Assessment

Chapter-1
Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

Why is it important for us to know about E –waste?

It protects the environment

Recycling e-waste can keep a range of harmful materials out of the environment.
Lighting, including fluorescent tubes and lamps, contains toxic mercury that can leach into
waterways when it is thrown into landfill

What are the key resources that are used in the manufacturing of electronic products?

A variety of metals, plastics, raw materials and chemicals are used by the electronics
industry.
Some of the more common metals include copper, lithium, tin, silver, gold, nickel, and
aluminum

What are the reasons behind the staggering growth of e-waste?

Growing speed of ICT industry
Rapid technological advances
Increasing number of users
Increasing demand for superior innovation and efficiency
Social and economic growth
Shorter replacement cycles of electronics and electrical items
Why is capacity building and training important in the Indian scenario when e-waste is
concerned?
the importance of capacity building in the ewaste sector because of the quantum of
ewaste that is being produced in the country today and which is likely to increase manifold
in the future.

What do you understand about material flow along the life cycle of electrical and
electronic equipment?

The lifecycle of e-waste can be broadly represented in three steps:

1. Material flow
2. Life cycle
3. Geographical boundary

The following flowchart gives an understanding of material flow along the life cycle of
electrical and electronic equipment, its conversion into an obsolete item and
transformation into a new material.
Assessment
Chapter- 2
Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

What do you understand about EPR?

Extended Producer responsibility
The concept of 'Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)' was also introduced which made
manufacturers liable for safe disposal of electronic goods.
In 22nd March, 2018, to expedite the effective implementation of sound management of e-
waste, the collection targets for manufacturers were introduced under the EPR provision.

What are the set targets for e-waste collection under EPR?
 No. Year E waste Collection target

1 During first two year of 30% of the quantity of

implementation of rules waste generation as
indicated in Extended
Producer Responsibility
Plan.

2 During third and fourth 40% of the quantity of

years of implementation waste generation as
of rules indicated in Extended
Producer Responsibility
Plan.

3 During Fifth and Sixth 50% of the quantity of

years of implementation waste generation as
of rules indicated in Extended
Producer Responsibility
Plan

4 Seventh year onward of 70% of the quantity of

implementation of rules waste generation as
indicated in Extended
Producer Responsibility
Plan

What do you understand about RoHS?

RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances. RoHS, also known as Directive
2002/95/EC, originated in the European Union and restricts the use of specific hazardous
materials found in electrical and electronic products (known as EEE). All applicable
products in the EU market after July 1, 2006 must pass RoHS compliance.
Restricted materials mandated under RoHS?
The substances banned under RoHS are lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent
chromium (CrVI), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDE), and four different phthalates (DEHP, BBP, BBP, DIBP).
What is the responsibility of the consumers under the e-waste management rules, 2016?

 Bulk Consumers may store or collect the e-waste for a time period of not more than 180
days & shall maintain a record of sale, transfer, storage, and collection of waste and make
these records available for examination

As per E-waste (management) Rules, 2016, what are the minimum criteria to set up E-waste
dismantling facility?

It is estimated that a minimum of 300 square meter area for a dismantling capacity of
1T/day is required for storage of raw material, segregated material, dismantling operations
and office/administration & other utilities.
Any person or organisation or registered society or a designated agency or a company or
an association can engage in dismantling of e-waste into their components by obtaining
authorisation from the respective SPCBs/PCCs.

Dismantlers may set up their collection centre, details of which shall be entered in their
authorisation. These collection centres shall not require separate authorisation. The
following conditions should also be met:
Assessment
Chapter- 3

Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

Provide the list of Personal Protective Equipments

Safety Gloves
Safety Shoes
Dust Mask
Apron
Safety Goggles
Arm protection cuffs

Write down the importance of Personal Protective Equipment.

It is required to wear personal protection equipment during manual dismantling.

ROBUST GLOVES – protects the labourer from getting his hands cut by sharp objects or
splints. Optimal gloves are tight so that the labourer can execute his work efficiently and
effectively
PROTECTIVE GOGGLES – should be worn whenever the hammer is applied or while
removing cartridges or toners from printers.
DUST MASKS – should be worn while equalizing the pressure in the CRT monitor, while
cutting the CRT tube and while handling with the printer.
PROTECTIVE SHOES - contain steel bars and protect the worker in case heavy components
drop
APRONS- are robust and easy to clean, it also protects from any kind of spillage and the
bright and luminescent colour of the apron helps in easy identification of the worker in low
light area.

What are the safety gears while handling E-waste?

Protective gloves: No worker should try to dismantle any equipment with bare hands. The
equipment may contain harmful chemicals which when come incontact with the skin can
damage theskin.
Protective goggles: It is required to protect the eyes of workers from exposure of ultra
violet rays which is used for cutting and welding. It also protects from various chemicals,
vapours and dust which may harm their eyes.
Dust masks: Masks help them from not inhaling harmful vapours and gases. Suspended
fine particulate matter can also enter into the respiratory system which may severely
damage the health of the workers.
Shoes: Shoes not only prevent the feet of the workers from an accidental drop of heavy
equipment on their feet but also prevent their body from an accidental electric shock.
What are the preventive measures in case of the accidents in the facility?
Employers must determine the possible hazards in the workplace and make a detailed plan
of action to control them
. Workers must be told about the hazards at the time of their training and precautions that
they must take for safe work practice.
3. Employers must check and make corrections to the workplace condition regularly
4. Employers must keep a written document about injury and illness prevention and share
with the workers
. A proper evacuation plan must be designed in case of a large accident. It should be
displayed at various places and employers must conduct practice drill with workers at
regular intervals to make them familiar with the plan.
The employer must provide all kinds of protective equipments to the workers.
The dismantling facility should be well ventilated and should have clear exit facility in case
of an accident.
The owner of the dismantling facility should periodically check on the compliance of steps
taken to prevent any accident and prompt actions should be taken in case of
noncompliance of any of the steps.
. A disaster management team can be constituted by the owner of the facility.
. Measurements must be taken against the leakage of harmful gases, dust which may harm
the environment and people near the facility.
Compliance certificate should be taken from the competent authorities for the protection
of

Explain briefly about the colour codings for safety measures in the facility.

All the staff working in dismantling facility must be trained about the safety measures.
There are various colour codes, recommended by Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA).
The first set of safety colors issued by OSHA covers the broad categories of hazards that
exist in facilities, and how people should be warned about them.
There are four main types of warning language used for this set of standards

Danger- To alert people of a danger (which is used when there is an immediate risk), OSHA
says signs and other safety signals should be red or predominantly red. Any lettering or
symbols need to be a contrasting colour to ensure maximum visibility.

Warning - The warning category is for when there is a risk, but it is not as severe or
immediate as when danger is used. The safety colour associated with warning is orange or
predominantly orange. As with the red, any lettering or symbols should be a contrasting
colour.

Caution - This category is for alerting people of a potential risk, and the colour used is
yellow or predominantly yellow

Biological Hazard - Biohazard dangers have gotten their own category because of the
unique risks they present. When issuing a safety alert about biohazards, the color to use is
fluorescent orange or orange-red.
Assessment
Chapter- 4

Section 3:
Answer the following questions:

What is E –waste dismantling?

E-waste dismantling is the process of breaking electrical and electronic equipment at their
end of life is a systematic manner so that some components can be reused, recycled and
valuable elements /metals can be recovered in an environment friendly manner.
It is a mix of manual and automated process, bringing least environmental impact and
maximizing value from the process of e-waste disposal.

What are the main steps of manual dismantling?

Step 1: Separation of reusable appliances

Step 2: Depopulation – assured removal and controlled disposal of hazardous components

Step

3: Provide high valuable substances (like precious metals, rare earth metals) for recovery
without losses

Step 4: Adequate conditioning of materials contained in electronic appliances for further

mechanical recycling and material recovery.

MAIN STEPS OF MANUAL DISMANTLING:

1. Opening of the appliance (separation of the housing from the rest of the appliance)
2. Localization, identification and removal of hazardous components
3. Dismantling and separation of the remaining components into marketable fractions.
Write down the importance of E-waste segregation.

Electronic recycling can be challenging because discarded electronic devices are

sophisticated devices consisting of varying proportions of glass, metals and plastics.
The process of recycling can vary, depending upon materials being recycled and the
technologies employed.
Collection and transportation are two of the initial stages of the recycling process.
Recyclers place collection bins or electronics take –back booths in specific locations and
transport the collected ewaste from these sites to recycling plants and facilities. After
collection of e-waste and transportation to recycling facilities, materials in e-waste stream
must be processed and separated into clean commodities that can be used to make new
products.
Efficient separation of materials or ewaste segregation is the foundation of electronics
recycling. Initial shredding of e-waste stream facilitates sorting and separation of plastics
from metals and internal circuitry.
Therefore, e-waste items are shredded into pieces as small as 100 mm to prepare for
further sorting. A powerful overhead magnet separates iron and steel from the waste
stream on the conveyor.
The separated steel materials are then prepared for sale as recycled steel. Further
mechanical processing separates aluminium, copper and circuit boards from the material
stream which is mostly plastic. Visual inspection and hand sorting improve the quality of
extracted materials. The separated streams of aluminium, copper and circuit boards are
collected and prepared for sale as recycled commodity materials. The final step in the
segregation process locates and extracts any remaining metal remnants from the plastics
to further purify the stream. After the shredding, sorting and separation stages have been
executed, the separated materials are prepared for sale as usable raw materials for the
production of new electronics or other products.

Importance of benefits of e waste segregation

Conserve natural resources:
Protects environment:
Saves landfills:
Reduction in cost

How E-waste dismantling and segregation are important?

To separate the hazardous components like lead, cadmium, Polychlorinated biphenyl etc.
and high valuable components. Remaining parts are sent for to mechanical separation/
recycling.

Apart from removing hazardous components, manual dismantling of components gives

more or less pure materials and recyclable fractions are obtained with viable reasonable
effort.
Appliances are dismantled up to a point, at which further separation of pure materials is
not possible without mechanical shredding.

Selection of reusable appliances can be done from input stream.

Cleaning, safety and functional test can be done for reuse.
. Second hand products can be chosen for further sale.
Cleaner fractions obtained from dismantling lead to higher percentage of specific virgin
materials obtained from further processing.

Write down the 4 benefits of E-waste dismantling and recycling

Conserve natural resources: Dismantling and segregation of e-waste help in recovering
valuable materials from old electronics that can be used to make new products. It saves
energy, reduce pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save natural resources by
extracting fewer raw materials from the earth.
. Protects environment: Dismantling and segregation process are required for proper
handling and management of toxic chemical substances like Mercury, Lead and cadmium
contained in e-waste stream.
Saves landfills: These processes save unnecessary dumps and landfills
. Reduction in cost: Segregation of waste, i.e. sorting wastes into different categories,
leads to reduce quantities of hazardous waste. This greatly reduces the cost of safe
disposal of hazardous substances.

Assessment
Chapter-5

Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

What are the pathways for the release of pollutants from e-waste?
Heavy metals:
1. Dust generated during mechanical treatmentfor e.g. dismantling and crushing of WEEE.
2. Flue gas released during thermal treatment – for e.g. the release of metals from the
compounds during the incineration of plastic.
3. Vaporization- Metals are released from compounds in an acid bath. Dioxins and furans: 1.
Dioxinsandfuransare emittedduringthe thermal treatment of WEEE- for e.g.the
combustion of cable insulationcontainingPVCinordertorecycle copper wiring, The
incineration of epoxy resin containing flame retardant from circuit boards in
ordertorecyclethemetaltheycontain
Acids: 1. Released in the form of vapor when metals are released from compounds.

Acids may get distributed in the surrounding areas when factory air and dust are being
blown into the vicinity, leaching through waste water and seepage through the release of
flue gas into the atmosphere as a result of open incineration of furnace combustion. Unless
suitable safety measures are taken,

these toxic substances can critically affect the health of employees and others in the
vicinity- who manually sort and treat the waste-by entering their body:
• Through respiratory tracts
• Through the skin
• Through the mucous membrane of the mouth
• Through digestive tract The health impact of e-waste is found to be worse in developing
countries like India where people engaged in the recycling of e-waste are mostly in the
unorganized sector, living in close proximity to dumps or landfills of untreated e-waste and
working without any protection or safeguards. Workers in the unorganized sector are not
aware of the health hazards associated with them. The generation of huge quantity of e-
waste presents an enormous environmental and health hazards to any community
What are the risk areas in the e-waste management to the environment?

Following are the risk areas in the e-waste management to the environment:
Collection risk: release of hazardous substances during breakage, release of Mercury,
breakage of light sources, switches
Dismantling risk: Emission of Lead and Barium oxide from crushing of CRT glass, risk of
explosion because of vacuum in CRT.

Shredding risk: Emission to air Pyro-Metallurgical process risk: Fly ash has high amount of
metal and PCDD/PBDD

Hydro-metallurgical process risk: Irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract, kidney,
central nervous system, pollution of ground water and environment.

Land filling risk: Leachate and evaporation of hazardous substances. The consequences of
improper e-waste disposal in landfills or other non-dumping sites pose serious threats to
current public health and can pollute ecosystems for generations to come

Write all substances, which are banned with permissible limits as per the ROHS directives.
The following substances are banned as per the ROHS (restriction of hazardous
substances) directive of the European Union:
• Lead
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Hexavalent Chromium
• Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)
• Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)

List down the common pollutants in WEEE.

Arsenic
Barium
Brominated Flame proofing agent
Cadmium
Chrome
Cobalt
Copper
Lead
Liquid crystal
Lithium
Mercury
Nickel
PCB( Polychlorinated biphenyls)
Selenium
Silver
Zinc

What are the substances which are used to separate metals from circuit boards and what
are the impacts of these substances in human health?
circuit boards and other common computer parts contain a small amount of gold and other
precious metals. If you have the time and equipment, separating these metals from circuit
boards can become a very lucrative venture. The process of separating metals from these
boards involve the use of caustic chemicals, a detail that may make some people uneasy
about recycling circuit boards. In most cases, there are no problems as long as you wear
the proper safety equipment.
Instructions
1 Pour the jar of circuit board stripping powder into the one-gallon container. Dilute the
powder with enough water to create one gallon of solution.
2 Lower the circuit boards into the solution bath. Allow the boards to soak in the solution
for 6 to 8 hours.
3 Remove the circuit boards from the solution bath. Rinse the wrinkled gold flakes into
another container.
4 Recover the gold flakes by filtering the rinse water with a kitchen strainer. Dry the flakes,
and then melt and refine them as normal.
Assessment
Chapter-6
Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

According to CPCB implementation guidelines, what items come under the category of
Information technology and telecommunication equipment?

Centralized data processing

Mainframe
Minicomputer
Laptop
CPU
Fascimile
Smart phones

What are the main steps of manual dismantling of IT equipment?

Main dismantling steps:
1. Opening of the appliance (separation of the housing from the rest of the appliance)
2. Localization, identification and removal of hazardous components
3. Dismantling and separation of the remaining components into marketable fractions
Provide the following chart for proper dismantling of the laptop.

START

REMOVE THE BATTERY BY UNLOCKING AND PUSHING THE SLIDING

TOP

REMOVE HARD DISC, COMPACT DISC AND OPTICAL DRIVE

REMOVE THE SCREWS AND THE COVER

REMOVE ALL SCREWS TO SEPARATE THE DISPLAY

ASSEMBLY AND SEPARATE THE LCD

SEPARATE THE TOP COVER ASSEMBLY FROM THE BASE

 REMOVE SYSTEM BOARD, POWER BOARD, VIDEO BOARD BY
DISCONNECTING ALL THE

REMOVE THE MOTHERBOARD AND SEPARATE THE MATERIALS

ACCORDING TO THEIR TYPE

What are the main dismantled materials of a Personal Computer?

Battery
• Hard drive
• Keyboard
• Power Cables
• Connecting cables
• System Case
• RAM
• CPU
• Motherboard
• Printed Circuit Board
• Plastic • Metals
What are the tools used in dismantling a laptop?
Set of Mini bit Screw Driver
Set of cross head screw divider
Precision screw driver
Pliers
Industrial scissors
Drill
Set of 8 ring
Socket Wrench set
Hammer
Allen key
Work bench
Dismantling table
Hand brush
Pipe wrench
Cutter with extra blades
Assessment
Chapter-7

Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

Write down the steps for an e-waste recycling business plan.

Steps for e-waste dismantling business plan

1. Get the licenses and permits
2. Waste recycling process
3. E-waste business set up
4. E-waste recycling safety measures
5. E –waste types of equipment

What are the Environment Management Systems for setting up e- waste dismantling
facilities?
In order to minimize adverse impact on the 141 environment due to various activities
involved in electronic waste management. The various mitigation measures to be adopted
during collection and dismantling of waste are as follows
Environment permits and reporting to SPCB
Pollution prevention and resource reduction plan
Required Clearances • Obtained an authorization in form-4 of Ewaste-Rule 2016 •
Recycling facilities are in place in accordance with the standards or guidelines published by
the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time • Records are maintained in Form 2
of E-wasteRule 2016 • Ensured that residues generated thereof is disposed of in the
treatment and storage disposal facilities
How can dismantlers link their business with the integration of EPR?

The dismantler/recycler would choose some of the various manufacturers of electronic

equipment. The contact via electronic mail, post mail and telephonic conversation would
be established. Subsequently, the dismantler/recycler would meet the manufacturer to
have a detailed discussion on the EPR. The recycler would have to know thoroughly about
the policies and strategies of the manufacturing company. After that, the recycler would
explain about his work with the help of power point presentation or any other tool. Thus,
manufacturer would agree to provide the e-waste to dimantler/recycler,
dismantler/recycler would get less quantity of ewaste from the manufacturer but this
quantum of e-waste procurement would gradually increase

Procurement strategy • The procurement would be done through bidding procedure. •

Long term supply contracts will be work out. • Meet the registration and other
requirements of individual companies. • Contractual mechanism would be done • Al l the
compliance under e -was t e management rules, 2016 would be followed

Marketing strategy • Linkages with the end-user industrial segments and large scrap
dealer • Scale up the production in a phase manner • Linkage with bulk and individual
consumers • Linkage with government schemes and participation in awareness
programmes • Linkage with PRO for proper channelization of e-waste
What is the basic infrastructure required for the dismantling process in a facility?

Dismantling operation is essentially manual operation for segregating various

components/ parts and sending them to respective users/ recyclers.

The other parts can be sent to authorised e-waste recyclers depending upon the nature of
the part.

For example, steel or aluminium part which contains no hazardous constituents can be sent
to respective recyclers. Other parts which may contain hazardous constituents have to be
sent to authorised e-waste recyclers or facility would be competent for hazard potential,
hazard identification, hazard isolation, handling and storage of hazardous materials,
disposal mechanism for the hazardous materials. Ex: Hg, Pb, Cd, Hex Cr, BFR Plastics,
Phosphors.

Facility will have tools and equipment used for dismantling of e-waste.

Conversion of Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment into raw materials like metals,
plastics and glass. Additional accessories:

dismantling table with space de-dusting hoods,

Efficient Dust Extraction System connected with bag dust collectors venting out through a
chimney Mechanized dismantle- crusher (attached with bag dust collectors)

Power tools or battery operated hand tools, trimming knife, a pair of scissors, a hammer,
chisel, cable cutters and pliers and a basic tool-set for basic dismantling and pre-processing
Storage for dismantled, segregated materials with labeling. Ex: Metals, Plastic, Glass
Facilities for disposal of bag filter residue and floor cleaning dust in secure manner for
hazardous waste disposal Industrial type weighing scale (With Legal Metrology
Certificates) to be able to weigh e-waste delivered and removal from site. Hessian Big Bags
or other storage type containers will be required to store sorted e-waste. Hazardous waste
shall be stored in secure manner with necessary containments. For material movements
hand trolley, pallet rolls, etc. shall be used. Leak proof containers where fluorescent tubes
etc. can be safely stored so that glass is not broken while selling or disposing of such
materials. Appropriate containers for storage of batteries, capacitors containing PCBs
(polychlorinated biphenyls) or PCTs (Polychlorinated tri phenyls
Write down the required clearances for setting up an e-waste dismantling facility.

Required Clearances
Obtained an authorization in form-4 of E waste-Rule 2016
Recycling facilities are in place in accordance with the standards or guidelines published by
the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time
Records are maintained in Form 2 of E-wasteRule 2016
Ensured that residues generated thereof is disposed of in the treatment and storage
disposal facilities
File annual returns in Form-3, to the concerned State Pollution Control Board as the case
may 142 be, on or before 30th day of June following the financial year to which that return
relates
Record of number of e-waste processed for recycling.
Record of precious metals and materials recovered for selling to the market
. • Record of end-product disposable to be sent to safe land-filled.
Assessment
Chapter-8

Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

In any dismantling/ recycling facility, what are the safety precautions for fire, air and
water?
The operator shall ensure that the treatment facility where the e-waste is treated shall
have the following properties:
− impervious floor,
− appropriate fire precautions.

Example: Weatherproof cover as a roof and surrounding walls must be available to prevent
ewaste from being exposed to sunlight and rainfall.

Also important is a concrete floor that can be properly cleaned and that is protected
against the entry of floodwater in the event of heavy rainfalls.

Describe any 4 important safety signages for dismantling/ recycling facilities.

Durable marking tapes

Photoluniscent area marking
Message sign
Warning panel sign
Reflective strips and solid color tapes
Door handle background
Warning post and chain
Caution sign
Polyurethane safety bumpers
Economy floor stand

In case of an emergency in a facility, what are the important items that should be there in
the medical kit?

Following items should be there in the medical kit available to the facility.
1. Adhesive bandages
2. Adhesive tape
3. Antibiotic application
4. Antiseptic
5. Breathing barrier 157
6. Burn Dressing (gel soaked)
7. Burn treatment
8 Cold pack
9. Eye covering
10. Eye /skin wash
11. First Aid Guide
12. Hand sanitizer
13. Medical examination gloves
14. Roller Bandage (2 inch)
15. Roller bandage (4 inch)
16. Scissors
17. Splint
18. Sterile pads
19. Tourniquet
20. Trauma pads
21. Triangular bandages Kits should be arranged in uniform, color-coded boxes to ease
organization: • Blue for antiseptics • Yellow for bandages, • Red for burn treatment, •
Orange for personal protective equipment

What are the protection mechanisms for development of safeguard in a facility?

Following are the protection mechanisms for development of safeguards:

1. Prevent risks by early reporting
2. Create and follow checklists to never miss important stuff again
3. Embed safety culture into everyone who is part of your company
4. Make wearing safety gear compulsory
5. Make sure the equipment, tools, and machines are used properly
6. Communicate often with your employees
7. Promote the culture of frequent breaks
8. Keep the workspace clean and organized
9. Prevent slips, spills and falls
10. Promote safe work techniques and workplace ergonomics

Provide the workplace checklist in regard to the safety of e-waste workers.

Materials Work stations Safe use of Physical welfare facilities Work

storage machinery
environment organization
and Handling and electricity
Adjust
Provide
Add more Provide an workplaces to
workers with Attach proper
daylight adequate meet the needs
chairs and guards to
Clear and mark and keep supply of safe of
tables of dangerous
transport ways windows drinking pregnant women
correct height moving parts
and skylights water in all and
with sturdy of machines
clean workplaces workers with
backrest
disabilities

Adjust working Ensure safe Use local task Provide clean

height for wiring lights toilets
Use push carts Have frequent
each worker at connections to ensure and washing
and handtrucks short
elbow level for sufficient facilities
when moving breaks during
or slightly supplying brightness with soap close to
materials work
lower than electricity to necessary for the
elbow level equipment work work area

Isolate the Encourage e-

Provide multi- Put frequently sources waste
Provide a separate
level shelves used tools of dust, workers to
hygienic place for
near the work and materials hazardous exchange
  eating meals and
area for within easy chemicals, noise ideas for
a
materials and reach of or improving
resting facility
products workers heat from the safety and health
workplace together
Provide first-aid
Increase natural
equipment and
Provide a ventilation by
train
conveniently having
    adequate number  
placed home more openings,
of
for each tool windows or open
qualified first-
doorways
aider
Provide adequate
clothes and
personal
protective
         
equipment
such as glasses,
masks, shoes and
gloves

Provide at least
two
      unobstructed    
exits
from rooms and
 enough fire
extinguisher

Assessment
Chapter-9

Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

What is the correct procedure for handling and storage of e-waste?

E-waste has to be handled and stored in a safemanner throughout the whole process. E-
waste should be sorted according to categories and in appropriate storage boxes, e.g.
lattice boxes. Further it is important to keep in mind that the
stored quantities do not exceed the storage capacity of the treatment facility. The storage
areashall have an effective and efficient impermeable surface to prevent ground water and
soil contamination and further e-waste should not be
stored at the vagaries of the weather. During handling of e-waste following health and
safety measures have to be applied.After the dismantling process, the fractions should
be stored according to their characteristics .Especially for hazardous fractions specific
storage requirements have to be applied.

What are the specific caution during transportation of batteries?

Avoid long time storing. Batteries are subject to
corrosion and cell rupture, which could release
reactive hazardous substances (heavy metal
oxide, organic solvent, sulphuric acid).
• Lithium-ion batteries can easily rupture, ignite
or explode when exposed to high temperature,
or in direct sunlight.
 Avoid fire risk and contact with heat sources. All batteries must be stored in acid-
resistant barrels..They should be stored in a dry and sheltered place.
 Battery should be treated in an adequate plantfor recovery or disposal. In any case,
they should not be incinerated in an open fire or with
  municipal waste.
 The transport of Li-ion batteries needs to follow the international regulations of
transport of hazardous waste and dangerous goods.Special transport boxes and
labeling is required for the transport of Li-ion batteries. A detailed packaging list
including number and type of packaging units, gross weight, net weight, type of
material, lot reference, contract references. needs to be prepared and often required
by the purchaser. When shipping Li-ion batteries abroad the requirements under the
Basel Convention need to be fulfilled.
 Lithium-ion batteries can easily rupture, ignite or explode when exposed to high
temperature, or direct sunlight. Therefore Li-ion batteries should be stored at
temperatures ranging from-20◦C to 25◦C.
 For safe storage use a designated storage box. The box should be filled with inherent
flame-resistant material.The box should not be air-proof. There should
 be a lid which is compensative to pressure due
Provide the procedure for handling and storage of printer cartridges.
 Tonner and ink cartridges must be manually separated from the rest of the printer,
 otherwise hazardous substances contained in the tonner material would be released
during possible further mechanical treatment and seriously pollute recycling material.
 Toner cartridges should be collected and stored in a way that prevents the release of
any toner material.
 As far as possible toner cartridges should be refilled and reused.
 All other toner cartridges should be disposed as hazardous waste.
What are the steps of reuse and refurbishment of EEE?
1.Selection of reusable appliances from the input stream
2. Adequate cleaning for selected reusable appliances
3. Performing safety test of each appliance – Battery leakage, short circuit, heating etc.
4. Performing functionality test of each component - by measuring the voltage and
current across each component, checking continuity of the circuit.
5. Repairing or replacement of the nonfunctional parts – by identifying the nonfunctional
component module with its specification and replacing the same from the market.
6. Sale of secondhand products
How should IT applications be used in managing data?
Mass balance system is a tool or an effective system which can be used to track material
flow through each and every stakeholder so that leakage of various parts of e-waste at each
and every step can be stopped. For an effective mass-balance system the
following steps needs to be introduced in the e-waste management:
o Manufacturers should disclose material content in their electronic product to
the
 Regulator
 Regulator should prepare an online platform to track the material balance system
during
  transfer of materials to the various stake holders (bulk consumer, PRO, dismantler,
 recycler etc.)
 This will ensure proper recycling of entire material chain within e-waste such as
plastic, ferrous- nonferrous metals, precious metals,batteries, magnets, rare earth
elements etc.
 Without effective mass balancing system there is a chance of leaking above resource
materials to informal channel due to obvious economic reasons, which would in turn
pollute the environment.

Assessment
Chapter-10

Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

What tools and infrastructure are required for an e-waste dismantling facility?
Infrastructure:

1. Warehouse

2. Testing centre for segregation of refurbished and dismantled items

3. Dismantling area

4. Area to keep hazardous substances Tools:

The inventory of the tools must be in numbers

1. Personal protective equipments:

• Robust gloves

• Protective goggles

• Dust masks

Protective Shoes
 Apron

Set of screwdrivers

Hammers

. Pliers

What are the main steps of manual dismantling?

Opening of the appliance (separation of the housing from the rest of the appliance)

2. Localization, identification and removal of hazardous components

3. Dismantling and separation of the remaining components into marketable fractions.

What are the segregated materials of a personal computer?

Plastic

• Ferrous metal (iron/steel)

• Hard disc drive

• CD ROM drive

• Power supply

• Printed circuit board

• Cables

Write steps may be taken for the preparation for the channelisation of reuse and
repairable products.
1.Selection of reusable appliances from input stream.

2. The selected appliances for reuse have to undergo adequate cleaning.

3. A thorough safety test has to be performed to check all the components like power source/
battery, other hazardous parts are in proper working condition or not. If there is any component
found not in order it has to be replaced.

4. Next a functionality test has to be performed for each component. The continuity of the circuit
should be checked using a multimeter.

5. When an appliance passes through all the above tests, it can be sending for sale as a secondhand
product.
Describe the inventorisation mechanism for e-waste dismantling facilities.
A record/inventory of all e-waste material coming to the facility should be done before keeping them
in the warehouse. The record should be done date wise for different products.

For ex: how many computers have come to the facility for dismantling at a particular date and their
manufacturer's name. Similarly for other 21 listed products record should be kept.

. Different types of products should be kept in different places at different parts of the warehouse. A
separate place should be allotted to each of the 21 products and indicate it with a sign board.

3. Hazardous materials should be kept with proper tagging in a separate place. For ex. Compact
Flurorent CFLs should be kept in a separate place in a closed container. Care should be taken to avoid
the breakage of glass part of the CFL. In case it breaks, the Mercury vapour should not leak into the
environment.

4. A designated testing center should be made in the facility to test for the refurbished material. A
record should be maintained after testing which material has gone for refurbishing and which has
gone for dismantling.

5. After dismantling of the product, record should be kept of the different components obtained and
the components should be stored separately. For ex. All plastic materials should be collected at a
separate place completely free from metal parts. Printed circuit boards should be kept separate
according to their grades (low, medium, high grade boards). Battery should be kept separate
according to their types. 6. A separate record/inventory should be kept for the materials going out of
the facility for refurbishment, to different recyclers for further recycling.
Assessment
Chapter-11

Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

What are the schemes under the Government of India, you can leverage while setting up
the dismantling facility?
MSME
Swachhh Bharat Mission
Skill india Mission

Write down the funding pattern of cluster development programmes.

The funding pattern will be based on the following admissible components:

Common facility centre

• Infrastructure development
• Marketing Hubs/ Exhibition centers by Associations

• Thematic Interventions

Training Programmes,

Exposure visits,

Strengthening the Business Development Service provision through a panel of service providers and
any other activity related to creating business ecosystem in cluster mode.

Support to state innovative cluster development programme

Under the Skill India Mission, what initiatives are taken up by the Govt. of India?
Schemes & Initiatives through National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)

Schemes and Initiatives through The Directorate General of Training (DGT):

Describe the procedure to link with the State Government scheme.

The same procedure is to be followed for availing State government schemes:

1.Preparing DPR

2. Applying through online portal of the organization offering the scheme

3. Submitting the required document

4. Giving presentation in front of the committee for approval of the scheme justifying the need and
importance of the startup and requirement of the finance.

At present, no specific schemes are available in state government for entrepreneurs and start ups.

However, the initiatives of the Telangana Government such as T-Hub, T-work etc. and also in Kerala
Government Maker's village provide requisite supports to the start-up companies for housing their
operation, logistics assistance etc. in affordable compensation.

How do you promote your dismantling facility through the Government platform?
India is home to one of the most vibrant startup ecosystems with close to 8000 tech startups,
making it the 2nd largest startup ecosystem in the world. Hence, innovation and entrepreneurship
are the emerging focus area that is being aggressively promoted to give fillip to the Indian economy.
Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India is leading and
facilitating a gamut of Innovation and IPR related activities across the country towards expansion of
this ecosystem. In order to facilitate MeitY's vision of promoting technology innovation, start-ups
and creation of Intellectual Properties, a nodal entity called 'MeitY Start-up Hub' (MSH) has been
setup under its aegis. MSH will act as a national coordination, facilitation and monitoring centre that
will integrate all the incubation centers, start-ups and innovation related activities of MeitY. Angel
Investors/VCs MeitY Start-up Hub (MSH) offers a veritable platform to help connect Angel
Investors/VCs with budding entrepreneurs and help startups expand. MSH's platform is
fortechnology startups that are typically in nascent phase and by facilitating investors to invest in
these startups will allow them to develop and create thriving ecosystem in th eprocess.

Assessment
Chapter-12

Section 3:

Answer the following questions:

1) What do you mean by linear economy and Circular Economy?

 Linear economy means you take something from the ground, produce an item, use it,

and throw it away.

Circular economy means producing and recycling; renewable energy, and diversity

Circular systems employ reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing, and

recycling to create a closed-loop system

2) What are the three principles of circular economy?

Elimination of waste and pollution,

Circulation of products

Regeneration of nature

3) What are the benefits of a circular economy?

Recycling of used products can be beneficial from both the perspective that is

sustainability and climate change. Positive impact on climate change, enhancement of

sustainability and resource efficiency can be achieved by using secondary materials

generated after recycling of end-of-life products)

. • Regeneration of valuable materials E-waste consists of lot of valuable materials that

can be extracted and reused in order to 202 create new devices and gadgets. This can

help in reducing the mining of virgin minerals and the amount of energy that would be

used for making new products in comparison to recycling the products. • Sustainable

environment

There are many outdated and harsh methods of decomposing e-waste that are harmful

for environment.

By replacing these with advance and proper methods of recycling, that can significantly

be conserved and regenerated the amount of biodiversity on our planet. • Reduce the

health risks Electronic items consist of many hazardous Policies in Circular Economy
 Immediate benefits •Reduced material bills and warranty risks •Ability to sell or lease

used of secondhand products •New markets and value propositions

•Increased customer interaction and loyalty Medium term benefits

•Innovative product design, providing added value to the customer

•Strengthen brand and reputation

•Enhance sustainability impacts Long term benefits

•Address strategic risks of megatrends

•Hedge against volatile commodity prices

•Enhance operational efficiency What is urban mining?

4) Explain the role of stakeholders in a circular economy?

Generation of e-waste is expediting significantly and will negatively affect both

environment and biodiversity if not managed scientifically.

EEE sector has required resource efficiency because manufacturing of electronic items

require complex and rare earth materials.

Circular economy will ensure the availability of secondary raw materials at a far lower

cost and on a continuous basis.

However, it is important to create market place so that resource security issue can be

addressed and where stakeholders can maximize benefits both economically and

ecologically.

Therefore, it is also imperative to specify all the standards related to product, material

use, recycling, disposal, collection and handling of end-of-life. Circular economy provides

business opportunities to companies in the long term. Stakeholders act as the drivers of
the circular economy and involvement of relevant stakeholders will affect 1. changing

consumer needs 2. resource shortage 3. technological breakthroughs