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(B) Projectile Motion (Exercise) PDF
(B) Projectile Motion (Exercise) PDF
u2 d
For bullet, using Hmax. = =
2g 2
1
sy = uy tB + ay t 2B
2
Q.4 What is the average velocity of a projectile
1
H = 0 (tB) + g t 2B between the instants is crosses half the
2
maximum height. It is projected with a speed
2H u at an angle with the horizontal-
tB =
g (A) u sin (B) u cos
(C) u tan (D) u
1
For stone, s = uts + a t S2 Sol.[B] Average velocity in time interval when it
2
crosses half of maximum height
1 2
H = 0(ts) + gts vertical displacement = 0 so v y = 0
2
horizontal velocity remains constant
2H
ts = so vav = u cos .
g
v2
2
4 2g 4 2g
Area of ground = R 2max = = v
g2
g
u 2 sin 2
6 = 1 u
2
In IInd case, y2 =
Q.7 A cannon ball has a range R on a horizontal 2g 4 2g
plane. If h and h' are the greatest heights in y1
Clearly, y1 = 3y2 or y2 =
the two paths for which this is possible, then– 3
4h
(A) R = 4 hh ' (B) R =
h'
Q.9 An object is thrown at an angle to the
(C) R = 4 h h' (D) R =
hh ' horizontal (0º < < 90º) with a velocity .
Sol.[A] For same range there are two possible angles of Then during ascent (ignoring air drag) the
projection and 90° – acceleration –
Let u be velocity of projection →
(A) With which the object moves is g at all
u sin 2
2
R=
g points
(B) Tangential to the path decreases
u 2 sin 2
In 1st case, h = (C) Normal to the path increases, becoming
2g
equal to g at the highest point
u 2 sin 2 (90 − ) u 2 cos 2 (D) All of the above
In IInd case, h' = =
2g 2g
u 4 sin 2 cos 2
hh' =
4g 2
vy
v
Sol.[D] (a)
g g g g g
gg g vx
g
3
O 20 − 10 t
vy u sin 60º −gt 2
→ tan = = =
The only force acting on the particle is m g vx cos 60º 20 −
1
→ → 2
F mg →
Hence acceleration = = = g at all 3 t
m m −
tan 45º = 2 2
points 1
2
3−t
1=
(b) g 1
t = ( 3 − 1)
g
x
v1 = v tan = ; x = vT
h2 = 2h H
h1=h x = H tan ;
x 1 2 2
H= gt ; t = 2H/g
2x 2
1 2H v 2H
h1 = gt12 x=v× ; tan =
2 g H g
1 2
h2 = gt2 2
2 = = tan–1 v
gH
1 2
gt1 so correct option is (B)
h
= 2 [Given h1 = h, h2 = 2h]
2h 1 2
gt 2
2 Q.14 A stunt performer is to run and dive off a tall
platform and land in a net in the back of a
t 12 1 truck below. Originally the truck is directly
= ; t2 = 2 t1 …(1)
t 22 2 under the platform, it starts forward with a
constant acceleration a at the same instant the
R1 = vx1 × t1; R2 = vx2 × t2 [R1 = x, R2 = 2x]
performer leaves the platform. If the platform
1 v x1 t 1 v x1 1 1 is H above the net in the truck, then the
= ; =
2 vx2 t 2 vx2 2 2 horizontal velocity u that the performer must
have as he leaves the platform is –
v x 1 = v1 , v x 2 = v2
u
v2 = 2 v1 so correct option is (B)
45º
Q.15 To an observer moving along East, the wind →
vB = 60 Km/hr
S
appears to blow from North. If he doubles his
→ → →
speed , the air would appear to come from - v AB = v A – v B
(A) North (B) East vAB
(C) North-East (D) North-West –vB = 60 Km/hr vA = 80 Km/hr
Sol.[C]
N 45º 45º
W E →
v O1
vAB sin = 80 sin 45º – 60 cos 45º
→
v wO1
= 10 2 Km/hr
S
vAB cos = 80 sin 45º + 60 sin 45º
→ → →
v wO1 = v – v O1 = 70 2 Km/hr
→ 1
v O1 : Velocity of observer 1st time tan =
7
→
v wO1 : Velocity of wind with respect to
observer 1 Q.17 A boat man could row his boat with a speed
→
v wO2 : Velocity of wind with respect to 10m/sec. He wants to take his boat from P to
observer 2 a point Q just opposite on the other bank of
→ → → → → the river flowing at a speed 4m/sec. He
v wO2 = v w – v O 2 = v w – 2 v O1
should row his boat –
→ →
= v wO1 – v O1 (A) at right angle to the stream
(B) at an angle of sin–1 (2/5) with PQ up the Acceleration respect to earth g only so option
stream (C) is correct
30º
→ →
Q.18 A bus moves over a straight level road with vR vRM
an acceleration a . A boy in the bus drops a
ball outside. The acceleration of the ball with
–v→RM
respect to the bus and the earth are
→ →
respectively - | v R | sin 30º = | v M |
(A) a and g 10 Km / hr 10 Km / hr
vR = = = 20 Km/hr
(B) a + g and g – a sin 30 º 1/ 2
(C) a 2 + g 2 and g
Questions
based on
Condition for collision of two particles
(D) a +g2 2
and a
Sol.[C] Acceleration respect to bus Q.20 A ball A is projected from origin with an
a
initial velocity v0 = 700 cm/s, in a direction
37º above the horizontal as shown in fig.
Another ball B 300 cm from origin on a line
ar = a2 + g2 37º above the horizontal is released from rest
From BOC, A
BC 30 m
sin 37° =
OB Sol.[A]
3
BC = 300 sin 37° = 300 × = 180 cm
5 30°
B C
Let ball A and ball B collide after a time t
In ABC,
for ball A, along vertical
AC
1 sin 30° =
sy = uy t + ay t2 AB
2
1
AC = AB sin 30° = 30 × = 15 m
1 2
= 700 sin 37° t + (–g) t2
2 A
2
gt 30°
AC = 420 t – H2
2 II
gt 2 gt 2 gt 2
+ 420t – = 180 = 175 t –
2 2 2
Height fallen by IInd shell
420 t = 180
1 2
180 3 = H2 = 300 sin 30° t + gt
t= = sec 2
420 7
gt 2 ➢ Fill in the blanks type questions
= 150 t +
2
H1 + H2 = AC = 15
Q.24 An aeroplane flies horizontally at height h
15 3
1750 t + 150 t = 15 t = = sec with a constant speed V. An anti-aircraft gun
325 65
fires a shell at the plane when it is vertically
above the gun. The minimum muzzle
➢ True or false type questions
velocity of the shell required to hit the plane
is .............. at an angle ............... with the
Q.22 If in the case of a projectile motion, range R
horizontal.
is n times the maximum height H, then the
Sol. v2 = vx2 + vy2 ; vx = v ; vy = 2gh
angle of projection is equal to tan–1(4/n).
Sol. True v' = v 2 + 2gh
u 2 sin 2 u 2 sin 2
R= ,H= 2gh
g 2g = tan −1
v
2u 2 sin cos nu 2 sin 2
R = nH =
g 2g
Q.25 A particle is projected with a velocity u so
4 4 that its range on a horizontal plane is twice
= tan = tan–1
n n the greatest height attained. The range of
projection is .........................
Q.23 In angular projection motion, the ratio of
Sol. R = 2H
kinetic to potential energy at the highest point
of the path is tan2.
u 2 sin 2 2u 2 sin 2
Sol. False =
g 2g
1 1
KE at highest point = mv2 = m (u cos )2
2 2
2 sin 2
mu 2 cos 2 2 sin cos =
= 2
2
u 2 sin 2 2 1
PE at highest point = mgh = mg tan = 2 , sin = , cos =
2g 5 5
mu sin
2 2
=
2 2 1
2u 2
2u sin cos
2
5 5
mu 2 cos 2 R= = =
Ratio of KE & PE = × g g
2
2 4u 2
= cot2 =
mu sin
2 2
5g
EXERCISE # 2
2k 1 2 2k 2 2
(Only single correct answer type (C) y = x (D) y = x
Part-A k2 k1
questions)
→
Sol.[B] For the particle, v = k1 î + k2 x ĵ
Q.1 A ball is projected upwards from the top of
tower with a velocity 50 m/s making an angle or vx î + vy ĵ = k1 î + k2 x ĵ
300 with the horizontal. The height of the vx = k1, vy = k2 x
tower is 70m. After how many seconds from
dx
the instant of throwing will the ball reach the = k1 dx = k1 dt
dt
ground – x t
(A) 2 s (B) 5 s (C) 7 s (D) 9 s dx = k 1 dt x = k1t …(1)
50 m/s +ve 0 0
–ve vy = k2 x = k 2 k1 t
A 30° dy
= k2k1t dy = k2 k1 t dt
dt
Sol.[C]
y t
dy = k
70 m
2 k1t dt
0 0
B k 2 k1 t 2
y= …(2)
2
We have, for motion from A to B, x
By (1), t = ….(3)
sy = –70, ay = –g = –10, uy = 50 sin 30° = 25 k1
1 k 2 k1 x2 k x2
using sy = uy t + ay t2 By (2) and (3), y = × 2 = 2
2 2 k1 2k1
1
– 70 = 25t + (–10) t2
2 Q.3 A boy throws a ball with a velocity V0 at an
5t2 – 25 t – 70 = 0 t2 – 5t – 14 = 0 angle to the horizontal. At the same instant
he starts running with uniform velocity
t2 – 7t + 2t – 14 = 0 t (t – 7) + 2 (t – 7) = 0
(minimum) to catch the ball before it hits the
(t + 2) (t – 7) = 0 ground. To achieve this, he should run with a
t = 7 sec velocity of-
(A) V0 cos (B) V0 sin
Q.2 A particle moves in the plane xy with velocity (C) V0 tan (D) V02 tan
v = k1 î + k2 x ĵ , where î and ĵ are the unit Sol.[A] He should run with vx (horizontal component of
vectors of the x and y axes, and k1 and k2 are initial velocity of ball) because to catch the ball
at time t displacement of boy should be equal to
constants. At the initial moment of time the
the horizontal displacement of ball so that
particle was located at the point x = y = 0
vb × t = v x × t (v0 – boy velocity)
then the equation of the particle's trajectory y
(x) is – vb = vx , vx = v0 cos
k k
(A) y = 1 x2 (B) y = 2 x2 Q.4 A golfer standing on level ground hits a ball
2k 2 2k 1
with a velocity of u = 52 m/s at an angle
above the horizontal. If tan = 5/12, then the Take x and y axis as shown in figure. Let shell
time for which the ball is at least 15m above falls at point A on the incline
the ground (i.e. between A and B) will be along y- direction
(take g = 10 m/s2) – 21
uy = 21 sin 30° =
u 2
A B
ay = – g cos 30° = – 5 3
sy = 0
15m 15m
1
sy = uy t + ay t2
(A) 1 sec (B) 2 sec (C) 3 sec (D) 4 sec 2
Sol.[B] For the ball's motion along vertical direction 21 1
0= t + (– 5 3 ) t2
1 2 2
sy = uyt + ay t2
2 21
5 5 t=
Now tan = , sin = 5 3
12 13
For sy = 15 m, 1
sx = ux t + ax t2
1 2
15 = 52 sin t + (–g) t2 2
2 21 1 21
5 = 21 cos 30° × + (–g sin 30°)
15 = 52 × t – 5t2 5 3 2 5 3
13
5t2 – 20 t + 15 = 0 t2 – 4t + 3 = 0 (21) 2
(21) 10
2
= – = 44.1 – 14.7
t = 3, t = 1 sec 10 300
above are the two values of t for which ball is at
= 29.4 30 m
a height 15 m above the ground.
So the time for which ball is at least
15 m above the ground is = 3 – 1 = 2 sec Q.6 An aircraft drives towards a stationary target
which is at sea level and when it is at a height
Q.5 A shell is fired from a gun from the bottom of of 1390m above sea level it launches a
a hill along its slope. The slope of the hill is missile towards the target. The initial velocity
= 30º, and the angle of the barrel to the of the missile is 410 m/s in a direction
horizontal = 60º. The initial velocity v of making an angle below the horizontal
the shell is 21 m/sec. Then distance of point where tan = 9/40. Then the time of flight of
from the gun at which shell will fall – the missile from the instant it was launched
(A) 10 m (B) 20 m until it reaches sea level is nearly –
(C) 30 m (D) 40 m (A) 10 sec (B) 15 sec
Sol.[C] (C) 20 sec (D) 25 sec
x
Sol.[A]
A 410 m/s
–ve
+ve
21 m/s
y 30° 1390 m
60°
30°
A
30º 30° g cos 30°
Let missile reaches the sea level at time t.
g
g sin 30° 1
using sy = uy t + ay t2
2
1 2 1
+ 1390 = 410 sin t + gt cos = − ; = /2 + sin–1 (1/n)
2 n
9 9 So correct option is (C)
But tan = sin =
40 41
Q.8 A particle is projected with a speed V from a
9
1390 = 410 × t + 5t2 point O making an angle of 30º with the
41
1390 = 90 t + 5t2 vertical. At the same instant, a second particle
t2 + 18 t – 278 = 0
is thrown vertically upwards from a point A.
The two particle reach H, the highest point on
− 18 + 324 + 1112 −18 + 38
t=– = = 10 sec the parabolic path of particle one
2 2
V
simultaneously. Then ratio is-
v
Q.7 A boat moves relative to water with a velocity
V
which is 1/n times the river flow velocity. At H
what angle to the stream direction must be
30°
boat move to minimize drifting ?
(A) /2 (B) sin–1 (1/n) v
(C) + sin–1(1/n) (D) – sin–1(1/n) O A
2 2
(A) 3 2 (B) 2 3
Sol.[C]
y 2 3
(C) (D)
x 3 2
B C
VR Sol.[C] Let time of flight of first particle be T
T
d vb Time to reach maximum height =
2
Vertical displacement of first particle =
180º–
x
A V 2 sin 2 60
= (Sy)I
Let : vR = velocity of river 2g
VR Vertical displacement of second particle
velocity of boat = Vb =
n T 1 T
(Sy)II = v – g ( )2
Net drift velocity v = vr + vb cos 2 2 2
v v 2 v sin 60 g 4v 2 sin 2 60
= vR + R cos (Sy)II = – ×
n 2 g 2 4 g2
cos 3vV 3V 2
= vR 1 +
n = –
2g 8g
velocity along y axis vy = vb sin
But as particles collide simultaneously, so
d
d = vb sin .t or t = (Sy)I = (Sy)II
v b sin
3V 2 3vV 3V 2
= d [n cosec + cot ] = –
8g 2g 8g
d
For minimum drift =0
dx 3V 2 3vV V 3 4 2
= = =
d [– n cosec cot – cosec2 ] = 0 4g 2g v 3 2 3
Q.9 A projectile can have the same range R for
two angles of projection when projected with
the same speed. If t1 and t2 be the times of
flight in two cases, then the product of times
of flight will be- O A B C
(A) t1t2 R (B) t1t2 R2 (A) The time of flight is the same for all the
(C) t1t2 1/R (D) t1t2 1/R 2
three
Sol. R1 = (vx)1. t1 ..... (1) (B) The launch speed is greatest for particle C
R2 = (vx)2 t2 ......(2) (C) The horizontal velocity component is
1 = ; 2 = 90 – greatest for particle C
R1 = u cos t1; R2 = u cos (90 – ).t2 (D) All of the above
R1 = R2 (given) u 2 sin 2
Sol.[D] Hmax = = constant for all
R R 2g
t1 = ; t2 =
u cos u sin
Hence u sin = constant
2R 2 g R2 2u sin
t1.t2 = = = R. Time of flight =
2u 2 cos − sin R g
so t1 t2 R. So option (A) is correct Time of flight = constant for all
2
R= u x. u y
Q.10 The height y and the distance x along the g
horizontal plane of a projectile on a certain But uy = constant
planet (with no surrounding atmosphere) are So R ux
given by y = (8t – 5t2) meter and x = 6t meter Also, RC > RB > RA
where t is time in seconds. The velocity with Hence, Horizontal component of velocity
which the projectile is projected is – (ux)c > (ux)B > (ux)A
(A) 8 m/s Net velocity = u x 2 + u y2
(B) 6 m/s
Also u sin = constant
(C) 10 /s
u 1/sin
(D) Can not be determined
and A > B > C
Sol. x = 6t meter; y = 8t – 5t2 meter (given)
uA < uB < uC
dx dy
vx = = 6; vy = = 8 – 10 t or C is projected with maximum velocity
dt dt
dv y
ax = 0 ; ay = = – 10 Q.12 A particle is projected from a point O with a
dt velocity u in a direction making an angle
velocity of particle at t upward with the horizontal. After some time
v= vx 2 + vy2 = 6 2 + (8 − 10 t ) 2 at point P it is moving at right angle to its
initial direction of projection. The time of
velocity at t = 0 (projection time velocity)
flight from O to P is-
= 6 2 + 8 2 = 10 m/s. So option (C) is correct u sin u cos ec
(A) (B)
g g
Q.11 Three projectile A, B and C are thrown from
u tan u sec
the same point in the same plane. Their (C) (D)
g g
trajectories are shown in the figure. Then
Sol.[B]
which of the following statement is true –
gR 2
2 2gh + 2
Rmax =
u
= 8h = 2h + R
u P g g 8h
vnet = v 2x + v 2y
Q.21 Two particles are projected from the same effective velocity of aeroplane = v2 − w 2
point with the same speed, at different angles w
1 and 2 to the horizontal. Their times of v
flight are t1 and t2 and they have the same
horizontal range. Then–
A
t
(A) 1 = tan 1 Total time for round trip
t2
d d 2d
t = + =
(B) 1 = tan 2 v −w 2 2
v −w 2 2
v − w2
2
t2
t1 t2 Total time for round trip increases by the
(C) = presence of wind and also depends upon the
sin 1 sin 2
direction of wind.
(D) 1 + 2 = 90º
Sol.[A,C,D]
Part-C Column matching type question
2u sin 1 2u sin 2
t1 = ; t2 =
g g
Q.23 Trajectory of particle in a projectile motion is
As horizontal range is same so 1 + 2 = 90°
x2
t1 sin 1 sin 1 sin 1 given as y = x – . Here, x and y are in
= = = = tan1 80
t2 sin 2 sin (90 − 1 ) cos 1
metres. For this projectile motion match the
t1 t2
Also = following with g = 10 m/s2.
sin 1 sin 2
Column-I Column-II
Q.22 An aero plane flies along straight line from A (A)Angle of projection (P) 20 m
to B with speed v and back again with the (B) Angle of velocity (Q) 80 m
same speed. There is a steady wind speed w. with horizontal after 4s
The distance between A and B is d. Total (C) Maximum height (R) 45º
time for the round trip – 1
(D) Horizontal range (S) tan–1
2vd 2
(A) is if the wind blows along the
v − w2
2
Sol. A → R; B → R; C → P; D → Q
line AB. compare with equation of projectile
gx 2 x2
y = x. tan – ; y=x– Q.25 Assertion : A projectile is thrown with an
2u 2 cos 2 80
cos = 1; = 45º (angle of projection) initial velocity of (aî + bĵ) m/s. If range of
we get = 45º, and u = 20 2 m/s projectile is maximum than a = b.
time T (time period) Reason : In projectile motion, angle of
1 projection is equal of 45° for maximum range
2.20 2
2u sin 2 = 4 sec. condition.
= =
g g Sol.[A] Assertion
so after 4 sec its velocity again attain the same For Rmax; = 45º
angle (projection angle) vy
For Horizantal range Velocity function v = vx î + vy ĵ ; tan =
vx
1 →
R = vx .T = 20 2 × 4.sec = 80 m
2 Given function v = a î + bˆj this compare
1 2
y1 = (vy)t – gt ....... (i);
2
EXERCISE # 3
bomb will explode vertically below the plane.
Part-A Subjective Type Questions Now let plane flies at angle to horizontal.
Along horizontal distance covered by bomb = u
Q.1 If R is the horizontal range and h, the greatest
cos
height of a projectile, prove that its initial
Horizontal distance covered by plane = u cos
5(16h + R ) 2 2
So bomb will explode below plane.
speed is [g = 10 m/s2]
4h Note : Along vertical, plane has no acceleration
(as it is moving with uniform speed)
u so in time t,
h Plane along vertical covers = u sin t
R
gt 2
bomb along vertical covers = u sin t –
Sol. Let u be the velocity and be the angle of 2
projection so bomb will not go up with the plane.
u sin 2
2
u sin 2 2
R= ,h= Q.3 A stone is thrown horizontally from a tower.
g 2g
In 0.5 second after the stone began to move,
u sin = 2gh …(1)
the numerical value of its velocity was 1.5
2(u cos )( u sin ) 2(u cos ) 2gh times its initial velocity. Find the initial
R= =
g g velocity of stone.
gR
u cos = …..(2) Sol. After 0.5 sec along vertical using vy = uy + ayt
2 2gh
vy = 0 + g (0.5) = 0.5 g
(1) + (2) u (sin + cos )
2 2 2 2 2
Along horizontal, vx = v
2 2
g R
= 2gh + Using vnet = vx 2 + vy2 v 2 + 0.25g 2 = 1.5 v
4(2gh)
v2 + 0.25g2 = 2.25 v2 1.25 v2 = (4.9)2
gR 2 10 R 2
u= 2gh + = 20 h + v = 4.382 m/s 4.4 m/s
8h 8h
80 h 2 + 5R 2 5(16 h 2 + R 2 )
= = Q.4 A shell is fired from a point O at an angle of
4h 4h
60º with a speed of 40 m/s & it strikes a
Q.2 A bomb is dropped from a plane flying horizontal plane through O, at a point A. The
gun is fired a second time with the same
horizontally with uniform speed. Show that
angle of elevation but a different speed v. If it
the bomb will explode vertically below the
hits the target which starts to rise vertically
plane. Is the statement true if the plane flies from A with a constant speed 93 m/s at the
with uniform speed but not horizontally ? same instant as the shell is fired, find v. (Take
Sol. The bomb will be projected horizontally. Along g = 10 m/s2)
horizontal distance covered by bomb = ut Along u 2 sin 2
horizontal distance covered by plane = ut so Sol. We have, in 1st case, R =
g
Along vertical using,
1
sy = uyt + ayt2
60° 2
O A 1
–1.2 = 18 sin 30° t + (–9.8) t2
(40 ) sin 2(60 )
2
2
= = 80 3 m
10 4.9 t2 – 9 t – 1.2 = 0
When the shell is fired with speed v then
v 9 + 81 + 23 .52 9 + 10 .2
R = v cos 60° × t 80 3 = t t= = = 1.96 sec
2 9.8 9 .8
Along horizontal, sx = uxt
vt = 160 3 ….(1)
1.732
d = 18 cos 30° × t = 18 × × 1.96
In time t, target rises by = 9 3 t 2
gt 2 vt 3 d = 30.55 m
Shell rises by = v sin 60° t – = –5t2
2 2
32 3 u
=
10 45°
24 ft
v 32 3
vt = 160 3 = 160 3 4ft
10
1600 320 ft
v= = 50 m/s
32 For motion of ball along horizontal
u 2 sin 2(45 )
R= = 350
Q.5 A cricket ball thrown from a height of 1.8 m g
at an angle of 30º with the horizontal at a u2 = 350 × 32
speed of 18 m/s is caught by another field’s If y is vertical displacement,
man at a height of 0.6 m from the ground. gx 2
y = x tan –
How far were the two men apart ? 2u 2 cos 2
18 m/s 1
+ve 32 (320 ) 2
= 320 tan 45° – 2
30° –ve 1
350 32
2
1.2 m y = 320 – 292.571 = 27.43 m
Sol. 1.8 m As this is greater than height of fence. So the
0.6 m
ball will definitely cross the fence.
d
Q.7 (a) A particle is projected with a velocity of 1 2
For x-axis, sx = uxt + a xt
29.4 m/s at an angle of 60º to the horizontal. 2
Find the range on a plane inclined at 30º to 1
= 29.4 cos 30° (2 3 )2 + (–g sin 30°)(2 3 )2
the horizontal when projected from a point 2
of the plane up the plane. = 58.8 m
(b) Determine the velocity with which a stone 2u 2 sin( − 0 ) cos
Alto : R =
must be projected horizontally from a g cos 2 0
point P, so that it may hit the inclined Q.8 A dive bomber, diving at an angle of 53º with
plane perpendicularly. The inclination of the vertical, releases a bomb at an altitude of
the plane with the horizontal is and P is 2400 ft. The bomb hits the ground 5.0 s after
h metre above the foot of the incline as being released. (a) What is the speed of the
shown in the figure.
bomber ? (b) How far did the bomb travel
u P
horizontally during its flight? (c) What were
the horizontal and vertical components of its
velocity just before striking the ground ?
h – ve
+ ve
Sol. 53°
2400 ft u
x
29.4 m/s x
3.3km
y = x tan – (1 + tan2 )
2u 2
gx 2 2 2 B
tan – x tan + y + gx = 0
2u 2 2u 2 9.4 km
Putting x = x & y = h (a) At what initial speed would a volcanic
gx 2 2 2
tan – x tan + h + gx = 0 object have to be ejected at 37º to the
2u 2 2u 2
horizontal from the vent A in order to fall
If projectile clears the pole then roots of above at B as shown in figure.
equation must be real i.e. Discriminant 0 (b) What is the time of flight. (g = 9.8 m/s2)
gx 2 2 Sol.(a) For vertical motion of volcanic object
x2 – 4 2 h + gx 0
2u 2u 2
1 2
sy = uy t + ayt
2
g 2u 2 h + gx 2
1– 2 0 – 3.3 × 1000 = u sin 37° t +
1
(–9.8) t2
u u2
2
u4 – (2gh) u2 – g2x2 0 .....(1) −3ut
3300 = + 4.9 t2 …(1)
Let, u – (2gh) u – g x = 0
4 2 2 2 5
Along horizontal we have, sx = uxt
2gh + 4g 2 h 2 + 4g 2 x 2
u02 = 4
2 9400 = ut ut = 11750 …(2)
5
u02 = g h + h 2 + x 2 3
By (1) 3300 = – × 11750 + 4.9 t2
5
If u2 u02 then expression (i) is greater than or
10350
equal to zero. 4.9 t2 = 2350 × 3 + 3300 = t2 =
4 .9
i.e. if u2 g h + h 2 + x 2 t 46 sec
11750
then projectile will clear the pole. u= 255.43 m/s
46
Q.10 During the volcanic eruption chunks of solid (b) As calculated in part (a) time of flight = t = 46 sec
rock are blasted out of the volcano.
Q.11 A boy throws a ball horizontally with a speed
of v0 = 12 m/s from the Gandhi Setu bridge C
of Patna in an effort to hit the top surface AB
of a truck travelling directly underneath the
boy on the bridge. If the truck maintains a
constant speed u = 15 m/s, and the ball is
projected at the instant B on the top of the
truck appears at point C, determine the
position s where the ball strikes the top of the 2(u cos )( u sin ) 2 6 8
= = = 9.8 m (approx)
truck.
g 9 .8
v0 =12m/s
u 2 sin 2 (u sin ) 2
maximum height = =
2g 2g
8m
S
B A C 64
= = 3.3 m (approx)
u 2 9.8
2u sin 2 8
Time of flight = = = 1.64 sec (approx)
10m g 9 .8
Q.13 An aeroplane is flying at a height of 1960
– ve
metre in a horizontal direction with a velocity
+ ve
of 100 m/s, when it is vertically above an
8m
object M on the ground it drops a bomb. If the
Sol. bomb reaches the ground at the point N, then
15m/s calculate the time taken by the bomb to reach
the ground and also find the distance MN.
Bomb
100m/s –ve
+ve
1 Sol. 1960 m
Along vertical 8=0+ × 9.8 × t2
2
t = 1.27 sec M N
In time t horizontal distance covered by truck
The bomb will be projected horizontally due to
= 15 × t = 15 × 1.27 = 19.16 m
inertia of motion of the plane.
Horizontal distance covered by ball
= 12 × t = 12 × 1.27 = 15.33 m 1
Along vertical, sy = uy t + ay t2
So the ball hits the truck at a position 2
= 19.16 – 15.33 = 3.84 m from point B
1
–1960 = (0) t – (–9.8) t2 = t = 20 sec
2
Q.12 A projectile is projected with an initial
MN = ux t = 100 × 20 = 2000 m
velocity of ( 6î + 8 ĵ ) ms–1 , î = unit vector in
horizontal direction and ĵ = unit vector in Q.14 A projectile is projected from the base of a
vertical upward direction then calculate its hill whose slope is that of right circular cone,
horizontal range, maximum height and time whose axis is vertical. The projectile grazes
of flight. the vertex and strikes the hill again at a point
→ on the base. If be the semi-vertical angle of
Sol. v initial = 6î + 8 ĵ = u cos î + u sin ĵ
the cone, h its height u the initial velocity of
u cos = 6, u sin = 8 projection and the angle of projection,
show that
u 2 sin 2 gh (4 + tan 2 )
Horizontal range = (i) tan = 2 cot (ii) u2 =
g 2
Q.15 A person is standing on a truck moving with a
(h tan h) constant velocity of 14.7 m/s on a horizontal
road. The man throws a ball in such a way
u
Sol. (a) that it returns to the truck after the truck has
h moved 58.8 m. Find the speed and the angle
of projection (a) as seen from the truck, (b) as
h tan h tan seen from the road.
u sin 2
2
clearly, range of projectile =
g
u 2 sin 2
❖ ❖
2h tan = ....(1)
g Sol.
Now clearly the point (h tan , h) lies on the
trajectory of projectile whose equation is,
gx 2 58.8 m
y = x tan –
2u cos2
2 (a) As seen from the truck like motion of ball is
vertically upwards and then downwards as
gh 2 tan 2 relative velocity of truck and ball along
h = h tan tan – horizontal is 0.
2u 2 cos2
Let ball arrive back in time t,
h tan 2 tan for truck, 58.8 = 14.7 t t = 4 sec
1 = tan tan –
u 2 sin 2 Also along vertical (in both cases) displacement
g 1
of ball = 0 0 = vt – × 9.8 t2
2
h tan 2 tan
1 = tan tan – (using (1)) v
2h tan t= v = 4.9 × 4 = 19.6 m/s
4 .9
tan tan So as seen from truck ball goes vertically
1 = tan tan –
2 upward at a speed of 19.6 m/s
tan tan = 2, tan = 2 cot (b) As seen from ground, ball has two
component of velocity horizontal and vertical
2gh tan tan v y 19 .6 4
(b) By (1), u2 = = 2gh tan = = = = 53°
sin 2 sin 2 v x 14 .7 3
tan Along horizontal v' cos 53° × 4 = 58.8
= 2gh
2 sin cos 58 .8 5
v' = = 24.5 m/s
43
tan 2
Now cot = sin = ,
2 4 + tan 2 Q.16 Two bodies are thrown simultaneously from
tan the same point. One thrown straight up and
cos = the other at an angle with the horizontal.
4 + tan 2
Both the bodies have equal velocity of v0.
2gh tan
u2 = Neglecting air drag, find the separation of the
2 2 tan
particle at time t.
4 + tan 2 4 + tan 2
gh
u2 = (4 + tan2)
2
v0 moment when their velocity vectors become
mutually perpendicular.
Sol. v0
II I
I II 4m/s 3m/s
–ve –ve +ve
+ve
→ 1 Sol.
For Ist body, at any time t, s 1 = v 0 t − gt 2 ĵ
2 x2 x1
For second body at anytime
for Ist particle at any instant of time t, velocity
→ 1
s2 = v0 cos t î + v 0 sin t − gt 2 ĵ = v x î + v y ĵ = 3 î + (0 + gt) ĵ
2
→
separation between the bodies at any time t v1 = 3 î + gt ĵ
→ →
→
= s2 − s1 also s 1 = sx î + sy ĵ
1 1 1
= v 0 cos t î + v 0 sin t − gt 2 − v 0 t + gt 2 ĵ = 3t î + 0t + gt 2 ĵ
2 2 2
Q.18 A particle is projected from O at an elevation Net velocity at half of maximum height
and after t second it has an elevation as
u 2 sin 2
seen from the point of projection. Prove that = u 2 cos2 +
2
gt cos
its initial velocity is . As per question,
sin( – )
P(x,y) 2 u 2 sin 2
u cos = u 2 cos2 +
5 2
u
Sol. y 5u2 cos2 = 2u2 cos2 + u2sin2
3u2 cos2 = 2u2 sin2
Let u be the velocity of projection, Now
tan2 = 3 tan = 3
2
gt
y = u sin t – = 60°
2
x = u cos t
y Q.20 A man running on a horizontal road at 8 km/h
from fig. tan = finds the rain falling vertically. He increases his
x
1 speed to 12 km/h and find that the drops are
u sin t – gt 2 making 30º with vertical. Find the speed and
2 gt
tan = = tan –
u cos t 2u cos direction of the rain with respect to the road.
gt Sol.
= tan – tan
2u cos vr01
gt
u=
2 cos (tan – tan )
gt cos cos vm = 8 Km/hr
=
2 cos (sin cos − sin cos )
gt cos cos gt cos o1
= =
2 cos sin( – ) 2 sin( – ) → → →
v ro1 = v r – v m1
Q.19 The velocity of a particle when it is at its from above
2
greatest height is
5
of its velocity when it
v→rO1 v→r
dv
= (6t) î + (8t) ĵ
dt
v t
dv = [6tî + 8tĵ]dt
0 c
6 t 2 8t 2
v= + = 3t î + 4t ĵ
2 2
2 2
dx
vx = = 3t2 ; dx = 3t2 dt
dt
x
dx = x = 3t
3
/ 3 = t3 ......(i)
0
dy
vy = 4t2; = 4t2
dt
y t
dy = 4t dt ;
2
y = 4t3 / 3 .......(ii)
0 0
Q.1 On a frictionless horizontal surface, assumed Q.2 A train is moving along a straight line with a
to be the x-y plane, a small trolley A is constant acceleration 'a'. A boy standing in
moving along a straight line parallel to the y- the train throws a ball forward with a speed of
axis (see figure) with a constant velocity of 10 m/s, at an angle of 60º to the horizontal.
The boy has to move forward by 1.15 m
(3 –1) m/s. At a particular instant, when the
inside the train to catch the ball back at the
line OA makes an angle of 45° with the x-
initial height. The acceleration of the train, in
axis, a ball is thrown along the surface from
m/s2, is. [IIT-2011]
the origin O. Its velocity makes an angle
with the x-axis and it hits the trolley. 2 10 3
Ans.[5] T = = 3 sec
2 10
y
A
x = 10 cos 60° (T) = 5 3 m
In frame of train,
45º 1
O x 5 3= × a × ( 3 )2 + 1.15
2
(a) The motion of the ball is observed from
(a : acceleration of train)
the frame of the trolley. Calculate the
angle made by the velocity vector of the a = 5 m/sec2
vT
vB
vBT
60º
45º
O A
vB vT
(b) Using sine rule =
sin 135 º sin 15 º
vB = 2 m/s
EXERCISE # 5(ARCHIVES)
➢ Old IIT-JEE questions (a) Calculate the distance between the towers
and
Q.1 A boat which has a speed of 5 km/hr in still (b) Find the position where the objects hit the
water crosses a river of width 1 km along the ground. [IIT – 1994]
shortest possible path in 15 minutes. The
C
velocity of the river water in km/hr is : 60°
2m
[IIT-1988]
v m h2
(A) 1 (B) 3 A
h1 P
(C) 4 (D) 41
Sol.[B] vertical displacement = 1 km 20 m 30 m
15 1
t= = hr d1 d2
60 4 B O D
1
Vb cos = = 4 km/h (Vb = velocity of
1/ 4 d
boat in still water)
C V B Sol.
C (d, 30)
60°
u sin .sin
u cos = v +
cos
cos cos − sin sin From the given equations we can find,
v=u
cos dx
= vx = – ap sin pt;
u cos( + ) dt
=
cos
d2x
= ax = ap2 cos pt
dt 2
Q.5 The coordinates of a particle moving in a
dy
= vy = bp cos pt and
plane are given by x(t) = a cos (pt) and y(t) = b dt
sin (pt) where a, b (< a) and p are positive
d2y
= ay = – bp2 sin pt
constants of appropriate dimensions. Then – dt 2
(A) the path of the particle is an ellipse
At time t= or pt =
(B) the velocity and acceleration of the 2p 2
particle are normal to each other at
y
t = /(2p) t =2p
vy
(C) the acceleration of the particle is always
ax x
towards a focus O
(D) the distance travelled by the particle in
time interval t = 0 to t = /(2p) is a.
[IIT - 1999]
ax and vy become zero (because cos = 0)
2
Sol.[A,B,C]
only vx and ay are left,
x
x = a cos pt cos (pt) = or we can say that velocity is along negative
a
x-axis and acceleration along y-axis
y
y = b sin pt sin (pt) =
b
Hence at t = , velocity and acceleration of
2p
Squaring and adding (1) and (2), we get
the particle are normal to each other. So option
x2 y2
+ =1 (b) is also correct. At t = t, position of the
a2 b2
→
Path of the particle is in ellipse. particle r (t) = xî + yˆj = a cos pt î + b sin pt ĵ
Hence option (a) is correct and acceleration of the particle is
→
a ( t ) = a x î + a y ĵ = p2 [a cos pt î + b sin pt ĵ ]
→
= –p2 [x î + y ĵ = – p2 r (t)]
Therefore acceleration of the particle is always 1
u cos t = 3 + × 1.5 t2 ....(1)
directed towards origin. 2
Hence option (C) is also correct. 1 2
Along vertical, 1.25 = u sin t – gt ...(2)
2
At t = 0, particle is at (a, 0) and at t = ,
2p 1 2
[using sy = uyt + ayt ]
2
particle is at (0, b), Therefore, the distance
v cos 45° = u cos [using vx = ux]
covered is one fourth of the elipitical path not a.
–v sin 45° = u sin – gt [using vy = uy + ayt]
Hence option (d) is wrong.
v cos 45 u cos
=
– v sin 45 u sin − gt
Q.6 An object A is kept fixed at the point x = 3 m
and y = 1.25 m on a plank P raised above the u cos + u sin = gt
ground. At time t = 0 the plank starts moving u (cos + sin ) = gt ....(3)
along the +x direction with an acceleration gt 2
by (2) u sin t = 1.25 + ....(4)
1.5 m/s2. At the same instant a stone is 2
projected from the origin with a velocity u as Adding (1) & (4),
shown. A stationary person on the ground
1 3 2
observes the stone hitting the object during its ut (cos + sin ) = 4.25 + × t + 5t2
2 2
downwards motion at an angle of 45º to the
10 t2 = 4.25 + 0.75 t2 + 5t2 [using (3)]
horizontal. All the motions are in x-y plane.
Find u and the time after which the stone hits 4.25 t2 = 4.25 , t = 1 sec
the object. Take g = 10 m/s2. [IIT – 2000] 1
By (1), u cos = 3 + × 1.5 × 1 = 3.75 m
2
A u sin = 1.25 + 5 × 1 = 6.25 m
y
1.25m P u2 (cos2 + sin2 ) = (3.75)2 + (6.25)2
u = 7.3 m/s
6.25 5 5
tan = = ; = tan–1
u 3.75 3 3
x
3m
Sol. Q.7 Two particles are projected from the same
y point with velocities v and 2v making equal
A B angle = 30º with the horizontal in opposite
45° directions as shown in the figure. Find the
u separation between them when their velocity
1.25m vectors become mutually perpendicular. The
acceleration due to gravity is g.
A1 B1
x v 2v
3m
Let stone hits the object at B after a time t,
object goes from A to B in time t. Let v be
velocity of stone at B Sol. Let the point of projection be taken as origin.
For stone, along horizontal For 1st particle at any instant of time,
OB1 = OA1 + A1B1 vx = v cos , vy = uy + ayt = v sin – gt
→
v 1 = v cos (– î ) + (v sin – gt) ĵ
→ 3v 2 2 3v 2
s2 = 2 î + 0 ĵ = î
g g
= – v cos î + (v sin – gt) ĵ
separation between particles ,
− 3v î v 3 3v 2 v2
= + −gt ĵ → →
s 2 − s1 = î + ĵ
2 2 g g
For 2nd particle at any instant of time,
vx = 2 v cos , vy = uy + ay t = 2v sin – gt 27 v 4 v4 v2 2 7v2
= + = 28 =
→
g2 g2 g g
v 2 = v x î + v y ĵ = 2v cos î + (2v sin – gt) ĵ
gt 2 gx 2
u cos t – = d tan – u sin tan t y = x tan –
2 2u 2 cos 2
gt2 – 2u cos t [tan2 +] + 2d tan = 0 u
gt2 – 2u cos t sec2 + 2d tan = 0
2u t
gt2 – + 2d tan = 0
cos
gt2 – 2u sec t + 2d tan = 0
gx 2 gx 2
tan2 – x tan + 2 − h = 0
2 2u
2u
gx 2 gx 2
x2 – 4 2 − h 2 0
2u 2u
g2 2ghx 2
x2 – x4 + 0
u4 u2
2gh g 2
x2 1 + 2 − 4 x 2 0
u u
2gh g2
1+ – x2 0
u2 u4
u 4 2gh
x2 1 + 2
g2 u
u2 2gh
x 1+
g u2
u
x u 2 + 2gh
g
u
x max = u 2 + 2gh
g