2.

6 Fundamental Theorem, Definite Integrals and Calculator Integration

b
If f is a continuous function on  a,b  , then ∫a
f(x)dx = F(b) − F(a) . This relationship is known as
the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC).

b
It may also be noted that if f’ is a continuous function on  a,b  , then ∫a
f'(x)dx = f(b) − f(a) .

Indefinite Integrals Definite Integrals

b
∫ f(x)dx = F(x) + C ∫a
f(x)dx = F(b) − F(a)
b
∫ f'(x)dx = f(x) + C ∫a
f'(x)dx = f(b) − f(a)

spaces
The value of the definite integral may be thought of as a “signed area” from the lower limit a
(usually the left side boundary) to the upper limit b (usually the right sided boundary), and between
the curve of f(x) and the x-axis. The value may be positive, negative, or zero.

Calculator Integration: aTI-84 calculator can be used to find the value of a definite integral from a
to b by using in the calculate (graph) menu or fnInt in the math menu. The calculate menu shows a
graphical representation of the “signed area” together with the value of the definite integral.

Examples:

Use the calculate menu to evaluate the following definite integrals.

∫ (x ) ∫ (x )
1 6 5
1. − 6x dx 2. − 6x dx 0 3. ∫ x3 − 6x dx
3 3
−3 4 − 6 −5 198

The math menu only provides the value of the definite integral, but that is usually all that we need.
The math menu give a more accurate answer. Use the math menu to evaluate:

5
4. ∫−5
x3 − 6x dx Compare your answer to 3# above.

If using old operation system notation is: (

fnInt(abs x3 − 6x ,x,-5,5) )
 graph
3
5. Use the idea of “signed area” to evaluate ∫
0
2x − 1 dx without using a calculator.

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6. Set up a definite integral which could be used to find the area of the
region bounded by the graph of y = 2x2 − 3x + 2 (show at right), the x-axis,
and the vertical lines, x = 0 and x = 2.

2x 3 2 dx

Evaluate without using a calculator.

7. ∫0
4
(2 )
y + 1 dy 8. ∫ ( 4t + 1)
0
1 5
dt

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9. ∫
1
2x − 1
dx

0 2 1 x
du 2ax OI
du ax

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cos (2x ) dx ∫ f ( x ) dx
π
4
10. ∫ 11.
2

0 0

U 2x
du sax
2.6 Assignment 1-8, 9-23 odd, 24-27, 29-31