MLSP111; WEEK 11: TECHNICAL STANDARDS & MIN REQ, MT EDUC,
CODE OF ETHICS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
I. STAFFING
1. The Clinical Laboratory shall be managed by a licensed
physician certified by the Philippine Board of Pathology.
2. Shall employ qualified and adequately train personnel. Work
assignment shall be consistent with the qualification of the
concerned personnel.
3. There shall be staff development and appropriate continuing
education program available at all levels of organization to
upgrade the knowledge, attitudes and skills of staff.
II. PHYSICAL FACILITIES
1. The clinical laboratory shall be well–ventilated, adequately
lighted, clean and safe.
2. The working space shall be sufficient to accommodate its
activities and allow for smooth and coordinated work flow.
3. There shall be an adequate water supply.
4. The working space for all categories of clinical laboratories
shall have at least the following measurements:
CATEGORY SPACE IN SG.
M
Primary 10
Secondary 20
Tertiary 60
III. EQUIPMENT/INSTRUMENTS
1. There shall be provisions for sufficient number and types of
appropriate equipment/instruments in order to undertake all the
activities and laboratory examinations. This equipment shall
comply with safety requirements.
2. For other laboratory examinations being performed, the
appropriate equipment necessary for performing such
procedures shall be made available.
IV. GLASSWARES/ REAGENTS/SUPPLIES
 All categories of clinical laboratories shall provide adequate and
appropriate glassware, reagents and supplies necessary to
undertake the required services.
V. WASTE MANAGEMENT
 There shall be provisions for adequate and efficient disposal of
waste following guidelines of the Department of Health and the
local government.
VI. QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM
1. Internal Quality - Control Program
a. There shall be a documented, continuous competency
assessment program for all laboratory personnel.
b. The program shall provide appropriate and standard
laboratory methods, reagents & supplies and equipment.
c. There shall be a program for the proper maintenance and
monitoring of all equipment.
d. The program shall provide for the use of quality control
reference materials.
2. External Quality Control Program
 All clinical laboratories shall participate in an External Quality
Assurance Program given by designated National Reference
Laboratories and/or other recognized reference laboratories.
 A satisfactory performance rating given by a National
Reference Laboratory shall be one of the criteria for the renewal
of license.
 Any refusal to participate in an External Quality Assurance
Program given by the designated National Reference
Laboratories shall be one of the bases for suspension/revocation
of the license of the laboratory
VII. REPORTING
1. All laboratory reports on various examinations of specimens shall
bear the name of the registered medical technologists and the
Pathologist and duly signed by both.
2. No person in the clinical laboratory shall issue a report, orally or
in writing, whole or portions, thereof without a directive from the
Pathologist or his authorized associate to the requesting physician
or his authorized representative except in emergency cases when
the results may be released as authorized by the Pathologist.
VIII. RECORDING
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1. There shall be an adequate and effective system of recording
requests and reports of all specimens submitted and
examined.
2. There shall be provisions for filing, storage and accession of
all reports.
3. All laboratory records shall be kept on file for at
least__________.
IX. LABORATORY FEES
1. The rates shall be within the range of the usual fees prevailing
at the time and the particular place
2. Professional services rendered to the patient in the
performance of special procedures or examinations shall be
charged separately and not included in the laboratory fee/s
Sections of the Clinical Laboratory
TEST FUNCTION
FBS. HbA1c Diagnosis of diabetes
Trigylcerides, Total Cholesterol, Lipid Profile
HDL and LDL
ALT, AST, TP, Albumin Liver Function Test
BUA, BUN, Creatinine Kidney Function test
Others Electrolytes, Clinical
enzymology
 Clinical Chemistry – Testing of blood and other body fluids to
quantify essential soluble chemicals
- Blood and urine are the two most common body fluids
subjected for analyses in this section
 Microbiology – Bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, virology
- - Specimen submitted: blood and other body fluids, stool,
tissues, and swabs
- Automated instruments are available such as those used for
blood culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
 Hematology and Coagulation Studies
- Specimen submitted: blood and other body fluids (CSF,
pleural fluid, etc.)
- Automated hematology analyzers are currently available in
the market.
- Bone marrow examination using automated analyzers is
also conducted in this section
 Clinical Microscopy – Specimen submitted: stool, urine and
other body fluids
Two major areas:
 1st: macroscopic examination (determination of
color, transparency, specific gravity and pH level),
microscopic examination (detection of the presence of
abnormal cells and/or parasites and to quantify red
cells and WBC and other chemicals found in urine).
 2nd: examination of stool or routine fecalysis
 Blood Bank/ Immunohematology - Considered to be most
critical in the clinical laboratory
- Blood typing and compatibility testing are two main
activities performed
- Blood Donation Activities à donor recruitment and
screening, bleeding of donor and post donation
 Immunology and Serology
- Analysis of serum antibodies in certain infectious agents
(primarily viral agents) are performed in this section
 Histopathology/Cytology
- Tissue processing, cutting into sections, staining and
preparation for microscopic examination by pathologist
Laboratory Testing Cycle
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 MLSP111; WEEK 11: TECHNICAL STANDARDS & MIN REQ, MT EDUC,
CODE OF ETHICS
 Explicitly state outcomes (knowledge, skills) the learners/
students have to achieve and learn through the use of planned
instructional process
 Consists of planned process of measurement, assessment and
evaluation to gauge student learning
 Designed for students’

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUM

Quality Assurance in Clinical Laboratory
 It is organized, systematic, well planned, and regularly done with
the results properly documented and consistently viewed.
Two major components:
Internal Quality Assurance
System
- Day-to-day activities that are
undertaken in order to control
factors or variables that may
affect test results.
 CHED- the government agency under the office of the President
of the Philippines that covers institutions of higher education both
for public and private. Under CHED is the Technical Committee
for Medical technology Education
 Technical Committee for Medical technology Education-
composed of leading academicians and practitioners responsible
for assisting the Commission in setting standards among
institutions offering Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/
Medical Laboratory Science program and in monitoring and
evaluating such institutions.
 BSMT/BSMLS- consists of general education and professionals
courses that students are expected to complete within the first
three years. fourth year-
 CHED memorandum order (CMO) No. 13 series of 2017-
contains the goals, program outcomes, performance indicators and
the minimum course offerings of the BSMT/ BSMLS program.
External Quality Assurance
Prescribed minimum number of units per course:
System
 One unit of lecture is equivalent to one hour of class meeting
- A system for checking
every week;
performance among clinical
 3- unit lecture course renders 3 hours of class meeting per week
laboratories and is facilitated
 One unit of laboratory is equivalent to three hours of class
by designated external
meeting every week.
agencies.
 Note: in the MT/MLS curriculum, the policy of taking
- NRL is the DOH designated
prerequisites for some courses is followed.
EQAS

NRL-EQAS:
 National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI)- Hematology
and Coagulation
 Research Institute of Tropical Medicine (RITM)- Microbiology
(identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing) and
Parasitology (identification of ova and quantitation of malaria)
 Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP)- Clinical Chemistry (for
testing 10 analytes, namely glucose, creatinine, total protein,
albumin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid cholesterol, sodium,
potassium, and chloride.)
 East Avenue Medical Center (EAMC)- Drugs of Abuse
(methamphetamine and cannabinoids)
 San Lazaro Hospital STD-AIDS Cooperative Center Laboratory
(SACCL)- infectious immunology hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis C
virus (HCV)
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY/ CLINICAL
LABORATORY SCIENCE EDUCATION
DEFINITION OF CURRICULUM
 GLOSARRY OF EDUCATIONAL REFORMS- refers to the
knowledge and skills students are expected to learn, which
include the learning standards or learning objectives they are
expected to meet and other methods used to evaluate student
learning.
 Refers to the means and materials with which the students interact
for the purpose of achieving identified educational outcomes.
 JOHN DEWEY- it is the continuous reconstruction, moving
from the child’s present experience out into that represented by
the organized bodies of truth that we call studies… the various
studies… are themselves experience- they are that of the race.
 INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- refers to the
planned interaction of students with instructional content,
materials, resources and processes for evaluating the attainment of
educational objectives.
 Is systematic and organized
PROFESSIONAL COURSES
 PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1- its
emphasis is on the curriculum, practice of the profession, clinical
laboratories, continuing professional education, biosafety
practices and waste management
 PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2-
clinical laboratory assistance encompasses the concepts and
principles of the different assays performed in clinical laboratory.
 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MT/MLS- it
emphasize the promotion of community, public, and
environmental health and the immersion and interaction of
students with people in the community.
 CYTOGENETICS- focused on the study of the concepts and
principles of heredity and inheritance which include genetic
phenomena, sex determination, and genetic defects rooted in
inheritance, among others.
 HUMAN HISTOLOGY- deals with the study of the fundamentals
of cells, tissues and organs with emphasis on microscopic
structures, characteristics, differences, and functions.
 HISTOPATHOLOGIC TECHNIQUES with CYTOLOGY-
covers basic concepts and principles of disease processes,
etiology, and the development of anatomic, microscopic changes
brought about by the disease process.
 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY- emphasis on the collection of
specimen and the isolation and identification of bacteria. It also
covers antimicrobials susceptibility testing and development of
resistance to antimicrobial substance
 CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY- it emphasis on the
pathophysiology, epidemiology, life cycle , prevention and
control and the identification of ova and/or adult worms and other
forms seen in specimens submitted for diagnostic purposes.

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 MLSP111; WEEK 11: TECHNICAL STANDARDS & MIN REQ, MT EDUC,
CODE OF ETHICS
 IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD BANK- tackles the
concepts of inheritance, characterization, and laboratory
identification of red cell antigens and their corresponding
antibodies. It also covers the application of theses antigens and/or
antibodies in transfusion medicine and transfusion reaction work-
up
 MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY- deals with the study of fungi
and viruses as agents of diseases with emphasis on epidemiology,
laboratory identification and characterization, and prevention and
control
 LABORATORY MANAGEMENT- looks into concepts of
laboratory management which are planning, organizing, staffing,
directing and controlling as applied in clinical laboratory setting.
 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY LAWS and BIOETHICS –
encompasses various laws, administrative orders and other
approved legal documents related to the practice of Medical
Technology/ Medical Laboratory Science in the Philippines.
- Bioethics-study of ethics as applied to health and health
care delivery and to human life in general
 HEMATOLOGY 1- emphasis on the formation, metabolism of
cells , laboratory assays, correlation with pathologic conditions
and special hematology evaluation
 HEMATOLOGY 2- deals with the concepts and principles of
hemostasis, and abnormalities involving red blood cells (RBC),
white blood cells (WBC), and platelets. Its emphasis is on
Laboratory identification of blood cell abnormalities, quantitative
measurement of coagulation factors, and disease correlation.
 CLINICAL MICROSCOPY- focuses on the study of urine and
other body fluids. It includes discussion of their formation,
laboratory analyses, disease processes, and clinical correlation of
laboratory results.
 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1- encompasses the concepts and
principles of physiologically active soluble substances and waste
materials present in body fluids, particularly in the blood. It also
includes formation, laboratory analyses, reference values and
clinical correlation with pathologic conditions.
 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2- deals with concepts and principles
of physiologically active soluble substances and waste materials
present in body fluids, particularly in the blood.
 SEMINARS 1 and 2- deals with the current laboratory analyses
used in the practice of medical technology.
 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY and DIAGNOSTICS- deals with the
nucleic acids and protein molecule interaction within the cell to
promote proper growth, cell division, and development.
 RESEARCH COURSES
 RESEARCH 1- deals with the basic concepts and principles of
research as applied in Medical Technology/ Clinical Laboratory
Science
 RESEARCH 2- covers the methodology of the research, writing
the research paper in format prescribed by the institution and
international research agencies for possible publication, and
presentation of the finished and completed research in the formal
forum.
CLINICAL INTERNSHIP TRANING
 Aims to apply the theoretical aspects of the profession into
practice.
 Students are assigned to CHED - accredited clinical
laboratories affiliated with their academic institution on a 6
month or one-year rotation
 Intern is required to render 32 hours of duty per week not
exceeding a total of 1,664 hours in a year.
 The academic institution is required to conduct an orientation
to prospective interns regarding the policies and guidelines on
internship training
LICENSURE EXAMINATION
 PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION (PRC)-
tasked to administer licensure examinations to different
proffesionals
 PROFESSIONAL REGULATORY BOARD (PRB)- tasked to
prepare the written licensure examinations for graduates qualified
to take the examination.
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 Medical Technology Licensure Examination- given twice a year,
on the months of March and August
REQUIREMENTS FOR PASSING THE LICENSURE
EXAMINATION:
 Receive a general weighted average of 75%
 Have no rating below 50% in any major courses,
 Pass in at least 60% of the courses computed according to their
relative weights.
 AGE RESTRICTION
 FAILURE TO PASS THE LICENSURE EXAMINATION
 A GENERAL WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF 70-74%PROGRAM
GOALS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
 state the knowledge, skills, values and ethics that graduates of
the program should demonstrate.
 result in competent and skillful professionals who are ready to
skillfully perform the tasks of the profession
The program outcomes of the BSMT/BSMLS degree expects students
to:
1. Demonstrate knowledge and technical skills needed to
correctly perform laboratory testing and ensure reliability of
the result
 Knowledge- comprise of facts, information, and concepts
acquired through experience and education
 Technical skills- relate to the psychomotor domain of
learning
2. Be endowed with the professional attitude and values
enabling them to work with their colleagues and other
members of the health care delivery system. - deals with his
or her motivation to further improve himself or herself, how
she/he reacts to criticism, rejection and praise;
3. Demonstrate critical thinking and problem solving skills
when confronted with situations, problems and conflicts in
the practice of their profession
 Critical thinking- is the ability of an individual to
objectively and systematically analyze, without bias, facts
and information to come up with reasonable decisions and
to guide behavior.
 Problem solving- detailed analysis of the problem at hand
by focusing on present facts and information before
making a decision.
 Decision making- entails one’s ability to gather and
synthesize facts , information and opinions about the
problem at hand.
4. Actively participate in self- directed life long learning
activities to be updated with the current trends in the
profession.
- MT/MLS practice involves a state of constant learning and
re learning to efficiently carry out the responsibilities and
accountabilities of being a medical technology professional
- Take part in training programs, workshops, and even enroll
in graduate programs related to the profession
5. Actively participate in research and community-oriented
activities.
 Research- is a systematic and organized study of materials
to come up with new conclusions or to establish facts. It
involves experimentation and gathering and analyzing
data to solve a problem or reach conclusion.
6. Be endowed with leadership skills - a leader is someone who has
excellent communication skills, motivates and inspires others and
is not afraid to develop others who may end up better than him or
her.
7. Demonstrate collaboration, teamwork, integrity, and respect
when working in a multicultural environment
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 MLSP111; WEEK 11: TECHNICAL STANDARDS & MIN REQ, MT EDUC,
CODE OF ETHICS
 Collaboration- working together with multiple individuals and
finding a common ground to work toward achieving a set goal.
 Teamwork- working with people you disagree with but coming
to terms with such disagreements by sharing a common goal.
ASSESSMENT
 involves a planned, systematic and organized way of testing,
measuring, collecting and obtaining necessary information to gain
feedback on students’ progress.
FUNCTIONS OF ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES:
1. Provides feedback on the progress of students
2. Identifies flaws and deficiencies in the psychomotor skills,
theoretical knowledge and conceptual skills of the student
3. Diagnostic tool to determine the capabilities of students
4. Serves as a motivation to further improve a student’s skills
5. Provides information on students’ response to a particular
learning strategy
6. Provides information to the teacher if there is a need to improve
teaching and learning strategies
7. It determines the demonstratable changes in the attitude and
behavior of students
8. Determines whether learning has taken place
TYPES OF ASSESSMENT:
 Formative Assessment- a planned process in which assessment
elicit evidence of students’ status is used by a teacher to adjust
their ongoing instructional procedures or by students to adjust
their current learning tactics
 Summative Assessment- this is done at the end of instruction,
grading period, or comprehensive examination. Information
gathered from this type of assessment can be used to know how
well each student learned the tasks or how well the students
attained the learning outcomes.
 Diagnostic Assessment- this is used to gauge what students
already know and do not know about the topic at hand.
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
1. Teacher- made written tests - written tests include quizzes, long
exams, term exams, and comprehensive exams.
2. Reflection papers - it requires the ability to put ideas, facts and
opinions in writing in an organized, direct and understandable
manner.
3. Portfolios - a tool for assessing student’s mastery of skills
through a collection of outputs that show their progress at the
end of the course program
4. Performance tasks - measures the attainment of psychomotor
skills necessary for the correct performance of practical
procedures In the laboratory.
5. Oral examinations and presentations assessment tools that
gauge competency through oral communication skills
6. Rubrics - evaluates the work of students based on a particular
criteria
JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE GRADUATE OF THE
PROGRAM
1. Medical Technologist/clinical laboratory scientist in a hospital-
based or non-hospital-based clinical laboratory
2. Histotechnologist in an anatomical laboratory
3. Researcher/ research scientist
4. Member of the academe
5. Perfusionist
6. Molecular scientist
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7. Diagnostic product specialist
8. Public health practitioner
9. Health care leader
PRACTICE IN THE FOLLOWING FIELDS:
 Molecular biology
 Public health and Epidemiology
 Veterinary Laboratory Science
 Food and Industrial Microbiology
 Veterinary Science
 Forensic Science
 Nuclear Medicine/ Science
 Health Facility Administration and Management
 Quality Management
Board of Medical Technology
Code of Ethics
As I enter into the practice of Medical Technology, I shall accept the
responsibilities inherent to being a professional; I shall uphold the law
and shall not engage in illegal work or cooperate with anyone so
engaged; I shall avoid associating or being identified with any
enterprise of questionable character;
I shall work and act in a strict spirit of fairness to employer, clients,
contractors, employees and in a spirit of personal helpfulness and
fraternity toward other members of the profession;
I shall use only honorable means of competition for professional
employment or services and shall refrain form unfairly injuring, directly
or indirectly, the professional reputation, projects or business of a
fellow medical technologist; I shall accept employment from more than
one employer only when there in no conflict of interest;
I shall perform professional work in a manner that merits full
confidence and trust carried out with absolute reliability, accuracy,
fairness and honesty; I shall review the professional work of
other medical technologists, when requested, fairly and in confidence
whether they are subordinates or employees, authors of proposals for
grants or contracts, authors of technical papers or other publications or
involved in litigation;
I shall advance the profession by exchanging general information and
experience with fellow medical technologists and other professionals
and by contributing to the work of professional organizations;
I shall restrict my praises, criticisms, views and opinions within
constructive limits and shall not use the knowledge I know for selfish
ends; I shall treat any information I acquired about individuals in
the course of my work as strictly confidential, and may be divulged
only to authorized persons or entities or
with consent of the individual when necessary;
I shall report any infractions of these principles of professional conduct
to the authorities responsible of enforcement of applicable laws or
regulations, or to the Ethics Committee of the Philippine Association of
Medical Technologists as may be appropriate.
To these principles, I hereby subscribe and pledge to conduct myself at
all times in a manner befitting the dignity of my profession.
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