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&

. 200670

2011

Strange attractors

Fractals

Lindenmayer Systems

(Fractional Noice) Fractal noise

Lindernmayer

Lindenmayer


'80
Edwand N. Lorenz Benoit Mandelbrot
.
,
(deterministic) ,
.
, , .
, .
.
(Nierhaus, 2009)

.
.
-
. Mandelbrot
Lindenmayer,
fractals L.
.
,

. DuBois

, .

1837 Pierre-Francois Verhulst
. Xn + 1 = rXn(1-Xn).

.

Lorenz 1963
.
.
deterministic chaotic
systems (Nierhaus, 2009).
3


Strange Attractors
Attractor .
attractor
fractal strange attractor ().
.

.
. strange
attractor Henon attractor, o Rossley attractor Lorenz attractor.
Lorenz attractor
(Nierhaus, 2009).

Fractals
fractals
, (scale
invariance). Fractal
, .
Benoit Mandelbrot fractus
frangere . Cantor

fractal . 1/3

. (Nierhaus, 2009)

Cantor set

 fractal (snowflake
curve) Helge von Koch 1906.
fractals .

. ,
. (Neirhaus, 2009)
Mandelbrot
(Apple Man),
G.M Julia
(compex numbers,
a+bi = 1 ). :
z0= 0 c .
2

zn1=z n c

. ,
.

Lindenmayer Systems
L-systems
Aristid Lidenmayer
1968. 1974 Paulien Hogeweg
Ben Hesper
. 1984, L-systems
Alvy Ray Smith
. (Nirehaus, 2009)
grammars Chomsky L-systems
. ,
.
L-systems , (,,).
0.
, . (Nierhaus, 2009, 150)

 Koch DOL-
= 60 F P: F -> F + F - - F + F , +
+ - . -.

 (Fractional Noice) Fractal noise

O Mandelbrot John W. Van Ness
1968
.

.
0
1/ f
.
1/ f 2 .
1/f (Nierhaus,2009, 155)

,
.
3 .

Jeff Pressing.
, attack time envelope, ,
. ,

, c
2 d
Hz. Pressing
,

.
. (Neirhaus,2009,159)
7

 Rick Bidlack 2-,3- 4-

. .

. Ian Stewart
; fractal

. (Madden, 1999,116)

Lindernmayer .
Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz
L-systems.
Prusinkiewicz Hilbert.
,
.
.
.(Nierhaus,2009,159)
8

 John McCormack , Markov,

grammar Lindenmayer
.
McCormack
. grammars
DOL- , grammars
. grammars
,
.
McCormack
,
. (Nierhaus,2009,160)

Lindenmayer
o Roger Luke Dubois
Lindenmayer,

.
(turtle) L-systems.


L-system.
(Nierhaus,2009,160)
: X
= n: 5
P1 : X-> F [[X]+cX]+F[+FcX]-X
P2 : F->FF
:
9

 DuBois

:
F-[[X]+cX]+F[+FcX]-X]+

,

.
.
.



. L fractals
,
- . , .

.
Cliodynamics,
Chua, , , Henon.

1. Koch http://sections.maa.org/lams/proceedings/spring2003/Kraus.Poitevint.pdf
2. L-systems http://algorithmicbotany.org/papers/abop/abop-ch1.pdf
3. Gerhard Nierhaus, Algorithmic composition: paradigms of automated music
generation (Springer, 2009).
4. Francis Rumsey and Tim McCormick, Sound and Recording (Focal Press,
2009).
5. Edgar E. Peters, Fractal market analysis: applying chaos theory to
investment and economics (John Wiley and Sons, 1994).
6. Yuliya Mishura, Stochastic calculus for fractional Brownian motion and
related processes (Springer, 2008).
7. Four-dimensional equations http://www.grin.com/en/doc/243274/topics-in-appliedstochastic-dynamics
8. Charles B. Madden, Fractals in music: introductory mathematics for musical
analysis (High Art Press, 1999).
9. Roger Luke Dubois Applications of Generative String-Substitution Systems in
Computer Music Columbia University 2003
http://music.columbia.edu/~luke/dissertation/dissertation.pdf
10. Stelios Manousakis Musical L-Systems The Royal Conservatory, The Hague
2006

1.
2.
3.

Strange Attractor http://www.stsci.edu/~lbradley/seminar/attractors.html

Fractals http://classes.yale.edu/fractals/
Rewriting http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewrite_system