PREDIKSI SOAL UTBK BAHASA INGGRIS

Read the following text and select the correct answer from the choices given!
The “Stand Up for Ukraine” global pledging event and campaign aimed to help
Ukrainians fleeing the Russian invasion has raised more than €10 billion ($10.8 billion)
since its launch on March 26, the European Commission said in a statement Saturday.
From the total funds, €1 billion ($1.087 billion) come from the European
Commission and €1 billion ($1.087 billion) in a loan from the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development to cover the needs of the people displaced by the
violence in and outside Ukraine, according to the statement.
The "Stand Up For Ukraine" online pledging event concludes a broader social
media campaign launched by the European Commission and the government in Canada
that "answers a call for support launched by the President of Ukraine Volodymyr
Zelensky," according to the statement.
“The solidarity of countries, companies and people worldwide offers some light in this
dark hour," EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said in the statement. "We
will continue providing support. And once the bombs have stopped falling, we will help
the people of Ukraine rebuild their country. We will continue to Stand up for Ukraine.”
"Whether it's food, water, shelter, or medical aid – we will continue to have your
backs and provide the assistance you need at this time. We are standing up for Ukraine,"
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said in the statement.

1. What is the topic of the passage?

a. Fundraising for Ukraine through ‘Stand Up for Ukraine’ event
b. Involvement of European Commission in the global pledging event
c. Sources of funds that were gained by the global pledging event
d. The launching of ‘Stand Up for Ukraine’ global pledging event
e. Involvement of European Commission in the global pledging event

Scientists used artificial intelligence (AI) to study the spatial relationships between
main earthquakes and their aftershocks. In tests, AI predicted the aftershock locations
better than the traditional methods that many seismologists use.
In 1992, a series of earthquakes prompted an outbreak of interest among
seismologists. They were trying to map out where exactly an aftershock might occur
based on how a main shock might shift stresses on other faults. After 1992, researchers
began trying to refine the complicated stress change patterns using different criteria. The
most used criterion, the Coulomb failure stress change, depends on fault orientations.
However, stresses can push on the faults from many directions at once. Consequently,
fault orientations is the subsurface can be complicated.
Using AI, the data included more than locations and magnitudes. The data
considered different measures of change in stress on the faults from the quakes. The AI
learned from the data to determine how likely an aftershock was to occur in a specific
place. The team tested how precise the system could pinpoint aftershock locations much
better than the Coulomb failure criterion.
However, the study focuses just on permanent shifts in stress due to a quake.
Aftershocks may also be triggered by a more momentary source of stress. A quake's
rumbling through the ground could produce this kind of stress. Another questions is
whether Al-based forecast system could leap into action quickly enough after a quake.
The predictions in the new study benefited from a lot of information about which faults
slipped and by how much. In the immediate aftermath of a big quake, such data wouldn't
be available for at least a day.

2. Paragraph 3 mainly talks about …

a. Advantages of AI technology in predicting aftershock locations
b. Disadvantages of AI technology in predicting aftershock locations
c. Background of the new approach in seismology
d. How AI technology prompted an outbreak of interest among seismologist
e. the role of AI technology in human daily life activities

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread with alarming speed, infecting millions and bringing
economic activity to a near-standstill as countries imposed tight restrictions on movement
to halt the spread of the virus. As the health and human toll grows, the economic damage
is already evident and represents the largest economic shock the world has experienced
in decades.

The June 2020 Global Economic Prospects describes both the immediate and near-term
outlook for the impact of the pandemic and the long-term damage it has dealt to prospects
for growth. The baseline forecast envisions a 5.2 percent contraction in global GDP in
2020, using market exchange rate weights—the deepest global recession in decades,
despite the extraordinary efforts of governments to counter the downturn with fiscal and
monetary policy support. Over the longer horizon, the deep recessions triggered by the
pandemic are expected to leave lasting scars through lower investment, an erosion of
human capital through lost work and schooling, and fragmentation of global trade and
supply linkages.

The crisis highlights the need for urgent action to cushion the pandemic’s health and
economic consequences, protect vulnerable populations, and set the stage for a lasting
recovery. For emerging market and developing countries, many of which face daunting
vulnerabilities, it is critical to strengthen public health systems, address the challenges
posed by informality, and implement reforms that will support strong and sustainable
growth once the health crisis abates.

The pandemic is expected to plunge most countries into recession in 2020, with per capita
income contracting in the largest fraction of countries globally since 1870. Advanced
economies are projected to shrink 7 percent. That weakness will spill over to the outlook
for emerging market and developing economies, who are forecast to contract by 2.5
percent as they cope with their own domestic outbreaks of the virus. This would represent
the weakest showing by this group of economies in at least sixty years

Every region is subject to substantial growth downgrades. East Asia and the Pacific will
grow by a scant 0.5%. South Asia will contract by 2.7%, Sub-Saharan Africa by 2.8%,
Middle East and North Africa by 4.2%, Europe and Central Asia by 4.7%, and Latin
America by 7.2%. These downturns are expected to reverse years of progress toward
development goals and tip tens of millions of people back into extreme poverty.
Emerging market and developing economies will be buffeted by economic headwinds
from multiple quarters: pressure on weak health care systems, loss of trade and tourism,
dwindling remittances, subdued capital flows, and tight financial conditions amid mounting
debt. Exporters of energy or industrial commodities will be particularly hard hit. The
pandemic and efforts to contain it have triggered an unprecedented collapse in oil
demand and a crash in oil prices. Demand for metals and transport-related commodities
such as rubber and platinum used for vehicle parts has also tumbled. While agriculture
markets are well supplied globally, trade restrictions and supply chain disruptions could
yet raise food security issues in some places.

Even this bleak outlook is subject to great uncertainty and significant downside risks. The
forecast assumes that the pandemic recedes in such a way that domestic mitigation
measures can be lifted by mid-year in advanced economies and later in developing
countries, that adverse global spillovers ease during the second half of 2020, and that
widespread financial crises are avoided. This scenario would envision global growth
reviving, albeit modestly, to 4.2% in 2021.

However, this view may be optimistic. Should COVID-19 outbreaks persist, should
restrictions on movement be extended or reintroduced, or should disruptions to economic
activity be prolonged, the recession could be deeper. Businesses might find it hard to
service debt, heightened risk aversion could lead to climbing borrowing costs, and
bankruptcies and defaults could result in financial crises in many countries. Under this
downside scenario, global growth could shrink by almost 8% in 2020.

Looking at the speed with which the crisis has overtaken the global economy may provide
a clue to how deep the recession will be. The sharp pace of global growth forecast
downgrades points to the possibility of yet further downward revisions and the need for
additional action by policymakers in coming months to support economic activity.

A particularly concerning aspect of the outlook is the humanitarian and economic toll the
global recession will take on economies with extensive informal sectors that make up an
estimated one-third of the GDP and about 70% of total employment in emerging market
and developing economies. Policymakers must consider innovative measures to deliver
income support to these workers and credit support to these businesses.

The June 2020 Global Economic Prospects looks beyond the near-term outlook to what
may be lingering repercussions of the deep global recession: setbacks to potential
output⁠—the level of output an economy can achieve at full capacity and full employment⁠—
and labor productivity. Efforts to contain COVID-19 in emerging and developing
economies, including low-income economies with limited health care capacity, could
precipitate deeper and longer recessions⁠—exacerbating a multi-decade trend of slowing
potential growth and productivity growth. Many emerging and developing economies were
already experiencing weaker growth before this crisis; the shock of COVID-19 now makes
the challenges these economies face even harder.

Another important feature of the current landscape is the historic collapse in oil demand
and oil prices. Low oil prices are likely to provide, at best, temporary initial support to
growth once restrictions to economic activity are lifted. However, even after demand
recovers, adverse impacts on energy exporters may outweigh any benefits to activity in
energy importers. Low oil prices offer an opportunity to oil producers to diversify their
economies. In addition, the recent oil price plunge may provide further momentum to
undertake energy subsidy reforms and deepen them once the immediate health crisis
subsides.

In the face of this disquieting outlook, the immediate priority for policymakers is to address
the health crisis and contain the short-term economic damage. Over the longer term,
authorities need to undertake comprehensive reform programs to improve the
fundamental drivers of economic growth once the crisis lifts.

Policies to rebuild both in the short and long-term entail strengthening health services and
putting in place targeted stimulus measures to help reignite growth, including support for
the private sector and getting money directly to people. During the mitigation period,
countries should focus on sustaining economic activity with support for households, firms
and essential services.

Global coordination and cooperation—of the measures needed to slow the spread of the
pandemic, and of the economic actions needed to alleviate the economic damage,
including international support—provide the greatest chance of achieving public health
goals and enabling a robust global recovery.

3. What is the main information given in the passage?

a. The role of economics in halting the spread of Covid-19
b. Some economics speed regulations to overcome the triggers of Covid-19
c. The impacts of Covid-19 to the economic development around the world
d. The great recessions faced by Americans lead to decrease of tourism activities.
e. The policies to rebuild both in the short and long-term entail strengthening health
services
 Caffeine is in coffee, tea and other products people consume every day, so why
is powdered caffeine dangerous?
On Tuesday (Sept. 1), the Food and Drug Administration announced that it had
issued warning letters to five companies that sell powdered caffeine, saying that their
products pose a "significant or unreasonable risk of illness or injury to consumers.”
Powdered caffeine products are much more potent than caffeine-containing
beverages like coffee, and they're dangerous because it is easy for people to consume a
lethal amount of powdered caffeine, the FDA said.
Just 1 teaspoon of the caffeine powder contains about the same amount of
caffeine as 28 cups of regular coffee, the FDA said.
In fact, 2 teaspoons of powdered caffeine would kill most adults, according to the Centers
for Science in the Public Interest.
"Powdered caffeine is very concentrated," said Henry Spiller, director of Central
Ohio Poison Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital. Most people are so comfortable
with the effects of caffeinated beverages like coffee and soda that they don't realize that
the amount they ingest is just milligrams, Spiller said.
The amount of caffeine in a teaspoon can vary in different powdered caffeine
products, the FDA noted. A teaspoon of some powdered products can have about 5
grams of caffeine; by comparison, a cup of coffee has about 65 to 100 milligrams of
caffeine, Spiller said.
At that level, 1 teaspoon of the powder contains as much caffeine as 50 to 75
cups of coffee.
"This is enormous. This is an overdose," Spiller told Live Science.
Another problem with the powdered products is that consumers usually don't
have the tools to measure a safe dose. The recommended serving size of powdered
caffeine is just 50 milligrams to 200 milligrams — or about one-sixteenth of a teaspoon.
To measure out 50 milligrams of powder using a quarter-teaspoon measuring
spoon, a consumer needs to fill just 6 percent of the spoon, which "cannot be accurately
measured," the FDA said.
"The difference between a safe amount and a toxic dose of caffeine in these pure
powdered products is very small," the agency said.
What's more, the smallest packages of powdered caffeine sold by some of the
companies contain 100 grams of product, which is 2,000 recommended servings. And
some companies sell powdered caffeine in packages of 25 kilograms, which contain up
to 500,000 recommended servings.
High doses of caffeine can cause serious side effects, including increased blood
pressure, a rapid or dangerously erratic heartbeat, seizures and even death, the FDA
said. Two young adults — an 18-year-old in Ohio and a 24-year-old in Georgia — died in
2014 from accidental overdoses of powdered caffeine.
Although it's possible to overdose on caffeine by drinking upward of 50 cups of
coffee, most people would probably stop before this point because they would be
experiencing uncomfortable effects, like nausea or vomiting and a rapid heart rate, Spiller
said. The danger with powdered caffeine is that you take this dose of caffeine all at once,
he said.
4. The passage mainly tells us that ...
a. Coffee is dangerous to our health.
b. Caffeine intake should be controlled.
c. We should avoid caffeine.
d. Some powdered caffeine products are toxic to our health.
e. Companies should stop selling powdered caffeine.

The benefits of fasting must be preceded by a look at the body’s progression

when deprived of food. Due to the lack of incoming energy, the body must turn to its own
resources, a function called autolysis. Autolysis is the breaking down of fat stores in the
body in order to produce energy.
The liver is in charge of converting the fats into a chemical called a ketone body,
and then distributing these bodies throughout the body via the blood stream. The less
one eats, the more the body turns to these stored fats and creates these ketone bodies,
the accumulation of which is referred to as ketosis.
Detoxification is the foremost argument presented by advocates of fasting.
“Detoxification is a normal body process of eliminating or neutralizing toxins through the
colon, liver, kidneys, lungs, lymph glands, and skin. This process is precipitated by fasting
because when food is no longer entering the body, the body turns to fat reserves for
energy.”
A second prescribed benefit of fasting is the healing process that begins in the
body during a fast. During a fast energy is diverted away from the digestive system due
to its lack of use and towards the metabolism and immune system. The healing process
during a fast is precipitated by the body’s search for energy sources. Abnormal growths
within the body, tumors and the like, do not have the full support of the body’s supplies
and therefore are more susceptible to autolysis.
In addition, there is a reduction in core body temperature. This is a direct result
of the slower metabolic rate and general bodily function. Following a drop in blood sugar
level and using the reserves of glucose found in liver glycogen, the basal metabolic rate
is reduced in order to conserve as much energy within the body as can be provided.
Growth hormones are also released during a fast, due to the greater efficiency in hormone
production.
Finally, the most scientifically proven advantage to fasting is the feeling of
rejuvenation and extended life expectancy. Part of this phenomenon is caused by a
number of the benefits mentioned above. A slower metabolic rate, more efficient protein
production, an improved immune system, and the increased production of hormones
contribute to this long term benefit of fasting. In addition to the Human Growth Hormone
that is released more frequently during a fast, an anti-aging hormone is also produced
more efficiently.

5. The main purpose of the text is to ...

a. Discuss the effect of fasting
b. Present suggestion for fasting
c. Describe the benefits of fasting
d. Suggest methods of fasting
 e. Inform readers about fasting

Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides,
and other air pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid
rain may have a pH value as low as 2.8.
Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for
example, have lost all fish and plant life because of acid rain.
Acid rain comes from sulphur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulphur
dioxide (SO2). Most sulphur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulphur dioxide
(SO2) and most nitrogen is also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO 2), both
of which are gases. The gases may be dry deposited—absorbed directly by the land, by
lakes or by the surface vegetation. If they are in the atmosphere for any time, the gases
will oxidise (gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4)
and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3). The acids usually dissolve in cloud
droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated as acid rain. Catalysts
such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone and ammorium help promote the formation of acids in
clouds. More ammonium (NH4) can be formed when some of the acids are partially
neutralized by airborne ammonia (NH3). Acidication increases with the number of active
hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by for example, car exhausts
will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone. Although it is invaluable in the
atmosphere, low level ozone causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation
of acid rain. When acid rain falls on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals
and aluminium (Al). When it is washed into lakes, alumunium irritates the outer surfaces
of many fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake falls. Forests suffer
the effect of acid rain through damage to leaves, through the loss of vital nutrients, and
through the increased amounts of toxic metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and
soil microorganisms.

6. The main purpose of the writer is …

a. To report the acid rain in general
b. To explain the process of acid rain.
c. To persuade the reader to prevent acid rain.
d. To discuss the danger of acid rain in the air.
e. To present two different opinion on acid rain process.

Healthy eating is not about strict dietary limitations, staying unrealistically thin, or
depriving yourself of the foods you love. Rather, it is about feeling great, having more
energy, improving your outlook, and stabilizing your mood. If you feel overwhelmed by all
the conflicting nutrition and diet advice out there, you are not alone. It seems that for every
expert who tells you a certain food is good for you, you will find another saying exactly
the opposite. But by using these simple tips, you can cut through the confusion and learn
how to create a tasty, varied, and healthy diet that is as good for your mind as it is for
your body.
We all know that eating right can help maintain a healthy weight and avoid certain
health problems, but your diet can also have a profound effect on your mood and sense
of well-being. Studies have linked eating a typical western diet - filled with processed
meats, packaged meals, takeout food, and sugary snacks - with higher rates of
depression, stress, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Eating an unhealthy diet may even play
a role in the development of mental health disorder such as ADHD, Alzheimer's disease,
and schizophrenia, or in the increased risk of suicide in young people.
Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, cooking meals at home, and reducing your intake
of sugar and refined carbohydrates, on the other hand, may help to improve mood and
lower your risk for mental health problems. If you have already been diagnosed with a
mental health problem, eating well can even help to manage your symptoms and regain
control of your life.
While some specific foods or nutrients have been shown to have a beneficial effect
on mood, it is your overall dietary pattern that is most important. That means switching to
a healthy diet does not have to be an all or nothing proposition. You do not have to be
perfect, and you do not have to completely eliminate foods you enjoy to have a healthy
diet and make a difference to the way you think and feel.

7. What is the author's attitude toward the topic of the passage?

a. Decisive
b. Optimistic
c. Ambitious
d. Motivated
e. Considerate

Planting a garden is a lot like having a family. A plant becomes dependent on the gardener
and begs for water on a hot summer day. Gardeners also have to clean up the space
around their plants as they shed spent petals, as they require pruning, and as they
become choked with weeds. Gardeners also provide for the health of their plants through
insecticide and fertilizer applications. A gardener’s responsibility for his or her plants
lessens as they die at the end of the season or they go into winter dormancy. Like
gardeners, parents find their children dependent upon them for food and nourishment.
Like gardeners, parents are constantly picking up after their children, as toys and clothes
are scattered throughout the house. Like gardeners, parents provide for the nourishment
and well-being of their Accuplacer Reading Review children with vitamin supplements,
food, and medicines. However, unlike gardeners, parents will find that their responsibility
lessens as the child grows, but it does not come to an end.

8. The organizational pattern of the passage is ….

a. cause and effect
b. chronological
c. problem and solution
d. order of importance
e. compare and contrast
Forests have the ability to regulate water systems, prevent erosion and flood, and
maintain soil fertility. The ability of forests is inseparable from the existence of millions
and even billions of trees in a forest area. Trees only store water for their own needs, and
the land saves water.

Billions of trees with their wide canopies will hold back rain. In this position, rain water
does not directly hit the soil surface, but will fall slowly through the leaves and flow through
the tree trunk. Then, the soil surface filled with tree trunks will produce quite a lot of litter
originating from organic materials in the forms of leaf and dry twigs. Dramatically, littering
is heading towards the decay process. The organic materials are collected on the soil
surface.

9. The word 'dramatically' in paragraph 2 is best replaced by ....

A. gradually
B. naturally
C. amazingly
D. surprisingly
E. simultaneously

Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century in America had been largely
religious and moral in tone, by the latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that
was coming to life in the colonies began to be reflected in the literature of the time, which
in turn served to further influence the population. Although not all writers of this period
supported the Revolution, the two best-known and most influential writers, Ben Franklin
and Thomas Paine, were both strongly supportive of that cause.

Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his writings in his brother's
newspaper, the New England Current. In these articles he used a simple style of language
and common sense argumentation to defend the point of view of the farmer and the
Leather Apron man. He continued with the same common sense practicality and appeal
to the common man with his work on Poor Richard's Almanac from 1733 until 1758. Firmly
established in his popular acceptance by the people, Franklin wrote a variety of extremely
effective articles and pamphlets about the colonist's revolutionary cause against England.

Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine editor in Philadelphia at the

time of the Revolution. His pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared in 1776, was a
force in encouraging the colonists to declare their independence from England. Then
throughout the long and desperate war years he published a series of Crisis papers (from
1776 until 1783) to encourage the colonists to continue on with the struggle. The
effectiveness of his writing was probably due to his emotional yet oversimplified depiction
of the cause of the colonists against England as a classic struggle of good and evil.

10. Which of the following can best replace the word “fervor” (paragraph 3)?
a. war
b. anxiety
c. spirit
d. action
e. doer