March 5, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

English Madhyam
(Weekly vocabulary compilation)
From 27 Feb 2023 to 04 march 2023

For all competitive Exams

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Note: Reading Daily editorials are more important than mugging up vocabulary. So, Must
Read editorial on daily basis, which is the best way to cover comprehensive English Subject
ranging from vocabulary to reading skill

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Table of Contents
Part - A
The Hindu Editorial- Not neutral (27 Feb 2023)........................................................................................................ 4
The Hindu Editorial – Settling scores (Feb 28, 2023) .............................................................................................. 7
The Hindu Editorial – Favourites on top (Mar 01, 2023) ..................................................................................... 10
The Hindu Editorial – Unending ordeal (Mar 02, 2023) ....................................................................................... 12
The Hindu Editorial – A message for maturity (Mar 03, 2023).......................................................................... 15
The Hindu Editorial – Data dissonance (Mar 04, 2023) ........................................................................................ 18
Part - B
The Hindu Editorial – Single stroke (Feb 27, 2023)................................................................................................ 22
The Hindu Editorial – Reducing pain (Feb 28, 2023) ............................................................................................. 25
The Hindu Editorial – Subaltern, secular (Mar 01, 2023)..................................................................................... 28
The Hindu Editorial – Border troubles (Mar 02, 2023) ......................................................................................... 31
The Hindu Editorial – Searing changes (Mar 03, 2023) ........................................................................................ 34
Business line Editorial – The Jan Vishwas Bill (04 March 2023)....................................................................... 37
Part - C
Business line – A banking background (27 Feb, 2023).......................................................................................... 41
Indian Express – Delhi’s G20 test (Feb 28, 2023) .................................................................................................... 44
Economic times – Bring states on the same capex page (Mar 01, 2023) ....................................................... 47
Business line Editorial – GDP growth numbers (2 March 2023)....................................................................... 50
Indian Express – Vinod Kumar Shukla: A writer beyond genres (Mar 03, 2023) ...................................... 52
The Indian Express – SC decision to set up expert committee (4 March 2023) .......................................... 54

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The Hindu Editorial- Not neutral (27 Feb 2023)
1. Neutral (adjective) – not supporting or
helping either side in a conflict,
disagreement, etc: Unbiased, impartial,
nonaligned, unprejudiced तटस्थ
2. Stand (noun) – opinion, stance, viewpoint,
standpoint, view, outlook रुख
3. Dithering (adjective) – indecisive, hesitant,
irresolute, of two minds हिचकिचाते िुए/
दवु िधा में पडा िुआ
4. Sovereignty (noun) – autonomy,
independence, self-government, self-rule,
home rule संप्रभत
ु ा
5. Resolution (noun) – a formal decision that
is taken after a vote by a group of people
प्रस्ताि
6. Criticise (verb) – Censure, condemn, carp,
slate, roast, slam, disapprove of आलोचना
िरना
7. Result in (phrasal verb) – cause, bring on,
call forth, be the cause of (something) to
happen िे पररणामस्िरूप
8. Abstention (noun) – an act of choosing not
to vote either for or against something:
Non-voting, Nonparticipation, refraining
मतदान में भाग न लेना
9. Call (noun) – demand, Request, plea,
appeal मांग
10. Just (adjective) – equitable, even-handed,
impartial, unbiased न्यायोचचत, ननष्पक्ष
11. Lasting (adjective) – permanent, enduring,
persistent, durable, stable स्थायी/हटिाऊ
12. Peace (noun) – calm, peacefulness,
serenity, tranquility, ceasefire शांनत
13. Eventually (adverb) – in the end, in due
course, by and by, in time अंततः/
आखखरिार
14. Sponsor (verb) – introduce and support (a
proposal) in a legislative assembly.
15. Cessation (noun) – The fact or process of
ending or being brought to an end. समापन
16. Hostility (noun) – antagonism,
unfriendliness, bitterness, malevolence,
malice शत्रत
ु ा
17. Appeal (verb) – Request, ask, plead,
demand, urge, petition अपील िरना
18. Accountability (noun) – responsibility,
liability, answerability जिाबदे िी
19. Violation (noun) – breach, infringement,
infraction, contravention उल्लंघन
20. Significantly (adverb) – Considerably,
notably, substantially, importantly मित्ि िे
साथ/ गौरतलब िै कि
21. Sponsor (noun) – backer, patron,
promoter, supporter, friend प्रायोजि,
तरफ़दार
22. Ally (noun) – associate, colleague, friend,
confederate, partner सियोगी
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23. Call for (phrasal verb) – demand, require, and North America that exists to protect
request, ask for मांग िरना the people and territory of its members.

24. Given (preposition) – considering, taking 36. Abstain (verb) – not vote, decline to vote,

into account, bearing in mind दे खते िुए refuse to vote भाग निीं लेना (मतदान में )

25. Status quo (phrase) – the present situation 37. Consistently (adverb) – Constantly, always,
or condition यथास्स्थनत time after time, time and again लगातार

26. Lie (verb) – be, remain, or be kept in a 38. Critical of (adjective) – in opposition to,
Anti, hostile to, censorious, not in favour
specified state. िोना
of विरोध में
27. Lay claim to (phrase) – to assert one’s
39. Fora (plural noun) – meeting, forum,
possession of or right to अचधिार िा दािा
assembly, gathering मंच
िरना
40. Reiterate (verb) – repeat, say again,
28. Amendment (noun) – change,
restate, retell, recapitulate दोिराना
modification, revision, alteration,
improvement संशोधन 41. Envoy (noun) – a person who is sent by a
government with a message to another
29. Invasion (noun) – attack, incursion,
country राजदत
ू
offensive, assailing आक्रमण
42. Assert (verb) – declare, affirm, state, claim,
30. Dialogue (noun) – conversation, talk,
aver दृढ़ता से ििना
communication, interchange, discourse
बातचीत, संिाद 43. Strategic (adjective) – connected with a
country’s plans to achieve success in a war
31. Stalemate (noun) – impasse, standoff,
or in its defence system रणनीनति, सामररि
standstill. गनतरोध
मित्ि िा
32. Causality (noun) – A person hurt or killed
44. Autonomy (noun) – Freedom from
in a war or other destructive event िताित
external control or influence;
33. Western (adjective) – from or connected independence. स्िायत्तता
with the western part of the world,
especially Europe or North America 45. Strategic autonomy (noun) – the ability of
a state to pursue its national interests and
पश ्चचमी (दे श)
adopt its preferred foreign policy without
depending heavily on other foreign states
34. Sanction (noun) – Restriction, ban,
सामररि स्िायत्तता
penalty, punishment, injunction प्रनतबंध
46. Cite (verb) – refer to, make reference to,
35. NATO (noun) – The North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) was founded in 1949 mention, allude to ििाला दे ना
and is a group of 30 countries from Europe

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47. Concern (noun) – Anxiety, worry,
apprehension fear चचंता
48. Conflict (noun) – Battle, fight, war,
struggle, skirmish, clash, encounter संघर्ष
49. Stress (verb) – emphasize, strain, pressure,
highlight, underline जोर दे ना
50. Diplomacy (noun) – Negotiation between
nations िूटनीनत
51. Way forward (phrase) – the best option or
solution because it is likely to lead to
success सिोत्तम वििल्प
52. Neutrality (noun) – non-involvement, a
neutral stance तटस्थता
53. of sorts (phrase) – something of the kind
just mentioned एि तरि िी
54. Space (noun) – room, freedom, liberty,
leeway गज
ुं ाइश
55. Mediation (noun) – arbitration,
intercession, conciliation, reconciliation
मध्यस्थता
56. Unilateral (adjective) – Involving only one
part or side एिपक्षीय
57. Hold (verb) – to have an opinion, etc. िोई
राय आहद रखना
58. Multilateral (adjective) – Agreed upon or
participated in by three or more parties,
especially the governments of different
countries. बिुपक्षीय
59. Principled (adjective) – Moral, ethical,
good, virtuous, righteous, upright; (of a
system or method) based on a given set of
rules. सैदधांनति
60. Indeed (adverb) – as expected, to be sure,
in fact, in point of fact िास्ति में
61. Sovereign (adjective) – Independent,
autonomous, self-governing, free संप्रभु
62. Halt (verb) – stop, come to a halt, come to
a stop, come to a standstill रोिना
63. strategic (adjective) – tactical, strategical,
politic, diplomatic, planned रणनीनति
64. Celebrated (adjective) – Famous, greatly
admired, renowned, notable प्रससदध
65. Era (noun) – Period, age, time यग
ु
66. Heed (verb) – Pay close attention to; give
heed to ध्यान दे ना
67. Unbiased (adjective) – impartial, balanced,
neutral, unprejudiced ननष्पक्ष
68. Mediator (noun) – Go-between,
Intermediary, Arbitrator, Negotiator,
Moderator मध्यस्थ
69. Duress (noun) – Coercion, pressure, threat,
constraint, compulsion दबाि
70. Diffident (noun) – lacking self-confidence;
shy, hesitant संिोची
71. Integrity (noun) – morality, virtue, probity,
uprightness अखंडता
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The Hindu Editorial – Settling scores (Feb 28, 2023)
1. Settle scores (phrase) – to punish
someone for a past wrong or grievance
बदला लेंना
2. Partisan (adjective) – biased, prejudiced,
one-sided, bigoted, discriminatory
पक्षपातपण
ू ष
3. Liberty (noun) – freedom, independence
स्ितंत्रता
4. Brief (adjective) – of short duration;
temporary; not lasting for long थोडे समय
िा
5. Deboard (verb) – to get out of a vehicle
(airplane) उतरना (जिाज से)
6. –Bound (adjective) – going or ready to go
towards a specified place.
7. Allegedly (adverb) – reportedly,
supposedly, reputedly, purportedly िचथत
तौर पर
8. Unsavoury (adjective) – disreputable,
unpleasant, disagreeable, revolting अभद्र
9. Remark (noun) – Comment, Statement
हटप्पणी
10. Instance (noun) – example, occasion,
occurrence, case, representative case
उदािरण, घटना
11. Ensure (verb) – Make sure, make certain,
confirm, certify सनु नस्चचत िरना
12. Interim bail (noun) – a bail granted for a
brief period of your time अंतररम जमानत
13. Episode (noun) – incident, event,
happening, occurrence, affair प्रिरण, घटना
14. Highlight (verb) – emphasize, stress,
underline, spotlight, accentuate प्रमख
ु ता से
हदखाना
15. Cavalier (adjective) – unconcerned,
careless, arrogant, inconsiderate, offhand
बबना सोचे विचारे
16. Denounce (verb) – condemn, criticize,
censure, attack, decry ननंदा िरना
17. Hurtful (adjective) – deleterious, injurious,
harmful, detrimental, damaging
िाननिारि/ आित िरने िाला
18. Read into (phrasal verb) – To find, infer, or
attribute an additional meaning or
different interpretation to what is
presented.
19. Assertion (noun) – declaration, statement,
claim, affirmation, Contention दािा,
असभिथन
20. National Integration (noun) – the
awareness of a common identity amongst
the citizens of a country. राष्रीय एिीिरण
21. Outrage (verb) – infuriate, offend, insult,
anger, enrage, affront ठे स पिुंचाना
22. Sentiment (noun) – Feeling, emotion,
opinion, reaction, attitude भािना
23. Enmity (noun) – hostility, hate,
antagonism, animosity, antipathy दचु मनी
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24. Egregious (adjective) – outstandingly bad;
shocking. भयंिर, अत्यंत
25. Distant (adjective) – Faraway, far-off,
remote दरू
26. Effect (verb) – to cause something to
happen; implement िायाषस्न्ित िरना
27. Unwarranted (adjective) – not justified or
authorized. अनचु चत
28. Claim (verb) – assert, demand, request,
declare, state दािा िरना
29. Offend (verb) – affront, upset, displease,
distress, hurt, wound अपमान िरना
30. Legislator (noun) – lawmaker, lawgiver,
parliamentarian, politician विधायि
31. Worshipper (noun) – great or excessive
love, admiration, and respect felt for
somebody उपासि
32. Thwart (verb) – prevent, stop, foil (from
accomplishing something) विफल िरना,
निाम बनाना
33. Disconcerting (adjective) – disturbing,
upsetting, confusing, unsettling,
discomfiting चचंताजनि
34. Tend (to) (verb) – be inclined, be apt, be
disposed, be prone प्रित्त
ृ िोना
35. Have nothing to do with (phrase) – have
no contact or dealings with से िोई लेना-दे ना
निीं िोना
36. Jurisdiction (noun) – authority, control,
power, dominion, rule, administration
क्षेत्राचधिार
37. Incidental (adjective) – occurring by
chance or without intention आिस्स्मि
38. Geography (noun) – area क्षेत्र/ भग
ू ोल
39. Insinuation (noun) – an unpleasant hint or
suggestion of something bad. व्यंग्योस्तत,
परोक्ष संिेत
40. Spokesperson (noun) – a person who is
chosen to speak for a group or an
organization प्रितता
41. Touch a raw nerve (phrase) – to upset
someone by mention something ऐसी बात
िा स्जक्र िरना जो किसी िो परे शान िरे ।
42. Sly (adjective) – clever in a dishonest way
धत
ू ,ष उत्तेजना उत्पन्न िरनेिाला
43. Allegation (noun) – charge, accusation,
claim, assertion आरोप
44. Proximity (noun) – vicinity, closeness,
nearness, propinquity, juxtaposition
ननिटता
45. Apologise (verb) – Say sorry, make an
apology, ask for forgiveness, express regret
माफी मााँगना
46. Strident (adjective) – shrill, harsh, raucous,
grating, loud िठोर
47. Seldom (adverb) – rarely, hardly ever, not
often शायद िी
48. Amount to (phrasal verb) – be equal to िे
बराबर िोना
49. Malicious (adjective) – hostile, bitter,
venomous, wounding, cruel, unkind
दभ
ु ाषिनापण
ू ष
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50. Warrant (verb) – Justify or necessitate (a 56. Flouting (noun) – Breaking, contravention,
certain course of action) जरूरी बनाना breach, violation उल्लंघन

51. Criticism (noun) – censure, condemnation, 57. Limit (verb) – restrict, curb, check, place a
critique, disapproval आलोचना limit on, cap सीसमत िरना

52. Tasteless (adjective) – rude or offensive, 58. Grant (verb) – allow, accord, permit, afford
vulgar अभद्र, बेअदब दे ना

53. Playbook (noun) – Tactics; a set of rules or 59. Clubbing (noun) – Combining, Addition
suggestions that are considered to be समलाना, जोडना
suitable for a particular activity
60. Haul up (phrasal verb) – to bring before a
54. Often (adverb) – frequently, in many superior for judgment or reprimand
instances, repeatedly, again and again
फटिारना
अतसर
61. Bureaucrat (noun) – Official,
55. Lost in (phrase) – be engrossed in; be
administrator, officeholder नौिरशािी
engaged in में खो जाना

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The Hindu Editorial – Favourites on top (Mar 01, 2023)

1. Hiccups (noun) – a small problem or 13. Well placed (adjective) – in a good

difficulty छोटी-मोटी समस ्या या िहठनाई situation to be able to do something अच्छी
तरि से तैयार िोना
2. Conclude (verb) – finish, complete, close,
infer, terminate समापन िरना 14. Chase (noun) – an act in which something
is being pursued (target) पीछा (लक्ष्य िा)
3. Glorious (adjective) – illustrious, famous,
famed, magnificent, superb शानदार 15. Upset (noun) – A game, contest in which
the favorite is defeated. उलटफेर
4. Certainty (noun) – the quality of being
reliably true. ननस्चचतता 16. Host (noun) – here it refers to South Africa
मेजबान
5. Regrettably (adverb) – unfortunately, alas,
sadly, unluckily, deplorably अफसोस से 17. Defeat (verb) –beat, overcome, conquer,
win against िराना
6. The Aussies (noun) – Australia women
cricket team
18. Crowd (noun) – A large number of things
7. Remarkable (adjective) – Worthy of or people considered together भीड
attention; striking. उल्लेखनीय
19. Presence (noun) – an impressive
8. Spectacular (adjective) – remarkable, appearance उपस्स्थनत
stunning, Impressive, great, enormous
20. Ensure (verb) – Make sure, make certain,
शानदार
confirm, certify सनु नस्चचत िरना
9. Run (noun) – a continuous series of
21. Full house (noun) – an audience that fills
performances. उपलस्धध
the venue for an event to capacity.
10. In one’s own backyard (phrase) – the area खचाखच भरा िुआ
of activity that you are involved in; in own
country (here it refers to Australia) 22. Stumble (on) (verb) – to make mistakes or
hesitate/ falter in actions लडखडाना
11. Formidable (adjective) – difficult to deal
with; strong, powerful दज
ु य
े , मजबत
ू 23. Hurdle (noun) – obstacle, hindrance,
barrier, obstruction, impediment बाधा
12. Rival (noun) – competitor, opponent,
contestant, contender प्रनतदिंदिी 24. Amid (preposition) – in the middle of िे
बीच

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25. Drop (verb) – exclude, discard, oust, expel,
leave out बािर िरना
26. Benchmark (noun) – Standard, yardstick,
level, scale मानदं ड
27. Stun (verb) – to surprise or shock
somebody ितिा बतिा िरना
28. Bounce back (phrasal verb) – recover,
improve, get better िापसी
29. Admirably (adverb) – Commendably,
splendidly, very well, marvelously प्रशंसनीय
ढं ग से/ शानदार
30. Impetus (noun) – motivation, stimulus,
incitement, incentive प्रोत्सािन
31. Pay a price (phrase) – to experience the
bad result of something you have done बरु ा
पररणाम भग
ु तना
32. Apartheid (adjective) – (in South Africa) a
policy or system of segregation or
discrimination on grounds of race. रं गभेद
33. Pertinent (adjective) – relevant, to the
point, apposite, appropriate, suitable
उचचत/ मन
ु ाससब
34. Host (verb) – be the host of or for; hold,
present, introduce, accommodate मेजबान
िरना
35. Unite (verb) – join, connect, bring together
जोडना/ एिजुट िरना
36. Divided (adjective) – Separated,
partitioned, segregated, विभास्जत
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The Hindu Editorial – Unending ordeal (Mar 02, 2023)

1. Ordeal (noun) – painful experience, 10. Deliberate (adjective) – intentional,

unpleasant experience, trial, tribulation conscious, done on purpose सोचा-समझा/
ददष नाि अनभ
ु ि जानबझ
ू िर
2. Civilian (adjective) –civil, citizen,
11. Ploy (noun) – tactic, move, device,
noncombatant, civic, private citizen
stratagem, scheme, trick चाल
नागररि
12. Strike fear into someone (phrase) – To
3. Restore (verb) –reinstate, put back,
frighten, terrify, or horrify someone किसी
replace, bring back, reinstitute बिाल/
िे मन में डर पैदा िरना
पन
ु स्थाषवपत िरना
13. Signal (verb) – sign, indicate, suggest,
4. Reverse (verb) –Overturn, undo, annul,
show संिेत िरना
render null and void. उलटना
14. Modus operandi (noun) – method of
5. Polarization (noun) –the act of dividing
working, method, way, manner िायषप्रणाली
something, especially something that
contains different people or opinions, into
15. Radical (adjective) – revolutionary,
two completely opposing groups ध्रुिीिरण extremist, extreme, fanatic, progressive
िट्टरपंथी
6. At the hands of (phrase) – done or caused
by.
16. Retaliation (noun) – Reprisal, revenge,
7. Minority (noun) – a small group of people vengeance, retribution प्रनतशोध /बदला
within a community or country, differing
from the main population in race, religion, 17. Repression (noun) – suppression,
language, or political persuasion. subjugation, domination, authoritarianism,
अल्पसंख्यि tyranny दमन

8. Peak (noun) – the point of highest activity 18. Foment (verb) – incite, provoke, instigate,
चरम पर stir up, whip up भडिाना

9. Militancy (noun) – Aggressiveness, 19. Discontent (noun) – dissatisfaction,

combativeness, violence, forcefulness discontentment, discontented,
उग्रिाद displeasure, unhappy असंतोर्

20. Disaffection (noun) – dissatisfaction,

discontent असंतोर्

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21. Garner (verb) – collect, gather, get, acquire
इिट्ठा िरना
22. Cause (noun) – Purpose, aim, motive,
objective, conviction उददे चय
23. Follow–up (noun) – a further action
connected with something that happened
before अनि
ु ती िारष िाई
24. Result in (phrasal verb) – cause, bring on,
call forth, be the cause of (something) to
happen िे पररणामस्िरूप
25. Militant (noun) – someone who is engaged
in a war or who acts aggressively for their
cause उग्रिादी
26. Slay (verb) – to kill violently; to murder मार
डालना; ित ्या िर दे ना
27. Grip (verb) – Afflict, affect, take over,
beset, rack, जिडना
28. In particular (phrase) – Especially,
specially, particularly, above all, specifically
विशेर्िर
29. Migration (noun) – movement from one
part of something to another. स्थानान्तरण
30. Separatist (noun) – Dissenter, secessionist,
protestor, rebel, separationist अलगाििादी
31. Condemn (verb) – censure, criticize,
castigate, attack, denounce ननंदा िरना
32. Brazen (adjective) – Barefaced, shameless,
unabashed, blatant, bold बेशमष भरी
33. Point to (phrasal verb) – indicate, mention,
note, highlight, emphasize इशारा िरना
34. Breakdown (noun) – end of something;
failure, break (relations) टूटना
35. Administration (noun) – the management
of public affairs; government प्रशासन
36. Citizenry (noun) – The citizens of a place
regarded collectively. नागररि
37. Lead (to) (verb) – bring about, cause, give
rise to, result in िजि बनना
38. Anticipate (verb) – expect, foresee,
predict, think likely, forecast पि
ू ाषनम
ु ान
लगाना
39. Rethink (verb) – reconsider, review, revise,
reassess पन
ु विषचार िरना
40. -Centric (suffix) – having a specified centre.
िेंहद्रत
41. Claim (verb) – assert, demand, request,
declare, state दािा िरना
42. Hard–edged (adjective) – dealing with
unpleasant subjects in direct way. सीधे
तरीिे से अवप्रय/ िहठन विर्यों से ननपटना।
43. Dilution (noun) – the action of making
something weaker in force, content, or
value. िमजोर िरना
44. Bifurcate (verb) – divided into two
branches दो भागों में बाँटना
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45. Curb (verb) – Restrain, control, limit, hold
back, rein in रोिना/ अंिुश लगाना
46. Normalcy (noun) – the state of being
normal सामान्य िोने िी स्स्थनत
47. Seek (verb) – Try, attempt, endeavour,
effort, strive for प्रयास िरना
48. Foment (verb) – incite, provoke, instigate,
stir up, whip up भडिाना
49. Representative (noun) – Delegate,
spokesperson, agent प्रनतननचध
50. Isolate (verb) – separate, segregate,
detach, sequester, cut off, set apart अलग
िरना
51. Ease (verb) – alleviate, relieve, comfort,
mitigate, soothe; reduce, lessen िम िरना
52. Statehood (noun) – the condition of being
a political unit within a country राज्य िा
दजाष
53. Imperative (noun) – An essential or urgent
thing. अननिायषता
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The Hindu Editorial – A message for maturity (Mar 03, 2023)

1. Maturity (noun) – the state of being 11. Display (verb) – show, exhibit,
completely grown पररपतिता demonstrate, reveal प्रदशषन िरना

2. Constitutional (adjective) – relating to an 12. Statesmanship (noun) – skill in managing

established set of principles governing a public affairs. राजनीनतज्ञता
state. संिध
ै ाननि
13. Indeed (adverb) – as expected, to be sure,
3. Boundary (noun) – a limit of something, in fact, in point of fact िास्ति में
especially a sphere of activity. मयाषदा
14. Way out of line (phrase) – Not in
4. Functionary (noun) – a person who has to accordance with generally accepted or
perform official functions or duties; an established limits. अपेक्षा से सभन्न व्यििार
official. अचधिारी
िरना

5. Let (verb) – allow, permit, give permission

15. Convene (verb) – Assemble, gather, meet,
to िोने दे ना
get together, come together आयोस्जत

6. Rancor (noun) – Hatred, hostility, िरना

bitterness, spite, resentment, animosity
16. Obtain (verb) – get, take, attain, come by,
विदिेर्
acquire लेना
7. Prevail over (verb) – prove more powerful
17. Stand (noun) – Stance, Viewpoint,
or superior. िािी िोना
Standpoint View रुख
8. Propriety (noun) – correct and acceptable
moral and social behaviour; the rules of 18. Approach (verb) – Contact, Accost, Speak
correct moral or social behavior उपयत
ु त to, Talk to, Get in touch with पिुंचना

सामास्जि या नैनति आचरण िे ननयम; 19. Apparent (adjective) – obvious, evident,

सशष्टाचार clear, manifest, plain स्पष्ट

9. Substance (noun) – the real or essential 20. Refusal (noun) – denial, rejection, rebuff,
meaning सार repudiation, negation इनिार

10. Import (noun) – meaning, sense, essence, 21. Intervention (noun) – involvement,
message, signification आशय intercession, interceding,
interposing िस्तक्षेप

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22. Summon (verb) – convene, call together
(in a meeting) बल
ु िाना
23. Well-known (adjective) – eminent,
familiar, recognized जगजाहिर
24. Constitution Bench (noun) – a bench of
the Supreme Court having five or more
judges on it.
25. Rule (verb) – decree, order, direct,
pronounce, make a judgement फैसला/
ननणषय िरना
26. Prorogue (verb) – discontinue a session of
(a parliament or other legislative assembly)
सत्रािसान िरना(सत्र बंद िरना)
27. Dissolve (verb) – disband, break up, split-
up भंग िरना
28. On the aid and advice of (phrase) – with
the help and guidance of someone िी
सिायता और परामशष से
29. Hardly (adverb) – scarcely, barely, only
just, not much मस्ु चिल से
30. Likely (adjective) – probable, possible,
expected संभािना
31. Unaware (adjective) – unknowing,
oblivious, unconscious, ignorant अनसभज्ञ
/अनजान
32. State (noun) – Condition, situation स्स्थनत,
िालत
33. Observation (noun) – remark, comment,
opinion, thought, statement हटप्पणी, विचार
34. Questionable (adjective) – controversial,
contentious, open to question संहदग्ध
35. Lay down (phrasal verb) – formulate,
stipulate, set down, draw up, frame
ननधाषररत िरना, ननहदष ष्ट िरना
36. Furnish (verb) – Give, provide, deliver,
hand over प्रस्तत
ु िरना
37. Administration (noun) – Management,
managing, direction, directing, command
प्रबंधन
38. Affair (noun) – matter, event, issue,
situation, concern, case, thing मामला
39. Proposal (noun) – proposition, suggestion,
plan, motion, idea प्रस्ताि
40. Legislation (noun) – law, body of laws,
constitution, rules, rulings कानन
ू
41. Call for (phrasal verb) – demand, require,
request, ask for, ask मांग िरना
42. Unfortunate (adjective) – unlucky, hapless,
out of luck, down on one’s luck दभ
ु ाषग्यपण
ू ष
43. Instance (noun) – example, occurrence,
case, representative case उदािरण, घटना
44. One-upmanship (noun) – The technique of
gaining an advantage/feeling of superiority
over another person एि-दस
ू रे पर िािी िोना
45. Mindful (adjective) – Watchful, aware,
attentive, alert, heedful सचेत /सािधान
46. Seem (verb) – appear, look, sound, feel,
appear to be लगना/ प्रतीत िोना
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47. Stretch (verb) – extend, spread, expand
बढ़ना/ फैलाना
48. Discretion (noun) – the right or ability to
decide something; will, pleasure, option,
choice, freedom of choice वििेिाचधिार
49. Germane (adjective) – relevant, pertinent,
applicable, appropriate, apposite मन
ु ाससब,
उचचत
50. Incumbent (noun) – the holder of an office
or post. पदधारी
51. Tend (to) (verb) – be inclined, be apt, be
disposed, be prone प्रित्त
ृ िोना
52. Eyes and ears (phrase) – Eagerly giving
one’s full attention to something. किसी
चीज पर अपना परू ा ध्यान लगाना
53. Often (adverb) – frequently, in many
instances, repeatedly, again and again
अतसर
54. Domain (noun) – field, area, arena, sphere
िायषक्षेत्र
55. Caution (verb) – warn, alter, notify, signal,
advise, admonish सतिष / आगाि िरना
56. Commentator (noun) – Critic, observer,
reporter, analyst, reviewer, interpreter
समीक्षि
57. Critic (noun) – reviewer, columnist,
commentator, evaluator, reporter,
appraiser आलोचि
58. Opposition (noun) – resistance, antipathy,
enmity, objection, dissent, criticism विरोध
59. Augur well/ill (phrase) – (of an event or
circumstance) portend a good or bad
outcome संिेत समलना (शभ
ु / अशभ
ु )
60. Governance (noun) – The action or
manner of governing a state, organization,
etc शासन
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The Hindu Editorial – Data dissonance (Mar 04, 2023)
1. Dissonance (noun) – disagreement,
dissension, discord, discordance असंगनत
2. Policy maker (noun) –a member of a
government department, or other
organization who is responsible for making
new rules, laws, etc. नीनत ननमाषता
3. Buttress (verb) – strengthen, reinforce,
fortify, support, prop up मजबत
ू बनाना
4. Drive (verb) –Cause something to happen
5. Deceleration (noun) –Reduction in speed
or rate चगरािट
6. Slowdown (noun) – A decline in economic
activity. मंदी
7. Attribute (to) (verb) – to believe that
something was caused or done by
somebody/something िे सलए स्जम्मेदार
ठिराना
8. Revision (noun) –Change, correction,
improvement, reconsideration संशोधन
9. Posit (verb) – put forward as fact or as a
basis for argument. पेश िरना, रखना
10. Expand (verb) – extend, increase, enlarge,
grow, broaden बढ़ना /विस्तार िरना
11. Appreciable (adjective) –Considerable,
substantial, significant, noticeable,
palpable पयाषप्त/उल्लेखनीय
12. Log (verb) – record, register, enter दजष
िरना
13. Preceding (adjective) – prior, previous,
foregoing, earlier, former वपछले
14. Lag (verb) – fall (behind) in movement,
progress, development, etc. पीछे रि जाना
15. Gross value added (GVA) (noun) –the
measure of the value of goods and services
produced in an area, industry or sector of
an economy
16. Estimate (noun) –Approximation,
estimation, guess, evaluation, assessment
अनम
ु ान
17. Contraction (noun) –Reduction, Shrinkage,
Tightening संिुचन
18. Albeit (adverb) –Though. यदयवप, िालांकि
19. Shrinkage (noun) –Reduction, decrease,
decline, contraction, fall, drop िमी
20. Sequentially (adverb) –successively,
consecutively, consecutive, progressively
क्रसमि रूप से
21. Shrink (verb) –contract, diminish, lessen,
reduce, decrease, dwindle िम िोना
22. Crucial (adjective) –essential, vital,
important, pivotal मित्िपूणष
23. Signal (verb) –sign, indicate, suggest, show
संिेत िरना
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24. Pent–up (adjective) – suppressed,
restrained, constrained दबा िुआ
25. Pent–up demand (noun) – A sudden
increase in demand for a service or
product after a period of decreased
spending by consumers. For example:-
During the period of lockdown, consumer
want to purchase good but they can’t do it
due to lockdown, but after the lifting the
lockdown, they spend lots of money to
purchase good/services so the increase of
demand due to such situation is called as
pent up demand.
26. Contact–intensive sector (noun) – It
includes transportation, tourism,
hospitality, entertainment sector etc.
27. Hit (verb) –affect, damage, destroy,
affected, disadvantage प्रभावित िरना
28. Wane (verb) – Diminish, decrease,
decline, fade िम िोना/ घटना
29. Front (noun) –a particular area of activity
मोचाष
30. Mainstay (noun) – Backbone, support,
prop, spine, pillar, strength मख्
ु याधार
31. Momentum (noun) –impetus, energy,
impulse, speed, velocity गनत
32. Ease (verb) – reduce, alleviate, lessen िम
िोना
33. Peak (verb) –to reach the highest point or
value चरम पर पिुाँचना
34. Ought to (modal verb) – should, must
िरना चाहिए
35. Concern (noun) –Anxiety, worry,
apprehension fear चचंता
36. Relentless (adjective) –persistent,
continuing, constant, continual
ननरं तर/सतत
37. Pace (noun) – speed, rate, swiftness,
quickness गनत
38. Erode (verb) –undermine, eat away,
corrode, abrade िम /नष्ट िरना
39. Assert (verb) – declare, affirm, state, claim,
aver दािा िरना
40. Prior to (phrase) – before से पिले
41. Make clear (phrase) – explain, elucidate,
spell out, clarify स्पष्ट िरना
42. Flagging (adjective) –becoming tired or
less dynamic; declining in strength. चगरता
43. Gross fixed capital formation (noun) –As
per RBI, Gross capital formation refers to
the ‘aggregate of gross additions to fixed
assets (that is fixed capital formation) plus
change in stocks during the counting
period.’ Fixed asset refers to the
construction, machinery and equipment.
44. Reflect (verb) – indicate, show, display,
demonstrate, disclose, signify दशाषना
45. Contract (verb) –reduce, decrease,
diminish, lessen िम िरना
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46. Weaken (verb) –undermine, diminish,
lessen, reduce, impair िमजोर िोना
47. Considerably (adverb) –greatly, much, very
much, Significantly िाफी
48. Unlikely (adjective) – improbable,
implausible, doubtful, unbelievable,
incredible संभािना निीं
49. Over the course of (phrase) –during,
throughout िे दौरान
50. Likely (adjective) – probable, possible,
expected संभािना
51. Uncertainty (noun) –Improbability,
changeableness, variability, inconstancy
अननस्चचतता
52. Essentially (adverb) – Fundamentally,
basically, really, in essence दर असल,
िास्ति में
53. Make it (phrase) – to succeed in doing
something (किसी िाम में ) सफल िो जाना
54. Draw conclusion (phrase) – decide what to
believe after considering facts. ननष्िर्ष
ननिालना
55. Spotlight (verb) – Highlight, underline,
underscore, call attention to, focus
attention on प्रमख
ु ता से हदखाना
56. Craft (verb) – Make, create, shape तैयार
िरना
57. Point out (phrasal verb) – indicate,
mention, note, highlight, emphasize इशारा
िरना
English Madhyam 20