SOURCES OF ENERGY

(Fossil
(FossilFuels,
Fuels,Geothermal
Geothermalenergy,
energy,
and
andHydroelectric
HydroelectricEnergy)
Energy)

LESSON OBJECTIVES
Describe how fossil fuels are
formed explain, how heat from
inside the earth is trapped as a
source of energy (geothermal)
for human use and explain
how energy (hydroelectric) is
harnessed from flowing water.
FOSSIL FUELS
Fossil fuels are formed
when organic matter
that has buried deep
within the Earth are
subject to heat and
pressure over millions of
years.
COAL
Coal is a combustible black
or brownish-black
sedimentary rock usually
occurring in rock strata in
layers or veins called coal
beds or coal seams.

 COAL
Composed mostly of Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen and Nitrogen.
The major use of coal is generating electric
power.
Burning coal is one of the largest sources of
CO2, a greenhouse gas related to global
warming.
COALIFICATION
The formation of coal
from plant material.
Also known as
bituminization or
carbonification.
 PEAT
Brown, partially decayed plant
fragments.
Stagnant water (little or no
oxygen) slows decomposition
rate.
Has a carbon content of less than
60% and is composed entirely of
volatile matter.
 LIGNITE
Soft, dark brown, gray or
black, crumbly, sooty coal.
Plant parts may be visible.
Formed from compaction of
peat under low burial
pressures and temperatures.
Low rank coal.
65 to 70% carbon and 63 to
53% volatile matter.
 SUB-BITUMINOUS

Intermediate between lignite

and bituminous coal.
Carbon content is about 70
to 76% and is 53 to 42%
volatile matter.
 BITUMINOUS

Hard, but slightly sooty.

Dull to shiny luster.
May have layers.
Deeper burial, longer burial, and
higher temperatures than lower
coal ranks.
Most abundant coal rank in the
United States.
Contains 70 to 86% carbon and 46 to
31% volatile matter.
 ANTHRACITE
Hard, shiny coal with a silvery
luster.
A metamorphic rock formed
from bituminous coal at higher
temperatures and pressures.
The highest coal rank.
86 to 98% pure carbon and 8 to
3% volatile matter.
 REMEMBER:
Different types of coal contain different
amounts of carbon.
The highest percentage of carbon is found in the
highest rank coal.
High-rank coal also has a higher heat content (or
heating value), produces less smoke, burns
longer, and provides more energy than lower
quality coal.
OIL OR PETROLEUM
Liquid hydrocarbons that are
present in certain layers of
sedimentary rock.
Petroleum can be extracted
from the rock and refined to
produce fuels and chemicals.
NATURAL GAS
A fossil energy source that
formed deep beneath the
earth's surface.
We use natural gas as a fuel
and to make materials and
chemicals.
OIL AND GAS FORMATION
 THANK YOU
AND GOD BLESS!