Cea LCE (Ammer oe aaned rood ral con ae ia mae FUNDAMENTAL Tagore OF ALGEsKA Crm) rs nik oa f "> w roots ) fy yo a er vy ere aa Pec trs the Saeed ro (77-1855) a 7 rea a On Te RC ae ad eS a a) an Pan Pe ck Lae ae aa irae tg) ae a ey art qt 9? aaa © Assume rae (=) > 6 (oy rn) Ow @ Gassome Gr) i0® ® Pssvme =) =0 Pea a cs) Hence, f= is aa saa aa ae Vl Le fia ae pad ee} Now, (=a egca Pa ae iat ee NS Tm ee ih ar ere ts Pa eae Ce cur ce oF wenger a en oa a ao ad og Ts e +1=0 ne mea i er no t" Tag Py Screed o'rh3a4eeg a | 2 x (-3) ob a os reese Now, simibely we hav a ae Carew) re a tS -e-3-2-1 ON 2S es eee €2) x Ga) ld 6 —-— SOO Si 186" rotate ca ee a ee eens) (ax i)x "L «—_—_ a lees Pt Ea COU ae a to) QoS. eae \_—— a 4 Now, mothe madcians sa oT eee Tean Robert Argand aL) is sh ues WN BN ati Pi CC aera famous ensugh « Se, we called this a oD Ne Ps Ceram Wessel C17) Cv raa “That this subject [imaginary numbers] has hitherto be is to beat If, for example, +1 tributed lai unded by mysterious obscurit ly to an ill adapted notatio: 1, and the square root of -1 had been called di instead of impossil e and lateral (c he g of the ques Ce uni or even en out a ai Dood Cae rae Ce ae oy re | x= .42 [e% dec rs 2 sce [mem = ge Se Se 20) 2 Pan en ar rn For Cae ce adie Hist See) ees ZF Pree ee aCe) 4. ke ne nn cree-2 Fad oor 9 1s JQ = @ number whose square is the number haa Be menTe Ps Res Nea Aer | ae cf = AO . @ )= 2. Wa) ee Sets A = ee ee Ce eC we ers al a Bt, J 20m [@_ fa , Pace aa ee ar Oya, ia Aer ee mr Pe ct Pear [re Cs oa eT eee CeCe) eta boli alec Ae a ee an a= (4,2 @© ‘ aire 2) )) Cr) = (-2) 5 * nn (Ant ae Pee rn aT es ce ar iss a <—— fe ie i Bi- 5s = C2) +++ > 45 ee ea Toe Cn een ey ak ean a NT co fie Mey ee Te oa li aR is oda Cad eee RL) 2B B./A= 3+0.14 OOO oT ilar, fa gm chan . aie rea gE ~) PA als Parl mn ame Co ‘ieak But what dees . these numbers ae Xue al 2 THE COMPLEX PLANE ———— Peri s DO a ACL RST eT ea a Real . We add comple: This has a nice visual .dding wer its tip lands we place end of our first, and wh ur result, Imaginary ati THE XY PLANE J-t CL-)) 34212 (3,2) 7 - Wei = (7,-w) 3+ o2i= Cs, 0.2) a Ce,n) uumbers by adding the interpretation, adding th arrow at the (1+3i) + (atib) = ati (atib) = Uti) - C48) Zn ba cat Cars rad rat To catio, Can yor aN BAI a Now, ro So 2 X2— > 3 X%2_ 3b Ces > a number ( + Imaginary multiplication ("times i") rotates y TA 5(3 + 21) _. cK oS) What did “342i didto 5” Sealed op S 3times h add A a Gr 4i) (3421) 4 ey By Ci bs A C1, 181) j ea Pay pa eran as Ve. ca Pay i Lee# Measuring, Size! a dad rial ca ead at lag einai on aa ae Pe ee Sd eae ean onan ee ae Ay } 3 (B+ Hi) eee CCS eed Cee a ae Te pater aiet biwe AO io ee ee ee ree ceed) a a rT) fl) eae CY Ta wa (a = i eee Cees eee a i a as an ea Ce Da eal This time I wont YOU to think oboot 3611 © Fon i aha 2) i use i ar ad theorem OR arr oe Lae fren v) aalt mar Paani! Cs aed nC < IE 3) a 6r oa a heer Te) Bio +6f*= gig USS hee oe ee et aa Cee nen Osi hi FM ka ea , Result Problem Distance 1 Distance 2 Result 4 Distance Whot’s the ‘anaes Distance 1 X Distance 2 aS mane rs (ane) x Coa] = |owe]-|cridl Observatls a a i ny Result Angle aad a cea [A se ae Pan aya ir We now ply complex numbers on thi from the real axis add, and their distances from the origin multiply. ‘This is the connection we were looking for between complex multiplication and the complex plane. h sag form > De ei cae t= Senger’ = % no? are rey Oar eg ore Qawas zQeie die a (pe ae ies 2) aa haa Le aca ew N ib ; ae = Keosd +i sina | (aid) ar ag | m catidceriad= yy i E oa Silas) siCnry sin Coetp) oo ~~] mE SN Gea oe) oF F ( cos @ + jsine) lho M2 Geib) . cet idd nH i a ee ia ce a teas Se ome aT 1 4 far ey tenes Die an # Oe er Col a a er Oa er (Cm) ®-2a-ui oo ® Pe ae oer elt5i5 2 A-SI © rd eens Co+ib) Laas 3 Ca-ib) i or ance eal ) ao ae Es) (eer) yo 4 ee) ae e) Gat ee Ho Hiph cob on 2.2 = Catib) (a-ib) = a? gibt iba - ib” = s sy = a a 2 on by (BEMI)(3- 41) = gM uy (eer) (3- 47) i Ke aaa) t " AC Ud A LO we know, — @#ib) Cetidl) Cc iu Paice hou ee aeaes) 7 F ES Ce eran) aS ae DEZSio oe are ae) ora a ua yas) %* Z.2- 1.2.2 oars tlh = 0 J Wo rotation A ards fers Seen ae aL a a a Paras cg a a Li jh delet , Aree a eae © When we mol pis a ry aT PE a ia SAC nes can Cie a CaN 2} ca | eco hahaa a ree ig Ca et eae OMT A+B )(a-3i) = 24a" 13 ora ri is Faery] coe ce cary _ Ce LD Es pers ies) pel 3 de Gen 3 Ee Pre Saeed eA ca % aye A an EE bd bod oy cn pala (2k cast 5 Generated gm = G+tiy)ca-ib) nee 7 csi oa ae ra cm ea a a bok carefoly, avon de 2 is rd ! a fz com 2 1 i @ i | i ee are ae ee ce Gal Paneer 2a) @ es oa lelceee [al I) a cae ze ow jae le s,/ rhe = f Po eal 2 RL B+) RT os a = eae Sorento a (oe Ree eB) er aa a Phe a a ” iVision 15 sion aa 7 ps aa a re CE aa i ao ES CM noe Ley see ci ee a en f:F2, = @rside C4-7i) ame a oot ee SED Bree = CBeMD =. Cti- 7) Zaz, = @-3) + (4+#7i) = (2+4) - c2i-7)) ee ki Ch: ee z, oar | oo eee oon ni atib+ crid + e+if 2 @+ cte)y iCot def) are aL) ome enn aare.) Pear 2 2,5 4-7 ren Pa ha a ey | are sl Naas) = Qe + iad + ibe + i? bd = (ac- bd) + i Cod + bc) [2 nT et) a = ae -jod - ibe +ikh = @e - bd) -i Cad+ be) ae et ae a 2 ned ee La Te en aidan on zg ee a rl ee Rad = ‘aieead ac) ae Paar A c " es) ae ma Cea oo