Why Do We Fall Ill?

Health Disease Causes

l It means a state of Presence of discomfort
physical, mental or dearrangement in any
and social well- part of the body. Contributing or
Immediate/Real/ Third Level of
being and not On the Basis Primary/First Second Level of Cause
merely the absence On the Basis of Level of Cause Cause
of Duration Occurs due to
of disease. It includes other
Causative Agent Includes pathogens poverty or lack
l When the factors such as of public
i.e. virus, bacteria.
functioning of one poor health,
or more organs or genetic disorders,
systems of body is Acute Chronic Non-Infectious Infectious improper
adversely affected, Disease that Disease that Disease functioning of
we say we are not
Disease
lasts for short lasts for a Caused by attack body organs, etc.
healthy. Caused by
periods of long time, factors other of pathogens.
l Physical time. e.g. even a Can pass from
than living
environment, Cold, cough. lifetime. e.g. diseased person
pathogens.
social environment Do not cause Elephantiasis. to healthy
and individual major effect Cause major Cannot pass
person. e.g.
health go hand in on health. effects on from one person
Malaria, TB.
hand for being general to another. e.g.
healthy. health. Goitre, Diabetes.

Infectious Agents Means of Spread Manifestations Principles of Treatment Principles of Prevention

Organisms that can cause
disease. Air
Through little droplets
thrown out by patient
Viruses as cough, etc., e.g.
Live inside host. e.g. Tuberculosis (TB).
Severity of disease
manifestation is directly
l Reduce the effect of General Ways
dependent on number of the disease
l Preventing exposure
microbes in the body.
l By taking medicines. to pathogens.
e.g. Polluted air from
l By taking bed rest. Availability of proper
atmosphere enters the lungs l

cold, dengue, AIDS. through nose and causes and sufficient food.
Water
cough and breathlessness l Clean water should be
Excreta from
which leads to typhoid (if l Kill the cause of disease provided.
Bacteria someone with disease
pathogen enters the gut) and to l By the use of
e.g. Fever, TB, anthrax. gets mixed with
jaundice medicines or antibiotics
drinking water. e.g.
(if pathogen enters the liver). that kill microbes.
Cholera. Specific Ways
Immune System By immunisation and
Fungi Sexual Contact vaccination. In
e.g. Skin infections. Transmitted by sexual Inflammation
Antibiotics vaccination, an inactive
contact from one Recruiting cells to l Chemical substances form of pathogen is
partner to another. affect tissue to kill
produced mainly by introduced in the body
Protozoa e.g. AIDS. off disease causing
microorganisms at low which induces mild
e.g. Malaria, kala-azar. microbes. immune response.
Other Animals concentration.
Allergy They have the ability to Thus, producing
(Vectors) l
memory to recognize
Hypersensitivity disorder inhibit the growth of the
Worms Carry infecting agents subsequent encounters
of immune system microorganisms.
Mainly intestinal from sick person to infection by same
includes e.g. Penicillin,
Infections and diseases another host.
itchiness, red eyes, streptomycin, etc. pathogen.
like elephantiasis. e.g. mosquitoes
runny nose, etc.
(cause Malaria).