Nalatak na bato

Ang mga sedimentary na bato ay mga uri ng bato na nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng akumulasyon
o pag-deposito ng mga mineral o organikong particle sa ibabaw ng Earth , na sinusundan ng
sementasyon . Ang sedimentation ay ang kolektibong pangalan para sa mga proseso na
nagiging sanhi ng mga particle na ito upang manirahan sa lugar. Ang mga particle na bumubuo
ng sedimentary rock ay tinatawag na sediment , at maaaring binubuo ng geological detritus
(minerals) o biological detritus (organic matter). Ang geological detritus ay nagmula sa
weathering at erosionng mga umiiral na bato, o mula sa solidification ng mga nilusaw na lava
blobs na ibinuhos ng mga bulkan. Ang geological detritus ay dinadala sa lugar ng deposition sa
pamamagitan ng tubig, hangin, yelo o paggalaw ng masa , na tinatawag na mga ahente ng
denudation . Ang biological detritus ay nabuo ng mga katawan at bahagi (pangunahin ang mga
shell) ng mga patay na organismo sa tubig, pati na rin ang kanilang fecal mass, na nasuspinde sa
tubig at dahan-dahang nakatambak sa sahig ng mga anyong tubig ( marine snow ). Ang
sedimentation ay maaari ding mangyari habang ang mga natunaw na mineral ay namuo mula sa
solusyon ng tubig .
Middle Triassic marginal marine sequence of siltstones (reddish layers at the cliff base) and limestones (brown rocks
above), Virgin Formation, southwestern Utah, U.S.

The sedimentary rock cover of the continents of the Earth's crust is extensive (73% of the Earth's
current land surface[1]), but sedimentary rock is estimated to be only 8% of the volume of the
crust.[2] Sedimentary rocks are only a thin veneer over a crust consisting mainly of igneous and
metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers as strata, forming a structure
called bedding. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in large structures called sedimentary
basins. Sedimentary rocks have also been found on Mars.

The study of sedimentary rocks and rock strata provides information about the subsurface that
is useful for civil engineering, for example in the construction of roads, houses, tunnels, canals or
other structures. Sedimentary rocks are also important sources of natural resources including
coal, fossil fuels, drinking water and ores.

The study of the sequence of sedimentary rock strata is the main source for an understanding of
the Earth's history, including palaeogeography, paleoclimatology and the history of life. The
scientific discipline that studies the properties and origin of sedimentary rocks is called
sedimentology. Sedimentology is part of both geology and physical geography and overlaps
partly with other disciplines in the Earth sciences, such as pedology, geomorphology,
geochemistry and structural geology.

Classification based on origin

Classification based on composition

Deposition and transformation

Properties

Depositional environments

Sedimentary basins

Sedimentation rates

Stratigraphy

Provenance

See also

References

External links

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title=Sedimentary_rock&oldid=1113981105"

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