PROBABILTY & STATISTICS

UNIT-I
1. A random variable X has the following probability function
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

P(x) 0 K 2k 2k 3k K2 2K2 7K2+k

(i) Determine k (ii) Evaluate P(X<6), P(X≥6), P(0<X<5) and P(0≤X≤4)

1
(iii) if 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝐾) > , find the minimum value of k and, (iv) Determine the distribution
2
function of x (v) Mean (vi) Variance
2. A random variable X has the following probability function
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

P(x) K 2k 3k 4k 5k 6k 7k 8k

(i) Determine k (ii) Evaluate P(X≤2), and P(2≤X≤5)

3. A random variable X has the following probability function
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

P(x) A 3a 5a 7a 9a 11a 13a 15a 17a

(i) Determine the value of a (ii) Evaluate P(X<3), P(X≥3), P(0<X<5)

(iii) Determine the distribution function of F(x).
4. A random variable X has the following probability function
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P(x) K 3k 5k 7k 9k 11k 13k

(i) Determine k (ii) Evaluate P(X<4), P(X≥5), P(3<X≤6) (iii) What will be the minimum
of value of k 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2) > 0.3 ? (iv) Mean (v) Variance.
5. From a lot of 10 items containing 3 defectives, a sample of 4 items is drawn at random. Let the
random variable X denote the number of defective items in the sample. Find the probability
distribution of X when the sample is drawn without replacement.
6. Let X denote the minimum of the two numbers that appear when a pair of fair dice is thrown once.
Determine the (i) Discrete probability distribution (ii) Expectation (Mean) (iii) Variance
7. Show that the variance of random variable X is given by 𝜎 2 = 𝐸(𝑋2 ) − (𝐸(𝑋))2
8. The probability density f(x) of a continuous random variable is given by
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑒 −|𝑥| , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞. Show that 𝑐 = and find that the mean and variance of the
2
distribution. Also find the probability that the variance lies between 0 and 4.
9. For the Continuous probability function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 0, find
(i) k (ii) Mean (iii) variance.
10. If the probability density function of a random variable X is given by
2
2𝑘𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ 0

Determine (i) k (ii) The distribution function of X.

11. Calculate the first four Moments of the following distribution about the mean:
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

f(x) 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1

Also evaluate Skewness & Kurtosis.

12. Calculate the First four Moments of the following distribution about an arbitrary origin.
Class Interval 60-62 63-65 66-68 69-71 72-74

Frequency 5 18 42 27 8

Also find the Moments about the mean.

 UNIT-II
1. Two Dice are thrown 120 times. Find the average number of times in which, the number on the
first die exceeds the number on the second die.
2. Out of 800 families with 5 children each, how many would you expect to have (a) 3 boys
(b) 5 girls (c) either 2 or 3 boys (d) atleast one boy? Assume equal probabilities for boys and
girls.
3. In a binomial distribution consisting of 5 independent trials, probabilities of 1 & 2 success are
0.4096 & 0.2048 respectively. Find the parameter p of the distribution.
4. A car- hire firm has two cars which it hires out day by day. The number of demands for a car on
each day is distributed as a Poisson distribution with mean 1.5. Calculate the proportion of days
(i) on which there is no demand (ii) On which demand is refused.
5. If a random variable has a Poisson distribution such that P(1) = P(2), find (i) mean (ii) P(4)
(iii) P(x ≥ 1) (iv) p(1< x< 4).
6. If X is a Poisson Variate such that 3P(x = 4) = ½(P(x = 2))+ P(x = 0). Find (i) Mean (ii) P(x ≤ 2)
7. In a Normal distribution, 7% of the items are under 35 and 89% are under 63. Determine the
Mean and Variance of the distribution.
8. In a normal distribution 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% are over 64. Find the Mean and
Variance of the distribution.
9. The marks obtained in mathematics by 1000 students is normally distributed with mean 78%
and standard deviation 11%. Determine
(i)How many students go marks above 90%
(ii) What was the highest mark obtained by the lowest 10% of the students
(iii) Within what limits did the middle of 90% of the students lie.
10. If the masses of 300 students are normally distributed with mean 68 kgs and standard deviation
3 kgs, how many students have masses
(i)Greater than 72 kg (ii) Less than or equal to 64 kg (iii) Between65 and 71 kg inclusive.
11. If X is Normally distributed with mean 2 and variance 0.1, then find 𝑃(|𝑋 − 2| ≥ 0.01)?
12. Define Type-I and Type-II Errors, Critical region, Level of Significance. Null Hypothesis,
Alternative Hypothesis.
13. The life time of electric bulbs for a random sample of 10 from a large consignment gave the
following data.

Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Life in 1000 hrs: 1.2 4.6 3.9 4.1 5.2 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.4 5.6
Can we accept the hypothesis that the average life time of bulbs is 4000 hrs.
14. Two Horses A & B were tested according to the time (in seconds) to run a particular track with
the following results.

Horse A 28 30 32 33 33 29 34
Horse B 29 30 30 24 27 29 --
Test Whether the two horses have the same running capacity.
15. Ten Soldiers participated in a shooting competition in the first week. After intensive training
they participated in the competition in the second week. Their scores before and after training
are given as follows.

Scores before 67 24 57 55 63 54 56 68 33 43
Scores after 70 38 58 58 56 67 68 75 42 38
Do the data indicate that the soldiers have been benefited by the training.
16. Pumpkins were grown under two experimental conditions. Two random samples of 11 and 9
pumpkins, show the sample standard deviation of their weights as 0.8 and 0.5 respectively.
Assuming that the weight distributions are normal, test hypothesis that the true variances are
equal.
17. The nicotine contents in milligrams in two samples of tobacco were found to be as follows:

Sample A 24 27 26 21 25 -
Sample B 27 30 28 31 22 36
Can it be said that two samples have come from the same normal population?
18. A pair of dice are thrown 360 times and the frequency of each sum is indicated below

Sum 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency 8 24 35 37 44 65 51 42 26 14 14
Would you say that the dice are fair on the basis of the Chi-Square test at 0.05 level of significance?