Ch 3: The Derivative

x3 + 8 dy
Example 2: For y = 2 , find .
x +x dx
Solution:

dy ⎛
d x +8
3 ⎞
d 3
dx
( x + 8)( x 2
+ x ) − ( x 3
+ 8) ⎛⎜ d
⎝ dx
⎞
x2 + x ⎟
⎠ ( )
= dx ⎜ 2 ⎟ =
dx ⎝x + x⎠ ( x 2 + x) 2

3x 2 ( x 2 + x ) − ( x 3 + 8) (2 x + 1)
=
( x 2 + x) 2
3x 4 + 3x 3 − 2 x 4 − x 3 − 16 x − 8 x 4 + 2 x 3 − 16 x − 8
= =
( x 2 + x) 2 ( x 2 + x) 2
In this case, the algebraic division of x 3 + 8 by x 2 + x will not change the
present form to a simpler form. Therefore applying the quotient rule is
easier than trying to change the form of the function.

EXERCISE 3.3B
In exercises (1-24), use the rules to find the derivative of the function.

1. f (x) = (3x2 – 7x) (x2 + 5) 2. g(x) = (2x3 + x2 – x + 1) (x + 1) 3. f (x) = (3x + 4) (4x2 + 5x + 6)

4. f (x) = (2x2 + x + 1) (x2 – x – 1) 5. f (x) = (x2 + 2x)(2x + 1) 6.

⎛ 1⎞
f (t) = (t + 3) ⎜ t + ⎟
⎝ t⎠
⎛ 8 ⎞
7. (
g(z) = 4 z + 3 ⎜
⎝ z
− 7⎟
⎠
) 8. H(r) = (r – 1)(r – 2)(2 r + 1) 9. f (x) = (x + 1) (2x + 3) (3x – 2)

9x − 2 5x + 3 z2 − 4
10. g(x) = 11. h (x) = 12. f (z) =
2x + 5 10 x − 1 z2 + 1

3t 2 + 5t − 1 4
x + 5x + 5
3
4r + r − 1
13. g(t) = 14. h (x) = 3 15. F (r) =
t2 + t + 1 x +1 r +1
2

2
2
2 x 6x 3 x − 3x + 2
16. f (x) = 17. g(x) = 18. y =
2
x + 5x + 4 2x + 7 2 x

( 3t + 2) ( t + 1) 2
5x − 1 3x + 4
(x )
19. z= 20. f (x) = 21. g(x) = ( x + 1) ( x − 2)
t −5 2
− 4 ( x + 1)

( 2 x + 3) ( 3x + 1) 5 2
22. h(x) = 23. f (t) = 24. g(x) =
( x + 2) ( x − 2)
( 2t 3
−7 ) 2
1 + x + 2x − x
3

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 3.3 Rules for Derivatives

x −1
25. Find an equation of the tangent line, using the slope intercept form of a line, to y = at the point (1, 0).
x +1
x+5
26. Find an equation of the tangent line to y = x − 2 at the point (1, – 6).

27. Find an equation of the tangent line to y = (x – 1) (x2 – 2) at the point (0, 2).

28. Find an equation of the normal to y = (x – 1) (x 2 – 2) at the point (0, 2).

29. Given the following cost function. Find the marginal cost function.

x 3 + x 2 + 90 x + 50
C( x) = (Marginal Cost Function = Derivative of the cost function)
x−2

20 x 2 − 50 x
30. A company’s profit ( p) from sales of x units is given by p( x ) = . Find the marginal profit function.
x+1
(Marginal Profit Function = Derivative of the Profit Function).

In exercises (31-35), evaluate the expression by using f (3) = 5, f ' (3) = –1, g(3) = 2, and g' (3) = 3.

' '
⎛f⎞ ⎛ g⎞
31. ( f g)' (3) 32. ⎜ g ⎟ ( 3) 33. ⎜ f ⎟ (3) 34. ( f f )' (3) 35. (g g)' ( 3)
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

36. The volume V of water in a pond is given by V = 1000(4 + 2t ) (8 – 2t ), 0 ≤ t ≤ 4 months. Find the flow rate.

Writing Exercises
37. State the product rule for derivatives. 38. State the quotient rule for derivatives.

Let us continue with more rules for derivatives. Now we consider trigonometric functions.

Rules for Trigonometric functions

d
• Rule 7: ( sin x ) = cos x
dx
d
• Rule 8: (cos x) = – sin x
dx

Examples:
d (3 sin x ) d (sin x )
1. For f (x) = 3 sin x, f ' (x) = = 3 = 3 cos x
dx dx

2. 2
For y = x sin x,
dy
=
d x 2 sin x ( )
dx dx
d( x2 ) d (sin x )
= sin x + x2 (Applying Product Rule)
dx dx
= 2 x sin x + x2 cos x (Applying Power Rule & Rule 7 )

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