Romblon State University

GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________

MARUNGKO AND CLAVERIA READING INTERVENTION:

A COMPARATIVE STUDY

A Research Proposal
Presented to
the Graduate of Education and Professional Studies
Romblon State University

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in the Subject
Advance Method of Research -MA 201

by

MICHELLE B. PION
March 2023
 Romblon State University
GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Title: Marungko and Claveria Reading Intervention: A Comparative Study
Researcher: Michelle B. Pion
Professor: Dr. Cesar Chester O. Relleve
School: Romblon State University
Degree: Master in Educational Leadership and Management
Year : 2023

Researchers discovered that teaching reading methods is an important component in

enhancing student comprehension. Many teachers, however, do not have a sufficient
foundation for teaching these reading comprehension methods. As a result, teachers must be
prepared to design and teach effective comprehension strategies.These strategies are taught to
their students. As a result, the purpose of this research is to investigate successful reading
practices in order to improve your reading abilities in language classes.
 Romblon State University
GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
ABSTRACT iv

CHAPTER I
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1
Introduction 1
Background of the Study 1
Theoretical Framework 2
Statement of the Problem
Hyphothesis of the Study
Significance of the study
Scope and Limitation of the Study
Definition of terms

Chapter II
Review of Related Literature

Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
Overview and introduction
Reseach Design
Population and Sampling
Reseach Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Analysis
 Romblon State University
GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
Reading refers to the process of looking at a gathering of written symbols and interpreting
from them. When we read, we use our eyes to receive written symbols (letters, punctuation
marks and spaces, and our brain to convert them into words, sentences and paragraphs that
communicate something.
For starters, reading helps to expand minds and gives you more ideas. Reading also
develops the imagination and allows them to dream and think in ways that they would have
never been able to before. It is proven that reading keeps their minds young, healthy, and
sharp. Reading is crucial because it fosters mental development. Like a muscle, the mind
requires workout. Reading and comprehending written material helps the intellect develop.
Reading to young children helps them improve their language abilities. 
Ben Dominic (2021) said that reading is kind of a gateway to the development of
academic skills across all disciplines.”

Learning to read is often acquired in school but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a
new normal of educating learners has emerged in which learners started to develop reading
skills at home and reinforced through the assistance of the school’s drive. The pandemic has
affected many students, causing increased stress, disruptions, and challenges with distance
learning. Yet, according to experts, it might affect the youngest students the most, those who
are still learning to read. Children who fall behind developing reading skills themselves
struggle to keep up throughout their coursework.

One of the issues that we teachers encounter is teaching reading. We must improve
our students' reading skills because it is an important component of learning.

Background of the Study

The Marungko Method is one of many approaches created for teaching reading. The
Marungko strategy is one that aims to provide students with the skills they need to improve
their reading. It also serves as a reading instruction manual for teachers. This strategy allows
students to gradually develop basic reading skills. Teaching reading using this approach stars
with letter sounds rather than names.

On the other hand The Claveria Method was described as having "Pananda," which
may be used to teach reading in the mother tongue. Syllables and words, phrases and
sentences are the lessons in which the Claveria Method is used to teach reading in Mother
Tongue.

The Grade One pupils of Aurora A. Quezon are facing reading challenges. These
pupils cannot read well. Their parents are the ones reading the modules for them. Some have
difficulty in reading and understanding the modules.
 Romblon State University
GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________
Improving the reading ability of the students needs a lot of time, effort and
cooperation on the part of the teacher, parents and the students. The different stategies can
help teachers unlock the reading difficulty of students, who find it hard to read, pronounce
words and don’t even comprehend what they read.

The proponent of the research wants to know which intervention in reading can better
help improve the reading ability of our young learners.
As of the First Quarter of School Year 2022– 2023, the reading ability of some Grade
One pupils is at the Beginning Level. This prompted the researcher to conduct research on the
effectiveness of Marungko and Claveria in improving the reading performance of Grade one
pupils.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

STRATEGIES

MARUNGKO APPROACH CLAVERIA APPROACH

STUDENT’S READING
PROFICIENCY

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study sought to determine which intervention can better help Grade One pupils
of Aurora A. Quezon Elementary School in improve reading ability

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. Is there are significant differences in the educational outcomes achieved by
students in Marungko and Claveria, with students in one area
outperforming those in the other
2. Is the teaching methods and approaches used in Marungko and Claveria
differ significantly, leading to differences in student learning outcomes?
 Romblon State University
GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. The availability and quality of educational resources, differ between
Marungko and Claveria, leading to differences in student achievement

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

The researcher develop three hypothesis of the study:

1. There are significant differences in the educational outcomes achieved by

students in Marungko and Claveria, with students in one area outperforming
those in the other
2. The teaching methods and approaches used in Marungko and Claveria differ
significantly, leading to differences in student learning outcomes
3. The availability and quality of educational resources, such as textbooks and
technology, differ between Marungko and Claveria, leading to differences in
student achievement
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be conducted to regulate the determine the effectiveness of using
marungko or Claveria as an intervention in Reading in Grade one Pupils
The outcome of the study will be of importance to the school head, teachers, parents, and to
the learners.
For the school head, the results of this study can be used as bases in establishing strategies
and plans that would encourage their teachers to craft more innovative instructional materials.
For teachers, the results of the study will inform them on the impacts of the
Marungko and Claveria to the reading ability of the children and will be a basis on what
intervention they will use on their students
For parents, the results of this study will give the parents ideas on how to render support on
the academic performance of their children.
For learners, the results of this study if successful will be a great help in their academic
performance especially for developing reading

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Reading – Reading is the process of interpreting written or printed language to understand
its meaning. It involves the ability to recognize and understand the individual words and to
comprehend their meaning in the context of the sentence, paragraph, and overall text.
Reading is a fundamental skill that is necessary for learning and for functioning effectively in
many areas of life. It allows individuals to access information, learn new concepts, and
engage with a wide range of ideas and perspectives.
 Romblon State University
GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________

Marungko – the marungko approach us a phonic-based method that focuses on teaching

children to read and witr by helping them understand the relationship between letters and
their corresponding sounds. It is designed to se simple, practical and effective , using a
combination of visual aids , songs and interactive activities to engage young learners. The
marungko approach has been widely adopted in the Philippines , particularl in public Schools
and has beeb credited with helping to improve literacy rates among Filipino Children

Claveria - Claveria Approach was described to have "Pananda" which may be used in
teaching reading in Mother Tongue. The lessons in which Claveria Approach be applied in
teaching reading in Mother Tongue are syllables and words, phrases and sentences.

Scope and Delimitation

The study will focus on the Reading proficiency of 20 sections in Grade one of
Aurora A. Quezon Elementary School, School Year 2022-2023 composing of 673 students. 9
sections are using Marungko Strategy and 13 sections are using Claveria Strategy in reading.
 Romblon State University
GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER II.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Reading is an integral part of academic affairs and it is equally important outside

academic contexts. Apart from the essential linguistic requirements of the reading process
(e.g. vocabulary and grammar), there are some so-called reading strategies that are attested to
improve reading. Many articles and, indeed, whole books have been devoted to investigating
reading. However, little research has been done to explore the nature of the reading strategies.
(Hossein Karami, 2008) According to Mica Elaine Bilbao Reading comprehension is one of
the reading competencies that every student has to develop. However, there are still students
who are below the proficiency level of reading comprehension despite the reading
instructions and strategies provided by the teachers for the improvement of students’ reading
comprehension. (Mica Elaine Bilbao) Teaching reading strategies is a key element in
developing student comprehension. However, many teachers lack a solid foundation for
teaching these reading comprehension strategies. Therefore, teachers need to be prepared on
how to design effective comprehension strategies and how to teach these strategies to their
Learning to read is challenging for many students and is even more so when the process is
unclear. Without effective reading strategies, many students struggle and a large percentage
will be left behind when they are unable to acquire the skills necessary to read grade-level
materials. Marungko Approach is an effective alternative in the teaching of the micro-
reading competencies in beginning reading. Through this, beginning reading teachers can
now have a way to transform their learners into a successful reader in the end. In addition,
the use of Marungko Approach in the beginning reading stage can help solidify these skills to
become strong foundations for higher reading competencies. In this manner, learners will
truly possess the desired reading comprehension skills which are crucial for every productive
individual. Thus, with the ultimate possession of comprehension skills, the learners at the end
are converted into valuable asset of the country (Boltron and Ramos 2021)

Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
 Romblon State University
GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________
The study will utilize comparative non experimental designs. The design of this
study will be use because the researcher wants to compare and examine social phenomena
without direct manipulation of the conditions that the subjects experience. The most
important criteria are whether the design is appropriate for testing the hypotheses. The study
will involve the total of 20 sections involving enumeration of 673 Grade 1 pupils. 9 sections
are using Marungko Strategy and 13 sections are using Claveria Strategy in Reading.

References
Level of Reading Comprehension of the Education Students

Mica Elaine M Bilbao | Connie Lizetthe S Donguila | Ma. Juliet G. Vasay

Discipline: Education
 Romblon State University
GRADUATE EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
__________________________________________________________________________________
Improving reading skills through effective reading strategies *Hulya Kucukoglu
Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06532, Turkey

READING STRATEGIES: WHAT ARE THEY? Hossein Karami University of Tehran

2008

Improving Beginning Reading Literacy through Marungko Approach

 August 2021

Authors:Marilou T Boltron,Cebu Technological University

Ariel Ramos Cebu Technological University Argao Campus