Chemistry (313)

Class 12th
Solved TMA
Session
2022 - 23
Where every problem
is solved of NIOS.

The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), formerly National Open School (name changed
in 2002), is the board of education under the Union Government of India. It was established by
the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government of India in 1989. nios official
website https://www.nios.ac.in/

Mr. Manish Verma (M.A, B.Ed., NIOS Teacher & State Cordinator) Our aim is to reach the
unreached. I'm an educator of NIOS students and trying to guide through my YouTube
channel more than 8 years ago.

Our aim is to reach the unreached. I'm an educator of nios students and trying to guide
through my youtube channel more than 8 years ago. Nios Helps you Dream, Achieve &
Succeed. Joined us millions of students. we would like to appreciate nios board to provide
an opportunities to get pass class 10th and 12th.

We provide NIOS Notes, Important Question with Answer for the final exams, Solved
Assignments. And Online Classes. Subscribe to our YouTube channel.

©THE COPYRIGHT ACT 1957.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, including Photocopying, recording, or other electronic or
mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case
of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses
permitted by copyright law.

+91- 8368259468
tma@manishvermaofficial.com
New Delhi
manishvermaofficial.com

MANISH VERMA
BEST
AWARD
 NOTE
NIOS द्वारा TMA में कु ल छः प्रश्न दिए जाते हैं | सभी प्रश्नों में 2 ऑप्शन होते हैं, जिनमें से
कोई एक ऑप्शन करना होता है | इस PDF में हमने आपको दोनों में से जो बेहतर है, उसी
एक ऑप्शन का उत्तर दिया है जिससे की आपके Marks अच्छे आए |

अब आपको क्या करना है ?

आपको A4 Size Sheet पर प्रश्न - उत्तर लिखना हैं जैसे अगले Page में इस PDF में
दिया गया हैं बिलकु ल इसी तरह ही लिखना हैं |

सबमिट कै से करना हैं ?

लिख लेने के बाद PAGE को Scan करके PDF बनाकर NIOS के Portal पर अपलोड
करना हैं |

Total six questions are given by Nios in TMA. All questions have 2 options out
of which one has to be selected. In this PDF, we have given you the answer of
one option which is better so that your marks will be good.

What do you have to do now?

You have to write the question and answer on the A4 size sheet as given in
this PDF in the next page.

How to submit?

After writing, the page has to be scanned and made a PDF and uploaded on
the portal of NIOS.
Session 2022-23 Chemistry (313) 1

Chemistry
(313)
Tutor Marked Assignment

Q1. (a) The element in question is present in the third period of the p-block. It

has 5 electrons in its outermost shell. Predict its group. How many unpaired
electrons does it have. State the number of unpaired electrons.

Ans - It belongs to the 15th group (P). It has 3 unpaired electrons.

Configuration = 1s22s22p63s23p3

Number of unpaired electrons an electron that occupies an orbital of an atom singly,

rather than as part of an electron pair. Each atomic orbital of an atom (specified by

the three quantum numbers n, l and m) has a capacity to contain two electrons
(electron pair) with opposite spins.

To find the atomic number of the element then write the configuration in the ground

state, then according to the oxidation state subtract the number of electrons from
the outer shell.

Q2. (a) Arrange the following lattices in the order of highest packing efficiency.

 Simple cubic
 Body-centered cubic and
 Hexagonal close-packed

Ans - Hexagonal close-packed lattice has the highest packing efficiency of 74%. The

packing efficiencies of simple cubic and body-centred cubic lattices are 52.4% and
68% respectively.

Arrangement of lattices in the order of highest to lowest packing efficiency.

(iii) > (ii) > (i)

All Rights Reserved © Manish Verma, For Nios Notes, Practical, TMA, Classes Ph. 8368259468
Session 2022-23 Chemistry (313) 2

Q3. (b) Pure liquids and solids can be ignored while writing the value of
equilibrium constant, Explain.

Ans - For a pure substance (both solids and liquids)

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
[Pure substance] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠/𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
=
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
=
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑥 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
=
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

Now, the molecular mass and density (at a particular temperature) of a pure

substance is always fixed and is accounted for in the equilibrium constant. Therefore,
the values of pure substances are not mentioned in the equilibrium constant
expression.

Q4. (b) Carbon monoxide gas is more dangerous than carbon dioxide gas.
Explain the reason.

Ans - Carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) gases are emitted during the

combustion of various fuels. Carbon monoxide is poisonous, whereas carbon-dioxide

is non-toxic in nature.

Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it is capable of forming a complex with

hemoglobin (carboxyhemoglobin), which is more stable than the oxygen-

hemoglobin complex. The concentration range of 3-4% of carboxyhemoglobin

decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. This results in headaches, weak

eyesight, nervousness, and cardiovascular disorders. A more increased concentration

may even lead to death. Compare to Carbon monoxide, the Carbon dioxide is not

much poisonous than Carbon monoxide. It proves harmful only at very high
concentrations.

All Rights Reserved © Manish Verma, For Nios Notes, Practical, TMA, Classes Ph. 8368259468
Session 2022-23 Chemistry (313) 3

Q5. (b) Describe the underlying principle of each of the following metal
refining methods:

 Electrolytic refining of metals.

 Vapour phase refining of metals.

Ans -

(i) Electrolytic refining of metals: - Electrolytic refining is the method of using

electricity to refine impure metals. In this process, the anode is made of impure

metal, and the cathode is made of a strip of pure metal. A solution is made with a
soluble salt of the same substance as the electrolyte. When an electric current is

transmitted, metal ions from the electrolyte are deposited as a pure metal in the
cathode, and the impure metal from the anode dissolves in the form of ions into the

electrolyte. Below the anode, the impurities metals are collected. It is called mud
anode.

e.g. Electrolytic refining of copper is an example of electrolytic refining.

(ii) Vapour phase refining of metals: - It is a refining method used in metallurgy

in which impure metal is converted into its volatile compound and collected
elsewhere. It is then decomposed to give pure metal.

All Rights Reserved © Manish Verma, For Nios Notes, Practical, TMA, Classes Ph. 8368259468
Session 2022-23 Chemistry (313) 4

e.g.

1. Mond's process is used for Nickel (Ni).

The equation for Mond's process:

2. Van Arkel method, which is used for Zirconium (Zr).

The equation for Mond's process:

All Rights Reserved © Manish Verma, For Nios Notes, Practical, TMA, Classes Ph. 8368259468
Session 2022-23 Chemistry (313) 5

Q6. (a) The students from Class XII visited a nearby village as part of a group

excursion. Rural and urban environments differ significantly from one another.
In urban area, there is a lot of pollution. Peoples are suffering from cough,

typhoid, and dengue diseases but in rural area people are healthy. There are a
large number of trees in rural area therefore. Environment is clean.

1. Explain the main reasons of air pollution.

2. Identify primary and secondary pollutants.

3. Name two water borne diseases.

4. Illustrate the global warming.

5. It is advisable to switch off engine of vehicle at red light, explain with

reason.
6. Define photochemical smog.

Ans -

1. Air pollution is caused by solid and liquid particles and certain gases that are
suspended in the air. These particles and gases can come from car and truck exhaust,
factories, dust, pollen, mold spores, volcanoes and wildfires.

All Rights Reserved © Manish Verma, For Nios Notes, Practical, TMA, Classes Ph. 8368259468
Session 2022-23 Chemistry (313) 6

2. Primary air pollutants: Pollutants that are formed and emitted directly from

particular sources. Examples are particulates, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and
sulfur oxide.

Secondary air pollutants: Pollutants that are formed in the lower atmosphere by

chemical reactions. The two examples are ozone and secondary organic aerosol
(haze).

Secondary pollutants are harder to control because they have different ways of

synthesizing and the formation are not well understood. They form naturally in the
environment and cause problems like photochemical smog.

3. Two water borne diseases.

 Giardiasis (Giardia)

 Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium)
 Legionellosis (Legionella)

All Rights Reserved © Manish Verma, For Nios Notes, Practical, TMA, Classes Ph. 8368259468
Session 2022-23 Chemistry (313) 7

4. Global warming is a phenomenon where the earth's average temperature rises due

to increased amounts of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases such as carbon

dioxide, methane and ozone trap the incoming radiation from the sun.

Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth's surface observed since the pre-

industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil
fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's
atmosphere. This term is not interchangeable with the term "climate change."

5. We should switch off engines of vehicle while waiting at traffic light to conserve

fuel that is petrol which is an exhaustible resource. Simply to save fuel and prevent
pollution.

All Rights Reserved © Manish Verma, For Nios Notes, Practical, TMA, Classes Ph. 8368259468
Session 2022-23 Chemistry (313) 8

6. Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen

oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react to sunlight, creating a brown
haze above cities. It tends to occur more often in summer, because that is when we
have the most sunlight.

All Rights Reserved © Manish Verma, For Nios Notes, Practical, TMA, Classes Ph. 8368259468