet no. 2 of attachment A 3 shows the three speed-to-depth
sections for the three profiles oriented in N-S direction.
7 Interpretation of the Seismic Measurements
It can be assumed that no dramatic changes are to be expected in the lateral profile of the
survey area with regard to the thickness of the main subsoil layers. This observation is
substantiated by the findings obtained by drill core analyses of the three core drillings CD 2,
CD 4 and CD 7 made to a depth of 30 m each time. According to these results, the layer
interfaces for the three complexes: rock salt I, clay complex and rock salt II (upper edge) in
the survey area varied only by a few decimeters in vertical direction. The core sampling of
each of the three core drillings to a depth of 30 m resulted in a very similar layer profile,
which made it possible to set up a correlation between both the individual layer complexes,
and the intermediate layers of smaller thickness.
The other six core drillings at reduced depth, which were combined with the subsequent
light-dynamic penetrometer probings, also confirm the observation that the subsoil
stratification of the construction site is very homogeneous in lateral direction. Consequently,
it can be predicted that there are no significant displacements in shear wave speed alongside
the individual measurement lines considering the interpretation results of the geophysical
measurements, based on the results of subsoil exploration.
The above prognosis relating to the visual appearance of the speed-to-depth sections of the
nine seismic measurement lines is confirmed by the isoline diagrams of the shear wave
speed contained in attachment A 3. When examining the vertical sections representing the
calculated shear wave propagation speed vs, the first striking feature is that a three-layer
case can be recognised for all speed-to-depth sections. Moreover, there are only minor
variations laterally in the calculated shear wave speeds within the individual layers (except
for a few edge effects as it is the case in profile 1). The three main layer complexes form two
bands with a higher speed (rock salt) and a zone lying in-beween showing lower speeds
(clay complex with intercalated peat, gypsum and rock salt layers of small thickness).
Table 5: Allocation of the shear wave speeds to the layer complexes
Material Shear wave speed vs in m/s

Upper rock salt deposit (rock salt I) 600 - 700
Clay complex 300 - 400
Lower rock salt deposit (rock salt II) > 600
Since the salt crust with a thickness of approx. 20 cm reaching up to ground surface, and the
subsequent clay mud layer reaching just to a depth of 1 m, they do not become apparent as
a separate speed band in the vertical sections due to methodological reasons. Provoked by
the computational evaluation algorithm, the layer boundary between the rock salt deposits
and the clay complex in the vertical sections does not appear as a sharp limit, but is to be
relocated into the transition zone between the speed maximum and the gradient zone of the
vertical speed distribution after reconciliation with the layer bore logs of the core drillings.
Lateral variations of the calculated shear wave speeds (maxima and minima of vs) within the
upper salt layer and inside the clay layer complex could have been caused by local changes
in the stratification scheme (e. g. salt deposits of small thickness in clay), or even by changes
in the water contents or consistency of the clay subsoils (e.g. from stiff to soft). Attempts at
correlating the shear wave speeds measured within the clay complex with the dynamic
stiffness coefficient of the soils or unconsolidated rock have not yet been made to date, but
could still be carried out later on, once the results of soil-mechanical laboratory examinations
to selected core samples are available.
However, as far as the cause of local anomalies is concerned, it is also conceivable that
there may have been minor changes in the propagation conditions for surface waves, e. g. in
profile sections, where the thin pile-ups for the drilling locations on the underlying salt crust
are situated. This could probably cause local artefacts of vs in the measured date inversion,
which later appear as local maxima of shear wave speed in the vertical section diagram (e. g.
on profile 6 at the 315 m profile mark or on profile 2 at the 310 m profile mark).
The conclusion to be drawn from the geophysical surface measurements can be summarised
as follows: The shear-wave-speed-to-depth sections determined do not provide any evidence
of dramatic changes in the constructions site subsoil layers in the zone between the drilling
locations. The subsoil model derived from the subsoil drillings can be regarded as being
continuous for the entire 25 ha construction site, where there are only very few variances of
the depth level of layer boundaries between the three main layer complexes, i.e. rock salt I,
clay layers and rock salt II, in the order of some decimeters. The results of the surface-wave-
seismic measurements do not provide any clue to dramatic local changes (not detected by
drillings) in the depth level of layer boundaries, or changes in the thickness of the rock salt
layer I. The geotechnical subsoil model represented in table 2 can therefore be applied to the
entire surface of 500 m x 500 m geophysically examined without limitations.
______________________
Dr. rer. nat. D. Steinhau
- Geophysicist -
Ponds Profil 7
DPL F1 DPL F2 DPL F3 DPL F4 DPL F5 DPL F6
7 724 000 N Profil 6
Retention Basin Truck Unloading Retention Basin
DPL E1 DPL E2 DPL E3 DPL E4 DPL E5 DPL E6
Profil 5
Retention Basin
CD 1 CD 2
DPL CD1 DPL CD2
Maintenance
Warehouse
Area Incoming Retention Basin Wet Salt Storage
DPL D1 DPL D2 DPL D3 DPL D4 DPL D5 DPL D6
Local Grid
Profil 4
Casa de Fuerza
CD 3 CD 4
DPL CD3 DPL CD4
Retention Basin
Water Supply
osbl
Water Supply DPL C1 DPL C2 DPL C3 Profil 9 Profil 8
DPL C4 DPL C5 DPL C6
Area Administration Process Building Profil 3
and Social Facilities
Power Supply Tailing Pile
Generator Station
Delivery Area for
Heating Media Drying
CD 5 CD 6
DPL CD5 DPL CD6
Power Station
DPL B1 DPL B2 DPL B3 DPL B4 DPL B5 DPL B6
Product Storage Profil 2 Legende:

Truck Loading
CD 7 Power Supply CD 8
Gebäude ( Bereich von ERCOSPLAN )
DPL CD7 DPL CD8 CD 9
osbl DPL CD9
Gebäude ( ERCOSPLAN optional )

Retention Basin
DPL A1 DPL A2 DPL A3 DPL A4 DPL A5 DPL A6
Hammerschlagseismisches Messprofil
Profil 1
7 723 500 N Profil 1
mit Bezeichnung und Orientierung
670 400 E
670 900 E
Ansatzpunkt einer leichten Rammsondierung
DPL A1
mit Bezeichnung
Ansatzpunkt einer Kernbohrung und

CD 1
anschließender leichter Rammsondierung
DPL CD1
(DPL) mit Bezeichnung
Projekt: Geophysikalische Untersuchungen im Baufeld der KCl Industrial Plant auf dem Salar von Uyuni
Titel: Anordnung der geophysikalischen Messprofile sowie Lage

der Ansatzpunkte von Kernbohrungen und leichten
Rammsondierungen
Projekt-Nr.: M-124/2013 erstellt: Kossatz Datum: 11.12.2013 analytec Dr. Steinhau
Ingenieurgesellschaft für Baugrund,
Anlage: A1 gez.: Kossatz Ausfertigung: Geophysik und Umweltengineering mbH
Aktienstraße 5a, 09224 Chemnitz, OT Mittelbach
1 : 2.000 Tel. 0371 - 85 21 09, Fax 0371 - 84 22 611
Maßstab: gepr.: Dr. Steinhau http://www.steinhau.de
3661 3661
CD 1
3660.03 m
3660 0.15
1
0.00 3660
GP5094CD1.1 0.85 2 0.20

Kernverlust
3659 UP5094CD1.4 1.00 0.85 0.60
3659
1.18
UP5094CD1.5 1.43
1.59 0.80
Ton, weich, braun, TA
3658 UP5094CD1.6 2.00 0.91 3658
2.14 Salz, tonig, organisch, grusig, locker,
UP5094CD1.7 2.58 schwarzgrau, dunkelgrau
2.69 1.00
3657 3657
3
3656 3656
3655 3655
GP5094CD1.2 5.75
4T1
5.67 DPL CD1
3654 GP5094CD1.3
5.75
6.20 4 3653.68 m 10 20 30 40 50
3654
6.20 5.83 N10
6.08
3653 Ton, mit Salzschmitzen und -kristallen, steif-halbfest,
421 53
3653
grau, TA 1,00
6.36
3652 3652
13.11.2013 2,00
3651 3651
3,00
3650 3650
4,00
3649 3649
5,00
5.50 m
3648 3648
m
13.11.2013

0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
4 Ton
4G Gips
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
UPx 0.85
0.85
GPx 0.85
0.85 M-124/2013
CD 1, DPL CD1
3.50
(02.99)
Grundwasser angebohrt muGOK Anlage-Nr.
2.1.1
Schicht halbfest of a KCl Industrial Plant in Bolivia
Schicht weich gezeichn. Datum Bearbeiter
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661
CD 2
3660.13 m
0.14 0.00
3660 GP5094CD2.1 0.30 1
0.30 2 0.15
Salzgrus, tonig-stark tonig, organisch, locker, schwarz
0.26
3659 Ton, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), organisch,
starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich,
schwarzbraun, OT (TA)
0.65
3658 UP5094CD2.12 2.00
2.12
UP5094CD2.13 2.54
2.66
3
3657
3656 UP5094CD2.14 4.05

4.17
UP5094CD2.15 4.65
4.77
3655 5.30 5.21
GP5094CD2.2
5.30
4T1
Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich,
DPL CD2
3654.03 m 10 20 30 40 50
3654 4 5.35
N10
GP5094CD2.3 6.50
6.50
3653 UP5094CD2.16 7.00 4G 6.00 1,00

GP5094CD2.4 7.30 Ton, im engen Wechsel mit Salzschmitzen, steif-halbfest, 300
7.15
7.30
7.00
3652 7.16
2,00
GP5094CD2.5 8.50
8.50 7.30
Ton, organisch, weich, schwarz, grauschwarz, TA/OT
3651 7.60 3,00
GP5094CD2.6 9.50 4
9.50
3650 4,00
4.80 m
3649 11.17 10.11.2013
GP5094CD2.7 11.50
11.50 weich, grau, TA
4S1 11.28
3648 Ton, vereinzelt Salzschmitzen, steif, grau, TA
11.68
12.27
3647 4 12.73
GP5094CD2.8 13.50 Ton, organisch, weich-steif, grauschwarz, TA
13.50 13.70
3646 4S2 grau, TA
GP5094CD2.9 14.50 4 14.05
14.50
14.19 1 Salzkruste
3645 4S2 14.80 2 Tonmudde
15.76
3644 4T2
arsenhaltig, starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich, 3 Steinsalz 1
4 16.30 4 Ton
Ton, weich-steif, grau, TA
3643 17.30
4T3 Torf, tonig, arsenhaltig, weich, braun, gelbbraun, HZ 4T Torf
17.36
3642 4G Gips
4S Salz
3641 5 Steinsalz 2
GP5094CD2.10 19.50
19.50
GPx 0.30
3640 0.30
Ton, von 18.3-18.4 m mit Salzschmitzen durchsetzt, 0.85
UPx
bis 22.5 m weich-steif -> weich, grau, TA 0.85
3639 3.50
4 (02.99)
3638 Schicht steif
Schicht weich-steif
3637
GP5094CD2.11 23.50 Schicht steif-halbfest
23.50
23.86
Schicht fest
3636
Ton, Salzkristalle, weich, -> steif, grau, TA Schicht weich
3635
25.61
4T4 Ton, mit Torflagen, arsenhaltig, weich-steif,
3634 4
25.80
Ton, stark mit Salzgrus durchsetzt, steif, grau, TA
0,5 kN
26.18
50 cm
3633 26.50 Spitzenquerschnitt
UP5094CD2.17 27.47 N10 = Schlagzahl/10cm Eindringtiefe
27.53 steif-halbfest, grau, TA
3632 5 26.75
UP5094CD2.18 28.49
28.56
3631
UP5094CD2.19 29.64
29.72
3630 30.00
3629 vgs INGENIEURE

10.11.2013
m
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
CD 2, DPL CD2 M-124/2013
Anlage-Nr.
2.1.2
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 3
3660.09 m
3660 0.15 1 0.00 3660
2 0.15
Ton, schwach sandig, vereinzelt Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich,
braun, TA
3659 UP5094CD3.1 1.00
0.40 3659
1.14 Ton, stark organisch, durchsetzt mit kleinen Salzkristallen,
weich-steif, an der Basis weich, dunkelgrau, schwarz, OT
UP5094CD3.2 1.85 0.65
3658 1.94 3658
3
3657 3657
3656 3656
UP5094CD3.3 4.33
4.45
3655 DPL CD3 3655

4T1 5.20
Torf, zersetzt, Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, arsenhaltig, weich, 3654.54 m 10 20 30 40 50
4 N10
5.25
3654 3654
1,00
5.60 198
241 138
3653 3653
2,00
07.11.2013
3652 3652
3,00
3651 3651
4,00
3650 3650
5,00
3649 5.80 m 3649
3648 07.11.2013
3648
m

0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
vgs INGENIEURE
4 Ton
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
4T Torf
4G Gips
M-124/2013
3.50 CD 3, DPL CD3
(02.99)
Anlage-Nr.
UPx 0.85
0.85 Final Engineering Design
2.1.3
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
(westlich CD 4)
3661
CD 4 DPL CD4A DPL CD4B
3660.00 m 3660.05 m 10 20 30 3660.05 m 10 20 30 40
3660 0.15 0.00 N10 N10
1
GP5094CD4.9 0.50
(04.11.2013)
2
0.50 0.21 1.00 m
Ton, feinsandig, organisch, 1.10 m
3659 1.07
129 266 206
UP5094CD4.1 vereinzelt Salzkristalle, > 1.0 m not to ramm
1.19
starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, > 1.1 m not to ramm
1.67 04.11.2013
UP5094CD4.2 graubraun, TA (OT)
3658 1.80
0.60 04.11.2013
UP5094CD4.3 2.48 sehr locker, grau
UP5094CD4.4 2.63 2.58
0.78
3657 2.72
3
UP5094CD4.5 3.27
3.37
3656 UP5094CD4.6 3.87

UP5094CD4.7 4.13 4.00
4.35
4.67
Steinsalz, cm-starke Tonschmitzen,
3655 UP5094CD4.8 5.00 DPL CD4
5.13 4T1 5.27 3654.30 m 10 20 30 40 50
Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, zersetzt,
N10
3654 4
117
GP5094CD4.10 6.50 5.35

6.50 1,00
3653 4G 371 170
6.80
GP5094CD4.11 7.50
7.50 2,00
3652
7.30
GP5094CD4.12 8.50
8.50 3,00
3651
GP5094CD4.13 9.60 4,00
9.60
3650 4
Ton, schwach feinsandig-feinsandig,
in Lagen halbmeterweise Salzkristalle,
weich-breiig, grau, TA 5,00
3649
GP5094CD4.14 11.50 6.00 m
11.50
3648 04.11.2013
12.45
4S1
3647
12.75
GP5094CD4.15 13.50 4
13.50 schwarzgrau, OT/TA
3646 14.12
1 Salzkruste
4S2 mit Tonlagen (bis 5 cm, weich),
3645
2 Tonmudde
GP5094CD4.16 15.60 15.57
4T2 Torf, starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch,
15.60 3 Steinsalz 1
3644 arsenhaltig, weich, braun, gelbbraun, dunkelgrau, HZ
15.69
4 Ton, feinsandig, 4 Ton
3643 weich, grau, TA (HZ) 4T Torf
17.30
4T3 Torf, arsenhaltig, weich,
braun, gelbbraun, dunkelgrau, HZ 4G Gips
3642 17.47
GP5094CD4.17 18.50 4S Salz
18.50
3641 5 Steinsalz 2
3.50
3640 (02.99)
GP5094CD4.18 20.50 Schicht weich-steif

20.50
3639 Schicht weich-breiig
4 Ton, schwach feinsandig-feinsandig, Schicht steif

3638
grau, TA Schicht fest
3637 Schicht weich
UPx 0.85
0.85
3636
GP5094CD4.19 24.50 Dynamic Probing, Light
24.50
0,5 kN
3635 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
3634 4T4 Ton, mit Torflagen, arsenhaltig, weich-steif,
4 26.15
T, schwach feinsandig-feinsandig,
3633
5 grau, TA
26.65
Ton, stark mit Salzkristallen durchsetzt,
3632 weich-steif, grau, TA
26.77
3631
m 28.00
vgs INGENIEURE
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
CD 4, DPL CD4 M-124/2013
Anlage-Nr.
2.1.4
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 5
3660.04 m
3660 0.14 1
0.00 3660
2 0.20
Ton, schwach feinsandig, weich, braun, TA
0.30
3659 UP5094CD5.1 0.90
1.00
Ton, feinsandig, organisch, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), 3659
Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, steif,
1.64 schwarz, schwarzgrau, gelbstreifig, TA/OT
UP5094CD5.2
3658 1.80 0.50 3658
UP5094CD5.3 2.23
2.33 3 0.60
3657 3.14
3657
UP5094CD5.4
3.28
UP5094CD5.5 3.70
3656 3.80
4.20
3656
UP5094CD5.6
4.29
4T1 4.50
3655 3655
4.60
4
steif, grau, TM
DPL CD5
3653.94 m 10 20 30 40 50
3654 5.00
Ton, schwach feinsandig, in ca. 5 cm Lagen Salzschmitzen, N10 3654
weich-steif, braun-gestreift, TM-TA
3653 6.10 1,00 67 179 3653
3652 08.11.2013 2,00 3652
3651 3,00 3651
3650 4,00 3650
3649 5,00 3649

5.60 m
3648 3648
08.11.2013
m

0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
4 Ton vgs INGENIEURE
4T Torf
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
4G Gips
3.50
(02.99)
Grundwasser angebohrt muGOK Core Drilling and Dynamic Probing, Light Projekt-Nr.
M-124/2013
Schicht weich-steif CD 5, DPL CD5
Schicht steif Anlage-Nr.
Schicht weich 2.1.5
UPx 0.85
0.85
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 6
3660.00 m
3660 0.13
1
0.00 3660
0.15
GP5094CD6.1 0.70 2
3659 0.70 0.25 3659
Ton, schwach feinsandig, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich,
UP5094CD6.3 1.22 braun, TA
1.39 0.50
1.78 Steinsalz, stark tonig, stark organisch, locker,
3658 UP5094CD6.4
2.12 1.91 schwarz, schwarzgrau 3658
UP5094CD6.5
2.25 0.60
Ton, schwach feinsandig, Steinsalzkristalle (<1 mm), weich,
3 braun, TA
3657 0.80
3657
3656 3656
3655
UP5094CD6.6 4.55
4.73
4T1 4.70
DPL CD6 3655
GP5094CD6.2 5.20 4 Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich-steif, 3654.55 m
5.20
10 20 30 40 50
4.80
3654 Ton, schwach feinsandig, steif, N10 3654
1,00
5.35 184
Ton, schwach feinsandig, mit Salzschmitzen,
3653 Salzkristalle (>1 cm), steif, grau, TM 3653
5.40 2,00
3652 08.11.2013 3652

3,00
3651 3651
4,00
3650 3650
5,00
3649 5.80 m 3649
08.11.2013
3648 3648
m

0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde 50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
4 Ton
4T1 Torf vgs INGENIEURE
4G Gips
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
GPx 0.70
0.70
UPx 0.85
0.85 M-124/2013
CD 6, DPL CD6
3.50
(02.99)
Anlage-Nr.
Schicht steif Final Engineering Design
2.1.6
Schicht weich-steif of a KCl Industrial Plant in Bolivia
Schicht weich
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661
CD 7
3660.02 m
3660 GP5094CD7.1 0.20
0.14
1 0.00
GP5094CD7.2 0.40 0.20 2 0.15
0.40 Ton, schwach feinsandig, sSalzkristalle (<1 mm), weich,
3659 braun, TA
0.30
1.45
Ton, organisch, schwach feinsandig,
UP5094CD7.11
1.56 Salzkristalle (<1 mm),
3658 starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich,
2.30 schwarz, OT (TA)
UP5094CD7.12
2.41 0.75
3
3657
3656 UP5094CD7.13 4.08

4.20
UP5094CD7.14 4.50
4.62 4.85
3655 GP5094CD7.4 5.10GP5094CD7.3
5.10
4.95
4.95
4T1
Salzschlieren, starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch,
DPL CD7
3654.30 m 10 20 30 40 50
4 N10
3654 5.00
Ton, schwach feinsandig, steif,
4G
GP5094CD7.5 6.70 6.25 1,00 140 250
6.70
3653
GP5094CD7.6 7.50 6.44
7.50 2,00
6.65
3652
weich, grau, graubraun, TA/OT
6.85 3,00
3651
4 4,00
3650 10.20
5,00
3649 Ton, steif, grau, TA
5.70 m
GP5094CD7.7 11.50
11.50
3648 11.95
Ton, mit Salzkristallen und -schmitzen, weich-steif, 09.11.2013
grau, TM-TA
4S1 12.45
3647 13.00
4 Ton, mit Salzschlieren, weich, grau, TA
13.10
3646 13.90
4S2
14.90
3645 4T2
starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch,
4
3644 15.05
GP5094CD7.8 16.4 15.67
16.4 Ton, stark durchsetzt mit Salzgrus, weich,
4T3 1 Salzkruste
3643 16.64
2 Tonmudde
3642 16.72 3 Steinsalz 1
4 Ton
3641
4T Torf
3640 4G Gips
4S Salz
3639 5 Steinsalz 2
GP5094CD7.9 21.5 4
21.5
3638 Ton, bei 19.75 m Salzschlieren, weich, grau, TA UPx 0.85
0.85
GPx 0.20
0.20
3637
3.50
(02.99)
3636 Schicht steif-halbfest

GP5094CD7.10 24.5
24.5 Schicht fest
3635
Schicht weich-steif
3634 4T3
26.00
Ton, mit Torflagen, Salzschmitzen/-grus, Salzkristalle (<1 mm),
Schicht steif
4 Schicht weich
26.30
3633 Ton, weich, grau, TA
26.69
27.08
3632 Dynamic Probing, Light
27.27
5 0,5 kN
50 cm
3631 von 23.43-23.47 m Tonlagen (steif-halbfest, grau, TA), Spitzenquerschnitt
UP5094CD7.15 29.33 29.49
29.45 UP5094CD7.17 29.61 UP5094CD7.16
29.54
29.67 29.90
3630 Ton, mit Salzkristallen (> 1cm), weich, grau, TA
30.00
3629
09.11.2013 vgs INGENIEURE
m
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
CD 7, DPL CD7 M-124/2013
Anlage-Nr.
2.1.7
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 8
3660.02 m
3660 0.16
1
0.00 3660
GP5094CD8.1 0.30
GP5094CD8.2 0.50 0.30 2
0.50 0.20
3659 Ton, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich, braun, TA 3659
0.39
UP5094CD8.7 1.36 Ton, organisch, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich-steif,
1.42 schwarz, TA
3658 0.59 3658
locker, schwarz, dunkelgrau
3 0.76
3657 3657
3656 3656
UP5094CD8.8 4.30
4.46
3655 GP5094CD8.3 5.10 4T1 5.05 3655
GP5094CD8.4 5.30
5.30
5.10
4 Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich-steif, DPL CD8
GP5094CD8.5 5.80 3653.97 m 10 20 30 40 50
3654 5.80
5.16 N10 3654
5.40 220 56
3653 1,00 3653

6.00
3652 2,00 3652

12.11.2013
3651 3,00 3651
3650 4,00 3650
3649 5.30 m 3649

12.11.2013
3648 3648
m
UPx 0.85 Dynamic Probing, Light

1 Salzkruste 0.85
0,5 kN
2 Tonmudde GPx 0.30 50 cm vgs INGENIEURE
0.30 Spitzenquerschnitt
3 Steinsalz 1 Grundwasser angebohrt muGOK
(02.99)
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
4 Ton Schicht steif
4T Torf Schicht steif-halbfest Core Drilling and Dynamic Probing, Light Projekt-Nr.
M-124/2013
4G Gips Schicht weich-steif CD 8, DPL CD8
Schicht weich Anlage-Nr.
2.1.8
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
3661 3661
CD 9
3660.04 m
3660 0.16 1
0.00 3660
GP5094CD9.1 0.40
GP5094CD9.2 0.50 2 0.19
0.40 0.50 Ton, mit Salzkristallen, organisch, weich, schwarz, TA
0.79 0.31
3659 UP5094CD9.4
0.95 Ton, Salzkristalle (<1 mm), weich, braun, TA 3659
0.45
Ton, organisch, salzkristalle (<1 mm), schwarz, TA
UP5094CD9.5 1.58
1.71 0.62
3658 Steinsalz, stark tonig, organisch, grusig, locker/steif, 3658
schwarz
UP5094CD9.6 2.57 0.73
2.68
3657 3 3657
3656 3656
3655
5.28
DPL CD9 3655
4T1 Torf, mit Salzschmitzen, zersetzt, arsenhaltig, 3654.85 m 10 20 30 40 50
GP5094CD9.3 5.60 4
5.60 starker Schwefelwasserstoffgeruch, weich-steif, N10
3654 3654
5.36
1,00
426 310
3653 5.67 3653
12.11.2013 2,00
3652 3652
3,00
3651 3651
4,00
3650 3650
5,00
3649 3649
5.80 m
3648 3648
12.11.2013
m

2 Tonmudde 0,5 kN
50 cm
Spitzenquerschnitt
3 Steinsalz 1
4 Ton
4G Gips
99096 Erfurt; Tel.: 0361-789 34 0 Fax: 789 34 56
3.50
(02.99)
GPx 0.40 Core Drilling and Dynamic Probing, Light Projekt-Nr.

0.40
M-124/2013
UPx 0.85 CD 9, DPL CD9
0.85
Anlage-Nr.
2.1.9
Schicht steif of a KCl Industrial Plant in Bolivia
Schicht weich
/ 1:100 Na Ki 11.12.2013 Ki
W Messprofil 6 bei Y = 500 m O
(m)
-5
0
Steinsalz I
5
10
15 Tonkomplex
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520
(m)

(m)
-5
0
Steinsalz I
5
10
15
Tonkomplex
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520
(m)

CD 1 / DPL 1 CD 2 / DPL 2
(m) (projiziert) (projiziert)
-5
0
Steinsalz I
5
10
15 Tonkomplex
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520
(m)
S Messprofil 3 bei Y = 200 m O

-5
0
Steinsalz I
5
10
15 Tonkomplex
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520
(m)

CD 7 / DPL 7 CD 5 / DPL 5 CD 6 / DPL 6 CD 8 / DPL 8 CD 9 / DPL 9
(m) (projiziert) (projiziert) (projiziert) (projiziert)
-5
0
Steinsalz I
5
10
15 Tonkomplex
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520
(m)
(m)
-5
0
Steinsalz I
5
10
Tonkomplex
15
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520
(m)
Geschwindigkeitskalierung Legende
CD 5 / DPL 5
Kombination aus Kern- Titel: Vertikalschnitte der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit für die

300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 m/s bohrung und leichter Profile 1 bis 6 in W-O-Richtung
Rammsondierung mit
Nummer
Berechnete Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der Scherwellen Projekt-Nr.: M-124/2013 erstellt: Kossatz Datum: 28.02.2014 analytec Dr. Steinhau
Ingenieurgesellschaft für Baugrund,
Anlage: A 3, Blatt 1 gez.: Kossatz Ausfertigung: Geophysik und Umweltengineering mbH
Maßstab: hor.: 1 : 1.000 gepr.: Dr. Steinhau Tel. 0371 - 85 21 09, Fax 0371 - 84 22 611
vert.: 1 : 500 http://www.steinhau.de
S Messprofil 7 bei X = 200 m N
-5
0
Steinsalz I
5
10
15 Tonkomplex
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520
(m)

CD 1 / DPL 1
(m) (projiziert)
-5
0
Steinsalz I
5
10
15 Tonkomplex
20
25
30
280 300 320 340 360 380 400

CD 2 / DPL 2
(m) (projiziert)
-5
0
Steinsalz I
5
10
15 Tonkomplex
20
25
30
280 300 320 340 360 380 400
Geschwindigkeitskalierung Legende
CD 5 / DPL 5
Titel: Vertikalschnitte der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit für die

Kombination aus Kern- Profile 7 bis 9 in S-N-Richtung
300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 m/s bohrung und leichter
Rammsondierung mit
Nummer Projekt-Nr.: M-124/2013 erstellt: Kossatz Datum: 28.02.2014 analytec Dr. Steinhau
Berechnete Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der Scherwellen Ingenieurgesellschaft für Baugrund,
Anlage: A 3, Blatt 2 gez.: Kossatz Ausfertigung: Geophysik und Umweltengineering mbH
Maßstab: hor.: 1 : 1.000 gepr.: Dr. Steinhau Tel. 0371 - 85 21 09, Fax 0371 - 84 22 611
vert.: 1 : 500 http://www.steinhau.de

Encl-3 EAT-11-024 Subsoil and Geotechnical Report PDF

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Expert Opinion

Subsoil and foundation

KCl Industrial Plant

Client: ERCOSPLAN Anlagentechnik GmbH

vgs project no.: 5094

This expert opinion comprises 28 pages, 8 annex complexes and 1 appendix.

Erfurt, 28 February 2014

Dipl.-Ing. M. Kirschstein Dipl.-Geol. S. Schulze

2. LOCAL CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................................. 6

3. SUBSOIL EXPLORATION ....................................................................................................................... 8

Document and source register

Construction-related documents and sources

1. GENERAL FACTS, BUILDING PROJECT AND SUBJECT OF THE EXPERT

This factory is a production plant for potassic fertilizers.

Length x Height [m] Foundation Other activities

- Characterization of local conditions,

Drilling activities on the salt lake, Geophysical measurements (seismology)

Tab. 2: Corner coordinates in the exploration area

Tab. 3: Potosi annual climate table

Temperature (max.) [°C] 19 18 18 17 16 13 12 14 16 18 19 19

Temperature (min.) [°C] 4 4 3 1 -3 -5 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4

Sunshine hours [h] 7 8 7 8 9 9 10 10 10 9 9 9

Rainy days [d] 12 11 10 3 1 1 0 1 2 3 5 10

According to local information, approx. 20 cm to 30 cm

3.1 Exploration work

lfd. Nr. Bezeichnung Teufe [m] Datum

1 CD1 6,36 13.11.2013

Tab. 5: Light dynamic probing

lfd. Nr. Bezeichnung Teufe [m] Datum Firma

3.2 Geophysical measuring

3.3 Field tests

Static plate-loading pressure test on exchanged soil

The results of the plate-load tests are indicated in Annex 2.3.

3.4 Laboratory analyses

The laboratory reports and analysis results are indicated in Annex 3.

4.1 Geological situation

Tab. 7: Columnar section

Stratum Designation Mean Mean thick-

1 Salt crust Halitacostra 0.0 - 0.3 0.26

2 Clay mud Limo 0.3 - 0.8 0.55

3 Rock salt I Halita I 0.6 - 5.1 4.27

4 Clay Arcilla 5.1 - 26.6 21.44

4T1 Peat, arsenical Asenica 5.1 - 5.2 0.11

4T2 15.4 - 15.7 0.27

4T3 17.1 - 17.2 0.10

4T4 25.8 - 26.05 0.26

4S1 Rock salt inter- Halita- 12.2 - 12.5 0.33

5 Rock salt II Halita II from 26.6 >4m

4.2 Subsoil strata, layer properties

Stratum 1: Salt crust

Stratum 1: Salt crust

The prospected average thickness amounts to 0.26 m (0.1 - 0.3 m).

Stratum 2: Clay mud

Stratum 3: Rock salt I

Stratum 5: Rock salt II

4.3 Results from geophysical measuring

4.4 Soil, rock classes

Horizon 1:salt crust 7

4.5 Computed values

Tab. 11: Computed values

4.6 Ground water conditions

5.1 General facts