Introduction to the Field of

Engineering

















• Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and
mathematics, and their extensions into materials science, solid and
fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, transfer and rate processes, and
systems analysis.
 Materials science
=> It is the design and discovery of new materials, particularly
solids.
 Solid mechanics
Þ A scientifc field that studies the behaviour of solid materials,
especially their motion and deformation under the action
of forces, temperature changes, phase changes, and other
external or internal agents.
 Fluid mechanics
=> is the study of fluid behaviour (liquids, gases, blood, and
plasmas) at rest and in motion.
• Engineering is used to describe the creative application of scientific
principles to design, develop, construct and forecast the behavior of
structures, apparatus, machines, manufacturing processes of work.

• Some General Branches of Engineering :

Chemical engineering: is all about changing raw materials into useful

products such as clothes, food and drink, and energy.
Civil engineering it deals with construction environment including
planning, designing, and maintaining building structures, and facilities,
such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbours, channels.
Mechanical engineering: It is the study of motion, energy and force.
Electrical engineering: the study of electronics, electromagnetism, and
the application of electricity.
Electronic/ electronics engineering: The design, development, creation
of everyday devices such as mobile phones, portable music devices and
computers.
Mining engineering: the engineering discipline of extraction of minerals
from underneath the ground, above the ground or on it
Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil
engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation,
and maintenance of roads, bridges and tunnels to ensure safe and
effective transportation of people and goods.
Hydraulic engineering: is the Science of water in motion and its
interactions with the surrounding environment.
Petroleum is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related
to the production of hydrocarbons,
Industrial engineering: deals with the design, improvement, and
installation of integrated systems (as of people, materials, and energy) in
industry
• Branches of engineering in the National School of Applied
Sciences of Fez

Ø Mechanical Engineering :
It is the study of motion, energy and force. The mechanical engineer
seeks to control these elements by using a combination of material,
human and economic resources to develop mechanical solutions that help
satisfy the needs and wants of society.
Ø Automotive Engineering:
Automotive engineers research, design and develop vehicles and their
subsystems.
They are concerned with the development of passenger cars, trucks,
buses, motorcycles or off-road vehicles. They do one or more of the
following:
 o Design new products or modify existing ones
o Troubleshoot and solve engineering problems
o Plan and design manufacturing processes
Ø Industrial Engineer
Industrial engineers are concerned with reducing production costs,
increasing efficiency, improving the quality of products and services,
ensuring worker health and safety, protecting the environment and
complying with government regulations.
Efficiency: organization, regulation, order
Comply with: act in accordance with a wish or command, meet specified
standards.
Ø Computer Science Engineer (CSCE)
Deals with information processing (unlike matter or energy)
According to a definition provided by Edinburgh University, Computer
science Engineering or Engineering Informatics “is the study of the
structure, behaviour, and interactions of natural and artificial
computational systems that store, process and communicate
information.”
Computer science engineers/ Informatic engineers deal
with computer-aided design, machine learning, mobile
robotics, networking, etc.
Compared to technical informatics, engineering informatics focuses
more on software.
Technical informatics is equivalent to computer engineering, which
includes, among others, computer architecture and
organisation, firmware design, embedded systems and physical
computing.

Ø Embedded systems engineering

It is the process of controlling various devices and machines that are
different from traditional computers, using software engineer.
Integrating software engineering with non-computer devices leads to
the formation of embedded systems.
Embedded systems are typically popular in medical science, consumer
electronics, manufacturing science, aviation, automotive technology.
A typical embedded system requires a wide range of programming tools,
microprocessors and operating systems.
An Embedded Engineer deals with software programmers related to
Controllers and embedded systems but on the other hand, software
engineers deals with software programmers related to IT industries.
Ø Telecommunications and Network Engineering
Telecommunications engineering specialists design voice, video, and
data communications systems to keep users connected.
They install equipment incorporating copper or fiber optic cabling,
complex networks, and switching systems, to transmit phone, cable, and
broadband data.
The term broadband refers to high-speed and high-bandwidth
communication infrastructure.
Types of broadband digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, fiber,
wireless, satellite, and broadband over power lines (BPL).
Ø Energy Engineering and Intelligent systems
• Energy engineering is one of the more recent engineering disciplines
to emerge. Energy engineering combines knowledge from the fields
of physics, maths, and chemistry with economic and environmental
engineering practices.
• Energy engineers apply their skills to increase efficiency and further
develop renewable sources of energy.
• The main job of energy engineers is to find the most efficient and
sustainable ways to operate buildings and manufacturing
processes.
• Energy engineers audit the use of energy in those processes and
suggest ways to improve the systems. This means suggesting
advanced lighting, better insulation, more efficient heating and
cooling properties of buildings