HEAT ENERGY

TEMPERATURE DEPENDS ON PARTICLE

MOVEMENT!
 All matter is made up of atoms that are
moving…even solid objects have atoms that are
vibrating.

 The motion from the atoms gives the object

energy.
 THE KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
 All
of the particles that make up matter are
constantly in motion

 Solid= vibrating atoms

 Liquid= flowing atoms
 Gas= move freely
 Plasma=
move incredibly
fast and freely

www.nasa.gov
TEMPERATURE
isa measure of the average kinetic
energy of all particles within an
object.

indicates how warm or cold an

object is with regards to the
standard.
A thermometer
is a device that
measures
temperature.
HOW DOES A THERMOMETER WORK?
 The thermometer can measure temperature
because the substance of the liquid inside always
expands (increases) or contracts (decreases) by a
certain amount due to a change in temperature.
 THERMAL
EXPANSION
 Allgases, liquids, and
most solids expand when
their temperature
Joints such as
increases. this one are
used in
 This is why bridges are bridges to
accommodate
built with short
thermal
segments with small expansion.
breaks to allow for
(Reproduced by
expansion permission of
JLM Visuals)
 TEMPERATURE SCALES
 Fahrenheit is a temperature scale used mostly in
the United States.
 Celsius is the temperature scale used mostly in
other countries and in science. Based on 0 C
being freezing point and 100 C being boiling
point, the difference between those two points is
divided up into 100 equal parts.

 Kelvin scale is the temperature scale used by

scientists, where all of the numbers are positive.
It is based off the idea of absolute zero.
HEAT
isthe transfer of energy from the
particles of one object due to a
temperature difference between the
two objects.
THREE METHODS OF ENERGY
TRANSFER …

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
WHAT IS CONDUCTION?
Itis the transfer of energy as
heat between particles as they
collide within a substance or
between two objects in
contact.
TWO FACTORS INVOLVED IN
CONDUCTION

1. Has the direct contact of objects

or atoms.
2. Usually is an energy transfer
between solids
Example:
 Leaving a
metal spoon in a pot of
soup cooking on the stove.
WHAT IS CONVECTION?
It is the transfer of energy by
the movement of fluids with
different temperature.
HOW DOES CONVECTION MOVE?
It is a result
from the
movement of
hotter fluids
to colder
fluids.
TWO TYPES OF FLUIDS
Gases and
liquids.
CONVECTION CURRENT.
isthe flow of a fluid due to the
heated expansion followed by
cooling and contraction
Examples:
 Glowing embers caught in the warmed
air above a campfire, or the movement
inside the earth for the plate tectonic
movement.
WHAT IS RADIATION?
Radiation is the transfer of
energy by electromagnetic waves.
Examples:
 When you stand by fire, your skin
absorbs the energy radiated by the
fire.
How does heat energy get
from the Sun to the Earth? There are no particles
between the Sun and the
Earth so it CANNOT travel
by conduction or by
convection.

RADIATION
?
HOW DOES RADIATION DIFFER
FROM CONDUCTION AND
CONVECTION?

Itdoes not involve or the

movement of matter (or physical
contact between objects). So it
can travel through a vacuum like
space.
HOW IS RADIATION LIKE
CONVECTION?

Radiation is like convection in

that it can travel through fluids.
CONDUCTORS
are materials through which energy
can easily be transferred as heat.
Examples - Some cooking pan,
copper, and silver.
In general metals are better than
nonmetals.
INSULATORS
are materials that are poor
energy conductors.
Examples - Some insulators are
wood, foam, rubber, and
polystyrene