Math 5

LAS 34: Percentage, Rate or Percent, and Base

Percentage is the product of the base and rate. It is the number that represents a part of a whole. In
symbols, P = B × R, where: P = Percentage B = Base R =Rate

Rate is the number being compared to 100. It is a part of a whole per 100 parts and is the number
with the % sign. The formula in finding rate is: R=� ×100% 𝑩

Base is the number that represents the whole. It is the number always after the word “ of “. The
formula for base to be used in solving any problem is: B=� /𝑹

LAS 35: Identifying the Base, Percentage and Rate in a Problem

Here are some hints in determining percentage, base and rate. Percentage is usually followed or
preceded by the linking verb "is". Base is normally beside the preposition "of". And rate is either in
percent, fraction and decimal form.

Examples:
Identify the percentage, base and rate of the following:
1. 30% of 90 is 27.
Percentage: 27 (preceded by "is")
Base: 90 (preceded by "of")
Rate: 30% (percent form)
2. 1/5 of 20 is 4.
Percentage: 4 (preceded by "is")
Base: 20 (preceded by "of")
Rate: 1/5 (fraction form)

LAS 37: Polygons

Polygon- In geometry, a polygon is a plane figure that is described by a finite number of

straight-line segments connected to form a closed polygonal chain or polygonal circuit.

There are types of polygons and these are the following:

1. Pentagon- is a five-sided polygons.
2. Hexagon- is a six-sided polygons.
3. Heptagon- is a seven-sided polygon.
4. Octagon -is a eight-sided polygons.
5. Nonagon- is a nine-sided polygon.
6. Decagon-is a ten-sided polygons.
7. Undecagon- is a eleven-sided polygon.
8. Dodecagon- is a twelve-sided polygons.
LAS 38: Regular and Irregular Polygons

Regular Polygon - It is a polygon that is both equilateral and equiangular. Equilateral means all
sides have equal measures. Equiangular means all angles have equal measures.

Irregular Polygon - It is a polygon that has sides with different measures and has angles with
different measures.

LAS 39: Congruent Polygons

Congruent Figures - These are pairs of figures which have exactly the same size and shape. These
figures have equal measures for all the sides and angles.

Congruent Polygons - Two polygons are congruent if their corresponding sides and angles are
congruent. They have the same size and shape as a polygon. To check if two
polygons are congruent, you may flip, rotate, or slide a polygon to see if it fits exactly on top of the
other polygon.

LAS 40: Terms Related to Circle

Center – a fixed point in the center of a circle.

Radius – a line segment from the center of the circle to any point on the circle.
The plural of radius is radii.
Chord – a line segment whose endpoints are on the circle.
Diameter – a chord that passes through the center of the circle. The measurement of this line
segment is twice the measurement of the radius.
Secant – a line that passes through two points on the circle.
Tangent Line – a line that intersect the circle at exactly one point.
Point of Tangency – intersection point of the circle and the tangent line.
Arc – part of a circle between two points on circle.
Circumference of a circle – the distance around the edge of the circle. Formula: 2(pi) (r)
Area of a circle – the amount of a space occupied by the circle. Formula: (pi)(r2 )

LAS 41: Solid Figures

Solid Figures -These are figures with three dimensions. They have length, width, and height.

1. Cube - A solid figure with six square faces.

2. Prism - A solid figure whose bases are congruent plane figures and whose lateral faces are
parallelograms or rectangles.
3. Pyramid - A solid figure whose base is a polygon and whose lateral faces are triangles.
4. Cone- A solid figure with one circular base.
5. Cylinder - A solid figure with two circular bases.
6. Sphere - A solid figure shaped like a ball.