PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

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 PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino
people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God, in order to build a
just and humane society and
establish a Government that shall
embody our ideals and
aspirations, promote the
common good, conserve and
develop our patrimony, and
secure to ourselves and our
posterity the blessings of
independence and democracy
under the rule of law and a
regime of truth, justice,
freedom, love, equality, and
peace, do ordain and promulgate
this Constitution.

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 CONSTITUTION
Let’s review some concepts

RESPONSIBIL
ITIES

fundamental
law of the land,
always BRANCHES RULE BOOK POWERS

SUPREME

RIGHT OF
THE PEOPLE

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 CONSTITUTION
Let’s review OF GOVERNMENT
some concepts

ARTICLE 2
ARTICLE 6 ARTICLE 7
Declaration of
Legislative Executive Department
Principles and State
Department
Policies

ARTICLE 8 ARTICLE 9 ARTICLE 10

Judicial Constitutional Local
Department Commissions Government

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 CONSTITUTION
Let’s review someOF LIBERTY
concepts

ARTICLE 3 ARTICLE 4 ARTICLE 12

Bill of Rights Citizenship National Economy and
Patrimony

ARTICLE 13 ARTICLE 14 ARTICLE 15

Social Justice and Education, Science The Family
Human Rights and Technology, Arts,
Culture and Sports
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 Let’s review some
CONSTITUTION concepts
OF SOVEREIGNTY

ARTICLE 2 ARTICLE 5 ARTICLE 11 ARTICLE 17

Declaration of Suffrage Accountability of Amendments of
Principles and State
Officers Revisions
Policies

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 STATE, NATION & GOVERNMENT

State Nation Government

1. People `-large group of people who
2. Territory (Article 1) share common embodied
-Philippines vs. China characteristics such as
by the public officials
language traditions and
-Archipelago: water the members of the
ethnicity and also share a
studded with
history and culture police and armed
islands
-As of 2021, 111, 046,910 forces the
1. Government
2. Sovereignty - government officers
power of the state and workers

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 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

◉ Democracy - A government where the majority makes the decision by

voting
❖ direct & representative
◉ Free and fair elections
◉ The active participation of the people
◉ Human rights of all citizens
◉ A rule of law in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens
◉ Republic - A government where people choose other people to make
decisions for us
❏ people and their elected representatives.
❏ is that the leader of this government (or state) is elected or installed.

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 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

◉ Communism – a government where people are all “equal”

❏ classless society–”close the gap between the rich & the poor”
❏ as of 2020, five proclaimed communist countries continue to exist: North Korea,
Vietnam, China, Cuba, and Laos.

◉ Autocracy - A government where one person makes all the rules

❏ exist today in the form of absolute monarchies and dictatorships.
❏ often linked autocracy with totalitarian regimes, such as that of Adolf Hitler in
Germany and Josef Stalin in the Soviet Union

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 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

◉ Oligarchy - A government where decisions are made by a group known

as the “elite” (intelligence/race/money/class)
generally applied to China and Iran; This system has helped the wealthy and powerful
maintain their control, while providing relatively little power or freedom to most citizens.

◉ Theocracy – a government where laws are made by god, but

interpreted by a religious figure
Iran has been characterized as a theocracy and a clerical oligarchy

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 CITIZENSHIP

I. Natural Born
a. A person who, at the time of his/her birth, has at least one Filipino parent,
b. A person born to a Filipino mother before 17 January 1973 who elected
Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority (21 years old) and
c. those who were born under the 1935 and 1973 Philippine Constitutions.
d. those who were naturalized in accordance with law
❖ Those born of Filipino fathers and/or mothers in foreign countries following
the principle of jus soli which makes them dual citizens by birth
Jus soli (right of soil) is the legal principle that a person’s nationality at birth
is determined by the place of birth (i.e., the territory of a given state).
Jus sanguinis (right of blood) is the legal principle that, at birth, an individual
acquires the nationality of his/ her natural parent/s.
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 CITIZENSHIP

II. Revised Naturalization Law (Commonwealth Act 473)

-not less than 21 yrs of age on the day of hearing of the petition
-resided continuously for not less than 10 years
-must be of good moral character and believes in the principles underlying the
Philippine Constitution
-own real estate in the Philippines worth not less than five thousand pesos, Philippine
currency, or must have some known lucrative trade, profession, or lawful occupation
-must be able to speak and write English or Spanish and any one of the principal
Philippine languages
-must have enrolled his minor children of school age, in any of the public schools or
private schools recognized by the Office of Private Education

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CITIZENSHIP

◉ RA 9225 (Dual Citizenship)

provides for the re-
acquisition of Philippine
citizenship which has been
lost through naturalization
only.
◉ If a child is born in the
Philippines to foreign
parents, they are not
automatically a Filipino
citizen.
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SUFFRAGE

● at least eighteen years of age,

● who shall have resided in the
Philippines for at least one
year,
● in the place wherein they
propose to vote, for at least six
months immediately preceding
the election.

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GOVERNMENT BRANCHES

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 EXECUTIVE BRANCH

The President, Vice-President & Cabinet

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 EXECUTIVE BRANCH
PRESIDENT
● Create issuances (EOs, AOs, proclamations,
QUALIFICATIONS
memorandum orders, memorandum
◉ a natural-born citizen of the Philippines
◉ a registered voter circulars, and general or special orders)
◉ able to read and write
● Appoint heads of executive departments,
◉ at least forty years of age on the day of the
election, ambassadors, military officials, members of
◉ and a resident of the Philippines for at least
the Judicial and Bar Council, members of
ten years immediately preceding such
election. the Supreme Court and lower courts, and
★ serves a term of 6 years chairpersons of the constitutional
★ Head of state & government
commissions
★ The Constitution grants to appoint his
Cabinet. ● Act as Commander-in-Chief of the AFP
★ Commander-in-chief of the Armed ● Veto any item in an appropriation, revenue,
Forces of the Philippines. 17 or tariff bill
 EXECUTIVE BRANCH

● Appoint undersecretaries and assistant secretaries of executive departments, upon the

nomination of the secretary of each department
● Appoint directors and assistant directors of bureaus, regional and assistant regional
directors, department service chiefs, or any equivalent positions as stated in the
Constitution and the Administrative Code of 1987
● Head the National Security Council
● Supervise all local governments
● Suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, but only to persons charged with
rebellion or directly connected with invasion
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 EXECUTIVE BRANCH

● Place the whole or part of the Philippines under martial law, upon the approval of
Congress
● Grant reprieves, issue pardons, or remit fines/forfeitures after a judgement has
been passed
● Submit a budget of expenditures and sources of financing to Congress as a basis
for the general appropriations bill
● Address Congress before or during the opening of its regular session
● Deport or decide the non-immigrant status of foreigners in the Philippines
● Direct the Solicitor General to acquire private property for public use (eminent
domain) 19
 EXECUTIVE BRANCH

VICE PRESIDENT
◉ shall have the same qualifications and term of office and be elected
with, and in the same manner, as the President.

★ take the place of the President in case of the President's death,

permanent disability, removal or resignation from office.
★ may be appointed as a Member of the Cabinet. Such appointment
requires no confirmation.
★ Serve as an executive committee member in the National Security
Council

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 EXECUTIVE BRANCH
CABINET
❖ consists of the heads of the largest part of the executive branch of the national
government of the Philippines.
❖ nominated by the president and then presented to the Commission on
Appointments, or confirmation or rejection. If the presidential appointees are
approved, they are sworn into office, receive the title "Secretary", and begin to
function their duties.
❖ cabinet secretaries are tasked to advise the president on the different affairs of
the state like agriculture, budget, energy, finance, education, social welfare,
national defense, foreign policy, and the like.
❖ 22 executive departments & heads of other several other minor agencies and
offices that are subordinate to the president of the Philippines.

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 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

SENATE & THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

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 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
SENATE
❖ the upper house of Congress
❖ 24 senators
❖ serve six-year terms with a maximum of two consecutive terms,with half
of the senators elected in staggered elections every three years.
❖ President of the Senate : Juan Miguel "Migz" Fernandez Zubiri
❖ every bill or resolution that has to go through both houses needs the
consent of both chambers before being passed for the president's
signature.
❖ the only body that can concur with treaties, and can try impeachment
cases.

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 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

QUALIFICATIONS
● is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines,
● and on the day of the election, is at least 35 years of age,
able to read and write,
● A registered voter, and
● a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years
immediately preceding the day of the election.

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 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE
❖ the lower house of Congress
❖ informally called congressmen or congresswomen
❖ elected to a three-year term. They can be re-elected, but cannot serve more
than three consecutive terms except with an interruption of one term like
the senate.
❖ agreement to every bill in order to be sent for the president's signature to
become law,
❖ has power to impeach certain officials and all franchise and money bills must
originate from the lower house.
❖ Speaker of the House of Representatives: Ferdinand Martin Gomez Romualdez

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 JUDICIARY BRANCH

The Supreme Court, Court of Appeals & Regional Trial Court

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 METROPOLITAN/
SUPREME COURT OF REGIONAL TRIAL
MUNICIPAL TRIAL
COURT APPEALS COURT
COURT
15 MEMBERS 70 MEMBERS
(1 CHIEF (1 PRESIDING
13 JUDICIAL 1 PER
COMPOSITION JUSTICE, 14 JUSTICE, 69
REGIONS MUNICIPALITY/CITY
ASSOC. ASSOC.
JUSTICES JUSTICES)
CITIZENSHIP NATURAL-BORN FILIPINO CITIZEN
MINIMUM AGE
REQUIREMENT
40 40 35 30
FOR
APPOINTMENT
YEARS OF
PRACTICE OF 15 15 10 5
LAW
CHARACTER PROVEN COMPETENCE, INTEGRITY, PROBITY & INDEPENDENCE

MEMBER OF THE
YES
PHILIPPINE BAR
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 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

1. What form of government 2. The right to vote is also

does the Philippines adopt? known as__________.

a. Republican a. suffrage
b. Democratic b. naturalization
c. Neither a nor b c. democracy
d. Both a and b d. plebiscite

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 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

3. The members of the Lower 4. How many Senators are

house are there in the Senate?

a. Elected by region and by a. twenty-five

party list. b. twenty-four
b. Elected by region and c. twelve
appointed by the President.
d. thirty
c. Elected by district and party
list.
d. Elected by district and
appointed by the Senators.
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 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

5. What branch of 6. What is the minimum age

government has the sole requirement of a Senator?
right to initiate all cases of
impeachment?
a. thirty
b. twenty-five
a. Senate
c. twenty
b. Commission of Election
d. thirty-five
c. House of Representative
d. Judiciary
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 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

7. The legislative power of 8. This law promotes

the government shall be responsible family planning
vested in the and proper use of
reproductive methods to
eliminate over-population
a. President growth.
b. Congress a. RH Bill
c. Supreme Court b. Responsible Parenthood and
d. All of the above Reproductive Health Law
c. Reproductive Law
d. Family Planning
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 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

9. It is a written instrument 10. It is a law in the Philippines that

aims to address legal issues
containing the proposition
concerning online interactions
and required number of and harmful internet behavior
signatories and shall be in a in the Philippines. It aims to
form determined by and prevent and punish cybercrime
submitted to the in the country.
Commission on Elections.
a. Bill a. Cybersquatting
b. Law b. Cybercrime Act
c. Proposition c. Cybercrime Prevention Act
d. Petition d. Cyber Identity Theft Act
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