COMIA-Lab Report No. 1 - Group 1 EE - 2203

Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan Batangas City, Philippines 4200
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
“MAGNETISM”
Submitted by:
John Lloyd B. Comia

EE-2203
21-02284
Submitted to:
Engr. Ma. Angela Therese G. Roxas

Instructor
Date of Submission
March 2, 2023
I. INTRODUCTION
Modern technology is highly dependent on magnetism. In the present, magnets are

employed for data storage in computers, imaging of bodily organs, and research into the
workings of the human brain. In addition, magnetism enables us to investigate the cosmological
structure, the atomic structure of substances, and the quark structure of elementary particles. A
material that can create a magnetic field is called a magnet. The reason magnets could attract and
repel other magnets is due to the magnetic field. The north and south magnetic poles are found in
every magnet. If a huge magnet is divided into two portions, both magnet components shall have
their own separate poles. Identical magnetic poles repel one another while different poles attract.
If a magnet is dropped from a certain height, heated to the Curie temperature, or hammered, it
might just lose its magnetic property.
The natural magnet and the artificial magnet are two different types of magnets. Natural
magnets are iron ores that are mined due to their ability to draw iron fragments to themselves.
Magnets made artificially belong to the second category, called artificial magnets. The two types
of this type are temporary magnets and permanent magnets. Temporary magnets are magnets that
only display their magnetic properties when they are surrounded by a strong magnetic field,
while permanent magnets are those that continue to be magnetic even in the absence of a
magnetic field. The refrigerator magnets are the most common type of permanent magnet. In this
experiment, the members of the group performed three ways of investigation and drawed the
magnetic field created by several different combinations of bar magnets.
II. OBJECTIVES
The objectives for Experiment Number 1: Magnetism are as follows:
1. Determine the direction of magnetic lines of magnetic field.
2. Distinguish the differences of magnetic field between like and unlike poles.
III. MATERIALS
Here are the list of materials used for this experiment.
Figure 1: Two sets of magnetic bars
Figure 2: Two oz of iron powder/dust
Figure 3: Clear Plastics

Figure 4: Long Bond Papers
IV. PROCEDURE
The procedures to be followed to make the experiment are divided into three parts
and are listed below.
Part I
1. Place one bar magnet on top of the clear plastic and then place one long bond
paper on top of the bar magnet.
2. Lightly sprinkle the iron power uniformly over the long bond paper and then give
it some gentle taps to make the power align with the magnetic field.
3. Observe what happens.
Part II
1. Repeat Part I but with two magnets placed in parallel position, keeping opposite
poles on one side. Keep a 3-5 inches distance between magnets.
Part III
1. Repeat Part I but with two magnets arranged in one straight line. Position North
pole of each magnet in the middle making the pole facing each other. Keep an inch
distance between magnets.
V. DATA AND RESULTS

To present the data and results obtained from the experiment, it will be presented in a
question-and-answer format together with the proof and evidence found.
1. What do you notice about the interaction of the bar magnets?
Figure 5: Part I of the experiment using 1 bar magnet
As the experiment progresses, there are various phenomena to be observed and

noticed and as for the first part of the experiment only involves a single bar magnet, the
only interaction that was observed is between the bar magnet and the iron powder.
Figure 6: Part II of the experiment using two bar magnets parallel to each other
Then for the second part of the experiment, two bar magnets were used and
placed in a parallel position with the poles placed opposite from each other. With this
positioning of the magnets, the north pole and south pole of bar magnets should show
signs of attraction the more these poles will be in proximity to each other, however as the
bar magnet is relatively older, the attraction between the unlike poles of the magnets are
also relatively weaker.
Figure 7: Part III of the experiment using bar magnets in a straight line
Then for the third part of the experiment, two bar magnets were also used
however this time, they are in a straight line position with the two north poles facing each
other which showed signs of repulsion and this repulsion also occurred in each magnet's
south pole.
Lastly, the magnetism occurring in bar magnets in this experiment shows that the
like poles tend to repel each other and will continue to do so even if force is applied. On
the other hand, the opposite or unlike poles of these magnets also tend to attract and will
pull each other once they are close in vicinity. Moreover, this connection between the
magnets is much more further explained as the experiment progresses.
2. What materials interact with the magnets and how do they interact? What do all
the materials that interact with the magnets have in common?
In this experiment, the only material that was used and has made an interaction
with the magnet is the iron powder. Although the iron used is turned into powder, it is
ultimately still an iron which implies that those countless iron powders are ferromagnetic
in nature, resulting in the electrically uncharged bar magnets and iron powder to have a
strong attraction towards each other, however it is under the premise that it is within a
certain temperature and other specific conditions.
Additionally, another common thing about the material and how they interact with
the magnet is that it is able to show the invisible magnetic field to the naked eye. Since
iron powder or iron filings are ferromagnetic, they have the tendency to align themselves
in the magnetic field. The north seeking poles atom will align themselves in the same
direction and likewise for the south seeking poles atom. This will create an image of
array curves and waves demonstrating the magnetic field of each pole of the magnets it
interacted with. Moreover as the experiment progresses, the iron filings that are scattered
along the surface of the bond paper create a much more observable form and shape more
commonly known as the magnetic field map. When the iron filings have aligned
themselves, even if the magnet is removed, the magnetic field map formed will still
remain unless it was disturbed by an external force.
3. What did you observe when you sprinkled the iron powder over the clear plastic
covering the bar magnet? the parallel magnet? the one-line magnets? Draw what
you observed.
After sprinkling the iron powder filings at the top of the bond paper that is
covering the magnet, the group has observed that the iron filings take up a definite pattern
or curved lines all around the paper. With the first part of the experiment needing only
one magnet, we noticed that the direction of the iron filings that act or serve as the
magnetic field formed a magnetic field map that shows curved movement from north
pole to south pole as shown in Figure 6:
Figure 6: First experiment’s illustration of observation

Furthermore, the second part of the experiment consists of two parallel bar
magnets placed with opposite polarities from each other. As the members of the group
used and sprinkled the iron fillings just like in the first experiment, aside from the
direction of the magnetic field lines of each bar magnets from north to south pole, it can
also be gleaned that there is a joining of the lines of force coming from the north pole of
the left bar magnet going to the south pole of the right bar magnet and vice verse as
shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Second experiment’s illustration of observation
And finally for the third part of the experiment still needing two bar magnets, it
was arranged to be placed in a single line, putting each magnet’s north pole facing each
other in the middle. After the iron filings are sprinkled and was slightly tapped
afterwards, the lines of force encircling the two north poles have been found to be
repelling each other as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8: Third experiment’s illustration of observation
4. Explain why the iron powder behaved that way. Explain for each part.
To perform the first part of the experiment, a single bar magnet is needed. When
the iron powders were sprinkled on the long bond paper that was placed atop the bar
magnet, it slowly revealed the magnetic field map as more and more iron filings were put
on it. This is because the Iron filings can be considered as ferromagnetic substances that
have their own magnetic field that consist of the north and south poles. We all know that
like poles repel and unlike poles attract that is why we can say that when the iron filings
meet the magnet, the like poles of magnet and iron filings will repel each other and at the
same time, the iron filings will scatter around the paper atop the magnet but will still
remain within the magnetic field. On the other hand, the opposite poles will attract each
other, which is witnessed from the photo below:
Figure 10: A Magnetic field formed using 1 bar magnet
After that, the second part of the experiment is done using two magnets that are
placed parallel to each other with a three inches distance between them, and the position
of the poles have also been taken into account. Moreover just like the first part of the
experiment, when the iron powders were sprinkled on the top of the long bond paper, it
also formed a magnetic field however as we all know already, the iron powders also have
a north and south pole that is it will also perform a like pole-repel and unlike pole-attract
phenomenon. Since the north pole and south pole of the two magnets were placed parallel
to each other, the magnetic field formed shows a map of magnetic lines coming from the
north pole towards the south pole of the magnets.
Figure 12: A magnetic field formed from using two bar magnets
Finally unto the last part of the experiment, we will still be using two magnets but
this time, the magnets are placed in a straight line with one inch distance and the north
pole of each magnet are facing each other. With this formation of the magnet, it was
obvious that the two magnets will be repelling each other and thus, each magnet’s force
field moves away and since the iron filings are aligned with the force field, they also tend
to move away from the center of the two magnets thus creating a magnetic field with
magnetic lines repelling each other while the rest of the magnetic map formed was just
like the first part of the experiment.
Figure 14: Magnetic field formed from using two magnets in straight line
VI. CONCLUSION
As has been demonstrated in this paper, items constructed of particular types of metal are
attracted by magnets. The north pole and south pole of a magnet are its two opposite ends. We
were able to demonstrate through this experiment that despite not interacting with the field, two
magnets on opposite sides will attract one another. In contrast to having the same poles, the two
magnets would push apart from one another because their forces are incompatible, disrupting the
magnetic field. We noticed that magnetic field lines are considered to point outward from the
magnet's North pole and toward its South pole. Iron dust is attracted to the magnet's south pole
while being repelled by its north pole. Compared to the south pole, the magnetic field line at the
north pole is stronger. In the center of the bar magnet, a narrow magnetic field line has
developed. The magnetic field lines repel one another like poles. The iron dust is pushed away
by it. The iron dust then enters both of the distinct poles in the unlike poles due to the attraction
between the two poles.
DOCUMENTATION
REFERENCES
Angela. 2021. How to use iron fillings to see magnetic field. Retrieved February 20,2023 from
https://gosciencegirls.com/how-to-use-iron-filings-to-see-magnetic-field/#:~:text=Iron%20filling
s%2C%20very%20small%20particles%20of%20iron%20exhibits,the%20like%20poles%20repel
%20and%20opposite%20poles%20attract.
Helmenstine, A. M. 2019. Not all iron is magnetic (magnetic elements). Retrieved February 22,
2023 from https://www.thoughtco.com/not-all-iron-is-magnetic-3976017
Techie Scientist. 2023. Is iron magnetic? Retrieved February 22, 2023 from
https://techiescientist.com/is-iron-magnetic/.

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Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

John Lloyd B. Comia

Engr. Ma. Angela Therese G. Roxas

Modern technology is highly dependent on magnetism. In the present, magnets are

Figure 1: Two sets of magnetic bars

Figure 2: Two oz of iron powder/dust

Figure 3: Clear Plastics

Figure 4: Long Bond Papers

V. DATA AND RESULTS

1. What do you notice about the interaction of the bar magnets?

Figure 5: Part I of the experiment using 1 bar magnet

As the experiment progresses, there are various phenomena to be observed and

Figure 6: First experiment’s illustration of observation

Figure 7: Second experiment’s illustration of observation

Figure 8: Third experiment’s illustration of observation

Figure 10: A Magnetic field formed using 1 bar magnet

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