University Of Duhok

College Of Engineering
Department Of Mechanical
Engineering

“Discharge over a Broad Crested Weir”

Prepared by:
Abdullah Haval Ibrahim

Lecturer:
Ms. Naeema Thaher Aaref
Contents
Introductions:................................................................................................................................
Materials:......................................................................................................................................
Procedure:....................................................................................................................................
Calculations and Results:.............................................................................................................
Summary:.....................................................................................................................................

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INTRODUCTIONS:
The flow over broad-crested weirs was simulated by computational fluid dynamic
model. The water surface profile over broad crested weir was measured in a
laboratory model and validated using two and three dimensional Fluent programs.
The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the turbulent
standard (k-İ) model and volume of fluid method were applied to estimate the water
surface profile. The results of numerical model were compared with experimental
results to evaluate the ability of model in describing the be haviour of water surface
profile over the weir.

Figure 1

2
MATERIALS:

The following equipment is required to perform the flow over weirs experiment:

 F1-10 hydraulics bench;

 F1-13 rectangular and triangular weirs;
 Vernier height gauge; and
 Stopwatch.

The flow over the weir apparatus includes the following elements that are used in
conjunction with the flow channel in the molded bench top of the hydraulics bench

A combination of a stilling baffle and the inlet nozzle to promote smooth flow
conditions in the channel.

 A vernier hook and point gauge, mounted on an instrument carrier, to allow

measurement of the depth of flow above the base of the notch.
 The weir notches that are mounted in a carrier at the outlet end of the flow
channel

PROCEDURE:

This experiment will be performed by taking the following steps:

 Ensure that the hydraulics bench is positioned so that its surface is horizontal.
This is necessary because the flow over weir.
 Mount the rectangular weir onto the flow channel.
 Turn on the pump, and slightly adjust the flow control to fill the channel
upstream of the weir with water.
 Wait a few minutes to allow the water to settle.
 Record (H) and (h) from the flow channel like figure 2 below.
 Measure the flow rate using the volumetric tank.
 Increase the flow by opening the bench regulating valve to set the heads
above the weir.

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 Figure 2

CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS:

 P=10 b=7.5
 Volume is measured from the tank under the flow channel by you.
 Time is measured from when the volume is 0 to the volume required.
V
 Qact=
t
 Qth=h.b.√ 2 g ( H−h)
 For each measurement, calculate the experimental values of for the weir
 Record your calculations in the Results Tables.

N. VOLUME TIME H h Qact Qth Cd

L s (m) (Cm) L/s L/s

1 5 30.6 16.5 0.11 0.38 14.79 0.26

2 5 22.34 18.5 12.5 0.69 0.27
3 5 10.37 28 20 1.05 3.64 0.29
4 10 14.69 34.5 23 2.01 5.18 0.39
5 15 8.27 60 37 1.66 7.05 0.24
6 20 9.51 68 44.5 2.74 9.01 0.3

SUMMARY:
This article discussed a round-crested weir based on experimental data, with the
purpose of establishing flow characteristics and influencing the rules regarding

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changes in body shape, and proposed a best fit expression for the discharge
coefficient. Results showed that the shape of the downstream corner caused the flow
pattern of the small flow to be different. When the downstream corner did not affect
the nappe, the flow patterns of the two were consistent. It was observed that a weir
with a rectangular upstream corner and small width, which did not affect the nappe,
could be used as a sharp-crested weir. Experimental data showed that the rounded
upstream corner was able to increase the discharge capability, with the discharge
capability increasing with increases in the round ratio. When the round ratio varied
from 0.10 to 0.30 and from 0.75 to 1.00, the value and the variation law of the flow
coefficient were consistent.