1.

blood was taken from 3 young men and given to the stricken Pope innocent VII I the hope for
curing him, unfortunately all four died
2. attempts to find a nontoxic anticoagulant began, when Braxton Hicks recommended sodium
phosphate.
3. Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO blood group and explained the serious reactions occur in
human as a result of incompatible transfusion. His work in the early 20 th century won a Nobel
prize1
4. The first to succeed in carrying a vein-to -vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes
and special cannula for puncturing the vein through skin.
5. Designed the syringe-valve apparatus that transfusions from donor to patient by unassisted
physician became practical
6. Hustin reported the use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant solution for transfusion.
7. Lewisohn determined the minimum amount of citrate needed for anticoagulation and
demonstrated its nontoxicity in small amounts
8. Rous and Turner introduced a citrate-dextrose solution for preservation of blood
9. Dr. Charles Drew pioneered on developing tech. in blood transfusion, and blood preservation
led to the establishment of widespread system of blood banks
10. Dr. Drew was appointed director of the first American Red Cross Blood Bank at Presbyterian
Hospital

11. Loutit and Mollison of England introduced the formula for the preservative Acetate-Citrate-
Dextrose(ACD)
12. Journal of Clinical Investigation was issued, many hospital responded and blood bank was
established in many major cities of the US, subsequently, transfusion became a common place.
13. It was established that purified hemoglobin could restore blood volume and deliver oxygen
14. Platelet transfusions were given freshly drawn from whole blood or platelet-rich plasma
15. Gibson introduced an improved preservative solution called Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose
(CPD) which was less acidic and eventually replace ACD as the standard preservative for blood
storage.
16. Platelet have been prepared from whole blood from concentrates in which he volume per
unit is near 50 mL in contrast to the 250-300 mL volume of platelet-rich plasma units.
-----------------------------
17. Platelet Additive Solution (PASs) were first developed -----------------------------
18. FDA extended platelet storage from 5 to 7 days at 20⁰C to 24⁰C
19. PASs have been used in Europe -----------------------------
20. The use of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tech.(NAT) licensed by the FDA is one of the reason
for the increased safety of blood transfusion.
21. FDA approved a study “ Post Approval Surveillance Study of Platelet Outcomes, Released
Tested” (PASSPORT) to collect data on the safety of apheresis platelets tested with FDA-
approved bacterial detection test and stored for 7 days.
22. The National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey found that only 175 of platelets doses
in U.S. were whole blood derived (WBD).
23. The Defense Advance research Projects Agency( DARPA) awarded a bioengineering
company named Arteriocyte contact to develop a system for producing O-negative RBCs on the
battlefield.

24. An individual who donated blood (and plasma or cellular components) out of its/her own free
will and accepts no payment for it
25. A person who gives a replacement unit of blood only when a family member or friend
requires transfusion
26. A person who donates blood in exchange for money or other forms of favours.
27. A patient who donates his/her blood to be stored and re-infused, if needed, during surgery
28. This is a donor who donated just one of their blood components through the process of cell
separation.

CFU's

1. Nucleic acid Amplification Technique is used to test blood donor for which of the following
infectious diseases?
a. HIV c. Hepatitis C
b. West Nile virus d. All of the choices
2. What is the maximum volume of blood that can be collected from a 110 lb. donor, including
samples for processing?
a. 450 mL c. 500 mL
b. 525 mL d. 550 mL

3. How often can a blood donor donate whole blood?

a. Once a month c. Twice a year
b. Every 24 hours d. Every 8 weeks
4. The first to succeed in carrying a vein-to -vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes
and special cannula for puncturing the vein through skin.
a. Edward E. Lindemann c. Karl Lanstiener
b. Mollison and Loutit d. Edward Jenner

Chapter 1 Review Questions of Denise M Harmening