INDEX

 Introduction

 Destination marketing organization

 Hospitality

 Hospitality industry in the United

Kingdom

 Hotel manager

 Leisure industry

 Gastronomy
 INTRODUCTION

Hospitality Management and Tourism is the study of the hospitality industry.

A degree in the subject may be awarded either by a university college dedicated

to the studies of hospitality management or a business school with a relevant

department.[1] Degrees in hospitality management may also be referred to

as hotel management, hotel and tourism management, or hotel administration.

Degrees conferred in this academic field include BA, Bachelor of Business

Administration, BS, BASc, B.Voc, MS, MBA, Master of

Management, PhD and short term course. Hospitality management

covers hotels, restaurants, cruise ships, amusement parks, destination marketing

organizations, convention centers, country clubs and many more.

The Hindu Vedas (Hindu holy book), has addressed the immense importance of

knowledge in both theoretical and practical disciplines to promote an

individual’s superiority in any field. With reference to this very truth, the degree

program in tourism currently offered will be of much help to evade our poignant

skills to carry out text based knowledge in the real life work environment.

The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service

industry that includes lodging, food and drink service, event planning, theme
parks, travel and tourism. It includes hotels, tourism agencies, restaurants and

bars.

Sectors

According to the Cambridge Business English Dictionary the "hospitality

industry" consists of hotels and food service, equivalent to NAICS code 72,

"Accommodation and Food Service”

Definition in the United States

In 2020, the United States Department of Labor Standard Industrial

Classification (SIC) defines the hospitality industry more broadly, including:

 701 Hotels and Motels, including auto courts, bed and breakfast inns,

cabins and cottages, casino hotels, hostels, hotels (except residential

ones), inns furnishing food and lodging, motels, recreational hotels, resort

hotels, seasonal hotels, ski lodges and resorts, tourist cabins and tourist

courts

 704 Organization Hotels and Lodging Houses, On a Membership Basis

 58 Eating and Drinking Places (cf. U.S. "food service industry", U.K.

"catering industry")
o 5812 Eating Places, including restaurants (among which carry-out

restaurants, drive-in restaurants and fast

food restaurants), automats, beaneries, box lunch

stands, buffets, cafés, cafeterias, caterers, coffee shops,

commissary restaurants a.k.a. canteens, concession stands,

prepared food (e.g., in airports and sports arenas), contract feeding,

dairy bars, diners, dining rooms, dinner theaters, food bars, frozen

custard stands, grills, hamburger stands, hot dog stands, ice cream

stands, industrial feeding, institutional food service such as that

aboard airplanes, railroads, and ships), lunch bars, lunch

counters, luncheonettes, lunchrooms, oyster bars, pizza

parlors and pizzerias, refreshment stands, sandwich bars or shops,

snack shops, soda fountains, soft drink stands, submarine

sandwich shops, and tearooms. Sources other than the SIC also

mention other formats of eating places such as cyber cafés, ramen

shops a.k.a. noodle bars, and sushi bars.

o 5813 Drinking Places (alcoholic beverages) including bars, beer

gardens/parlors/taverns, sale of beer, wine, and liquors for on-

premise consumption, bottle clubs, cabarets, cocktail

 lounges, discotheques, drinking

places, nightclubs, saloons, taprooms, taverns, and wine bars

 472 Arrangement of Passenger Transportation

o 4724 Travel Agencies

o 4725 Tour Operators

o 4729 Arrangement of Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere

Classified, such as ticket offices not operated by transportation

companies, and services that arrange carpools

In the United States, hotels are the most popular vacation accommodation. In

2022, the worth of US Hotels & Motels industry reached up to $177.6 billion.

HISTORY

In the year 1980, the United Nations World Tourism

Organization announced the day of September 27 as “World Tourism Day”. The

idea of this celebration is to bring sustainability to the tourism sector all around

the world. UN World Tourism Organization defines tourism as “Activities of

persons traveling to and staying in different places for not more than a
consecutive year for leisure, business or traveling purpose.” The inception of

traveling is as old as mankind. Our ancient civilizations traveled great lengths in

search of food and shelter. Over the period of time, the purpose of traveling

changed. The mere act of traveling has now become a giant industry. The

tourism industry is a collage of various services like transportation, food, and

beverages, lodging, travel agencies, entertainment, etc. Innovations in

transportations, advancements in communication technology, etc.

The idea of hospitality is what lies in the center of the tourism industry. The

term Hospitality has been derived from a French word “Hospice” which means

“Taking care of the travelers”. In Old times, locals used to let the travelers rest

on kitchen floors or other extra spaces during their journey. There were no

purpose-built resting facilities for tourists until monasteries decided to build

one. This gave birth to lodging services. In the late 1700s, Inns came into being.

Inns were nothing but a shelter by the road where travelers can stop to take rest

and get some food. They would also take care of traveler’s horses while they

rest. This is the time when the seeds of the modern hospitality facility were

planted. What we see today is the growth of the past two millennia. Here’s how

the lodging facilities evolved with time

 DESTINATION MARKETING

ORGANIZATION

A destination marketing organization (DMO) is an organisation which

promotes a location as an attractive travel destination. DMOs are known as

tourist boards, tourism authorities or "Convention and Visitors Bureaux". They

primarily exist to provide information to leisure travellers. Additionally, where

a suitable infrastructure exists, they encourage event organisers to choose their

location for meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions, collectively

abbreviated as MICE.

DMOs are generally tied to the local government infrastructure, often with

supporting funds being generated by specific taxes, such as hotel

taxes, membership fees, and sometimes government subsidies. However, in

many cases, the observed decline in tourism following cutbacks to public-sector

expenditures has motivated the tourism industry to create a private

sector coalition in order to provide the functions of a DMO

 HOSPITALITY

Hospitality is the relationship between a guest and a host, wherein the host

receives the guest with some amount of goodwill, including the reception and

entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis, chevalier de

Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopédie as the virtue of a great soul

that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity.[4] Hospitality is

also the way people treat others, that is, the service of welcoming and receiving

guests for example in hotels. Hospitality plays a fundamental role to augment or

decrease the volume of sales of an organization.

Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality.

In the West today hospitality is rarely a matter of protection and survival and is

more associated with etiquette and entertainment. However, it still involves

showing respect for one's guests, providing for their needs, and treating them as

equals. Cultures and subcultures vary in the extent to which one is expected to

show hospitality to strangers, as opposed to personal friends or members of

one's ingroup
 HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN
THE UNITED KINGDOM
The hospitality industry in the United Kingdom is largely represented by the

country's hotels, pubs, restaurants and leisure companies, and produces around

4% of UK GDP

There are over 207,000 eating venues in England, and around 25% of these are

fast-food outlets.

According to the British Beer and Pub Association, around 8.5 billion pints of

beer were sold, with 7.4 billion 175ml glasses of wine, and 1.2 billion pints of

cider in the UK in 2018. Beer has 54 pence of duty per pint. There are around

2530 breweries in the UK.

In a September 2015 report[1] for the British Hospitality Association (BHA), the

UK industry paid around £41bn in tax; around half of this is VAT. The tax paid

in 2014 was around £7bn higher than that paid in 2010. Overseas visitor

spending in the UK (not including international students) is reckoned to be

around £22bn.
The UK tourist industry is the 8th largest tourism destination in the

world. VisitBritain is responsible for tourists to the UK. In 2014 there were

around 30m overseas visitors to the UK.

It is not one of the larger industries, by GDP, in the UK

Training

The former Hotel and Catering Industry Training Board was formed 7

November 1966[2] and became the Hospitality Training Foundation, which

ultimately became People 1st on 19 May 2004; it is the industry's sector skills

council. In 2002 around eighty National Training Organisations (NTOs) became

around twenty SSCs. The Council for Hospitality Management

Education conversely has an international outlook.

The National Skills Academy for Food & Drink (NSAFD) is at York.[3] The

Institute of Hospitality was known as HCIMA - Hotel and Catering

International Management Association, which became the IoH in April 2007.

The Hotel and Catering Institute was founded in 1949; the professional body

merged with the Institutional Management Association in 1971. Hotel,

Restaurant & Catering (HRC) is a main national event.

Victor Ceserani MBE pioneered catering education in the UK, when he was

head of catering at Ealing College, now part of University of West London; this

had been Acton Hotel and Catering School until 1957 and trained many airline

catering staff; he wrote The Theory of Catering and Practical Cookery, with

Ronald Kinton and David Foskett (academic).

Colleges

Leicester College claim to be the East Midlands leading training school for

catering and food manufacturing. [4] Kendal College also claims to train top

chefs, and also Bournemouth and Poole College.

Universities

The University of Strathclyde had the Scottish Hotel School in the late 1960s.

Strathclyde and the University of Surrey were the first two universities in UK to

have hotel and catering management courses, both at the same time.
Hotels

The Royal National Hotel in Bloomsbury is the fourth-largest hotel in Europe,

and the largest hotel in the UK, with around 1,600 rooms; there are three other

hotels in London with over 1,000 rooms, with another being the Park Plaza

Westminster Bridge.

The 1,019-room Park Plaza Westminster Bridge hotel in April 2011; it is owned

by PPHE Hotel Group, and next to the Thames in Lambeth

The 39-storey Novotel London Canary Wharf (40 Marsh Wall) is the tallest

purpose-built hotel in the UK, at 419 feet; it is the tallest Novotel hotel (owned

by Accor); it opened in April 2017; it has beehives on the 39th floor, which

produce fresh honey for guests; Novotel has thirty three hotels in the UK.

Companies

The Stonegate Pub Company (based close to the M1 in Luton) is the largest pub

group in the UK, after it bought Ei Group in March 2020 for £3 billion.
Before it sold Costa Coffee in January 2019, Whitbread, in Houghton

Regis in Bedfordshire, was the UK's largest hotel and restaurant group,

owning Premier Inn, Brewers Fayre and Beefeater.

Premier Inn was developed and expanded in the 2000s largely during the

leadership of Alan C. Parker, the chief executive of Whitbread.

Compass Group, in Chertsey in Surrey, is the largest

contract foodservice company in the world. Sodexo UK employs around 43,000

people, and Compass Group UK has 45,000.

Workforce

In 2015 the UK hospitality industry employed around 2.9m people – around 9%

of the UK workforce. By employment, it is the UK's fourth-largest industry.

The most jobs in the industry are found in London (around 500,000) and South

East England (around 400,000); 18% of workers in the UK industry are in

London. There are around 1.5m restaurant workers, and around 0.5m work in

hotels.
The Food Safety Act 1990 introduced the training that staff have to follow.

Contingent of EU employees

Around 25% of the hospitality workforce comes from the EU, making up

around 25% of chefs and around 75% of waiting staff.

In 2019, 1 in 50 applicants to Pret a Manger was British.[citation nee

 HOTEL MANAGER

A hotel manager, hotelier, or lodging manager is a person who manages the

operation of a hotel, motel, resort, or other lodging-related

establishment. Management of a hotel operation includes, but is not limited

to management of hotel staff, business management, upkeep and sanitary

standards of hotel facilities, guest satisfaction and customer service, marketing

management, sales management, revenue management, financial

accounting, purchasing, and other functions. The title "hotel manager" or

"hotelier" often refers to the hotel's General Manager who serves as a hotel's

head executive, though their duties and responsibilities vary depending on the

hotel's size, purpose, and expectations from ownership. The hotel's General

Manager is often supported by subordinate department managers that are

responsible for individual departments and key functions of the hotel operation.

Hotel management structure

The size and complexity of a hotel management organizational structure varies

significantly depending on the size, features, and function of the hotel or resort.

A small hotel operation normally may consist of a small core management team

consisting of a Hotel Manager and a few key department supervisors who

directly handle day-to-day operations. On the other hand, a large full-service

hotel or resort complex often operates more similarly to a large corporation with

an executive board headed by the General Manager and consisting of key

directors serving as heads of individual hotel departments. Each department at

the large hotel or resort complex may normally consist of subordinate line-level

managers and supervisors who handle day-to-day operations.

Example of Large/Full Service Hotel or Resort Complex

A typical organizational chart for a large resort hotel operation may often

resemble the following:

General Manager reports to a Regional Vice President and/or

Ownership/Investors

Example for Small/Limited service hotel

A typical organizational chart for a small low-rise hotel operation may resemble

the following:

Hotel Manager reports to Regional Director and/or Ownership/Investors

  General Manager

o Guest Service Manager (Front of House)

o Housekeeping Manager

o Chief Engineer

o Sales & Marketing Manager

o Food & Beverage Manager

o Account Manager

Administrative functions for a small-scale hotel such as Accounting, Payroll,

and Human Resources may normally be handled by a centralized corporate

office or solely by the Hotel Manager. Additional auxiliary functions such as

security may be handled by third-party vendor services contracted by the hotel

on an as-needed basis. Hotel management is necessary to implement standard

operating procedures and actions as well as handling day-to-day operations.

Typical qualifications

The background and training required varies by the type of management

position, size of operation, and duties involved. Industry experience has proven

to be a basic qualification for nearly any management occupation within the

lodging industry. A BS and a MS degree in Hospitality Management/or an

equivalent Business degree is often strongly preferred by most employers in the

industry but not always required.

A higher level graduate degree may be desired for a General Manager type

position, but is often not required with sufficient management experience and

industry tenure. A graduate degree may however be required for a higher level

corporate executive position or above such as a Regional Vice President who

oversees multiple hotel properties and General Managers

 LEISURE INDUSTRY

The leisure industry is the segment of business focused

on recreation, entertainment, sports, and tourism (REST)-related products and

services.

The field has developed to the point of having university degrees and disciplines

focused on it, such as the Cornell University School of Hotel

Administration, Webber, and San Jose State University's departments

of hospitality, recreation and tourism management.[1] Some universities offer

leisure degrees, two of those universities can be found in the Netherlands: the

Breda University of Applied Sciences and the NHLStenden University of

Applied Sciences. Both offers bachelor's in international leisure management,

the latter of which is branded as International Leisure & Events Management.

 GASTRONOMY
Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of

preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of

particular regions, and the science of good eating. [full citation needed] One

who is well versed in gastronomy is called a gastronome, while

a gastronomist is one who unites theory and practice in the study of gastronomy.

Practical gastronomy is associated with the practice and study of the

preparation, production, and service of the various foods and beverages, from

countries around the world. Theoretical gastronomy supports practical

gastronomy. It is related with a system and process approach, focused on

recipes, techniques and cookery books. Food gastronomy is connected with

food and beverages and their genesis. Technical gastronomy underpins practical

gastronomy, introducing a rigorous approach to evaluation of gastronomic

topics