JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023

January-February 2023 | www.fsai.in/journals

Security
Serene Opening Ceremony of
FIST Awards ‘22 at Mumbai automation &
Cyber crime
Safeguards
Visit FSAI

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FIRE & SECURITY ASSOCIATION OF INDIA (FSAI)

 JAN-FEB 2023

21
THEMATIC

Mr. Chetan Anand

Cybercrime Safeguards

25
THEMATIC

Ms. Dulumani Choudhury

Data Centre Security

27
THEMATIC

Mr. Sunil Sadasivan

Stay Safe at Cyber Space

30 Mr. Jitendra Singh

Fire Safety in Museum, Libraries and Archives

33
THEMATIC

Mr. Erphan S Desai

Staircase Pressurization System

39 Mr. Gopakumar A Panicker

Cold Room / Dep Freze Warehouse Fires - Risk and Challenges

Ms. Birgitte messerschmidt

Big Plans

Publisher
Fire & Security Association
Hemant Khadse, Vice Chair.
hemant@eastcorpgroup.com
46
Executive Editor
KNK Murthy
of India
Sekhar Dey murthy@fsai.in
Managing Editor sekhar_fire@yahoo.co.in
Marketing Co-ordination
Ajit Raghavan Skanda Prasad A.
a.skandaprasad@honeywell.com Renu Saldanha
president@fsai.in
+91 98440 05709 | renu@fsai.in
Tiwari T.
Editorial Board Kishore Mahesh
ttiwari@dds-security.com
Pankaj Tiwari, Chair. +91 70009 76514 | media@fsai.in
Sunny Mathew
pankajstipl@gmail.com
amsunny5@gmail.com Design Team
Iswar Iyer, Vice Chair.
Suresh RS
iswar29@yahoo.co.in
Harshavardan Rao

www.fsai.in
 JAN-FEB 2023

Mr. Sanjay Jude Nathan

Material Composition of Ball Valves
47
50 Fire Protection System within a Road Tunnel
Mr. Varun Tiwari

Mr. Suresh Sabnis

Case Study Narrative on Fire Incidents
53
57 Ms. Sujal Shah
FOREWORD…

Ms. Sonia Agarwal Konjeti

Special Interactive Session
58
61 Dr. HaRsha Joshi
Special Interactive Session

Know your National Team.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18

NEW Women Committee members of Pune Chapter,..............................................................................................................................................................................66

Question / Answer Debate CorneR...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................68

National & Chapter level Activity report..........................................................................................................................................................................................................69

Listing of upcoming themes ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................78

QUIZ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................83

www.fsai.in
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From the President

Dear Members,
Heartiest greetings to all!
It is a feeling of great delight to reach out to one and all from the FSAI fraternity through this year’s first Journal
edition. Looking back at the 20 years of FSAI’s presence among the society its contributions have always been
a mixed bag. They encompassed certain novel initiatives, organizing of annual flagship events, execution
of a galore of regular promotional activities with regularity, conducting interactive sessions/ panel reviews/
seminars, offering a variety of training programs, health care service (especially blood donation camps in
addition to few specific contributions during the peak spells of COVID pandemic) etc. Our main objectives
have always been to put in best possible efforts towards Fire cum life safety and security relevant facilitation
efforts covering large cross section of society. Ultimately these are all just baby steps in the run up to the
realisation of “Surakshit Bharat” concept – brick by brick.
A number of goals set in the 2022 time table could be fairly achieved. More are to be accomplished. 2023
and beyond need to be poised in this direction. Looking at the fire safety cum security concerns, there is a
dire need to extend more of result - oriented efforts. In this regard, a specific campaign to popularize the
FSAI Surakha Index auditing and rating by experts is on the anvil. This includes selection of identified talents,
imparting of focussed training and getting them accredited by our association. With ref. to specialized training
to prospective auditors, we had also set up MOU’s with international organizations like NFPA, FIA etc., At their
behest the programs are being held in India to suit our convenience and that too on affordable rates through
discounts in the fee structure. Through this column let me appeal to all stakeholders to get in touch with our
Suraksha index core group and gather more details as well as offer suggestions if any for promoting this noble
mission. You are the real torch bearers! In fact, we have included three scholarly articles on ‘cyber security’ in
this edition.
Serious Fire occurrences and stray cases of Security related sad incidents continue to occur. In
one of the recent fires, two senior citizens (among the women group) lost their lives at
an ‘old age occupancy’ (high rise building) in Greater Kailash area of Delhi. This
had been a heart - breaking episode. Yes, the brave firefighters continue to do
excellent job. Specifically in the above case, they rescued and saved a number
of residents. Besides there are also stories of people falling prey to domestic/
societal related physical violence, mental torture, extortion cybercrimes/ thefts
etc., More outreach to the vulnerable sections of the society and efforts to put in
behavioural as well as cultural changes among public at large are warranted. In
this context, FSAI has already commenced the execution of “meet and greet”
programs with the Chennai chapter organizing a maiden visit to an elderly
group’s villa , organizing get together and conducting a program related
to natural therapy cure. I urge other regions/ chapters to get imbibed and
organize more such activities.
Your suggestions and/or valuable advices are being sought on how to
strengthen the confidence of level citizens. This is in relation to taking a lead
on networking when it comes to Fire safety, loss prevention as well as
security enhancement and make them feel more secured.
Before signing out let me make an earnest
request to all to be part of the upcoming first
mega event of the year – PACC’23 at Kochi
between 2nd 5th March. Please register your
nominations and block the dates
Wishing you all the very best,

With warm regards

Ajit Raghavan
President – FSAI
 From the
Chairman’s Desk
Dear Friends,
At the outset, my heartiest greetings to all!
I feel immensely duty bound and humble in presenting the first journal edition of 2023. Incidentally during the past two
decades of service to the society by FSAI, this official media segment has been able to play a fair amount of complementary
role. This is by way of reaching out to the readers who constitute the whole membership fraternity. In this regard we are
indebted to each one of you for offering inspirational support all through. Besides we are exceptionally thankful to a galaxy
of 200 authors who had adorned the columns of past 37 bi-monthly editions (few of them contributing in successive
issues). They also include a number of speakers in events like PACC, IFSE, IFSY, Webinars who gracefully converted their
presentations into articles and shared with us. Accordingly, as many as 270 scholarly write-ups have been covered till date.
In addition, let me gratefully acknowledge the patronage extended by a number of sponsors with sustainability. In fact,
some of them have been exceptionally motivational by sharing product development specific Case studies in addition to
special narratives in the recently introduced “Market Buzz” segment.
Based on the fair level of satisfaction achieved so far, the resolution for the new year and beyond is aimed at crossing new
milestones along the route map. Here continual improvement on content quality and reader delight come first. There is
always scope for further improvement in Design, Layout, Aesthetics, Illustrative aspects etc., Material coverage needs to be
complemented through variety in relation to specialized/ modern /advanced attributes pertaining to the domains of Fire
cum life safety, security and automation. More articles and published research papers from veterans and/or members of
our student chapters and affiliated Skill development centres would definitely provide value addition. The chapter activity
coverages need to progress further and that too seamlessly. We are confident that with better networking with readers, more
feedbacks would be forthcoming from them. We also eagerly look forward to more proactive
participation in the Question/ Answer and Quiz contest segments.
It is very happy to note that the Women’s column (‘Chetna – Arena for Surakshit
Naari”) has resumed from this edition with the coordinated efforts of their newly
constituted National and Chapter level CWC teams.
In conclusion, let me mention about two overwhelming pieces of information
which had recently appeared in the National media and mostly known to our
readers.
a) The timely response and action by a State transport bus driver and conductor
had been instrumental in the timely rescue and saving the life of Mr. Rishabh
Pant, National cricketer in the aftermath of an accident and subsequent fire
which destroyed his car while he was driving along near Roorkee.
b) A six years’ old girl Veerangana Adityasinh Jhala of Ahmedabad alerted 60
residents of her apartment immediately on noticing a fire incident and all of
them could escape out without any injury. In fact, they were caught unaware
about the incident which occurred in the flat at around 10.30 pm. She won the
“Bravery Award” at this year’s Republic day celebrations in Delhi.
Let’s feel proud about these brave hearts cum saviours and emulate
them as they stand up as role models to every other citizen of
this country!
Wishing the very best to all.

Yours Sincerely,

Pankaj Tiwari
Chairman – FSAI Journal
EDITOR’S PAGE

Dear Readers,
Welcome back
The New year Special edition of FSAI Journal is here.
The Journey of the publication has entered its 8th year, a land mark duly to be cherished. Over the period, we
have been taking utmost care while serving the members by providing them with a fairly good quality of reading
material. In fact, our expert author fraternity strength has also grown up gradually with the figure touching 200
as on date.
‘Back-to-back’ release of bi -monthly editions with least interruption has been another hallmark of our efforts.
With every issue featuring one theme (at time two), the published article bank has a set of around 280 contents
(110 in thematic and the rest generic). Those willing to view any of the previous articles can access them at our
website www.fsai.in/journals. For additional information please get in touch with me on the contact details
which appear regularly below content listing page.
Hope the following menu featured in this edition would help sensitize the minds all stakeholders representing
different walks of life and inspire them to offer feedback pertaining content coverage quality upgradation,
better designing and delightful appeal.
I: Thematic: As we all know, day to day hectic work schedules as well as concerns of commuting to
workplaces and back are surrounded with number of safety as well as security aspects. Besides, safeguarding
against cybercrimes is also the need of the hour. Accordingly, there are two thematic articles in this segment
contributed by M/S. Sunil Sadasivan, Chetan Anand and Ms. Dulumani Choudhury. The information
covered therein address most modern security automation aspects.
II: Generic. Related contents are:
¡ Fire safety in the Built Environment over the next decade by Birgitte Messerschmidt (NFPA Journal
abstract)
¡ Fire safety protection in Museums, Libraries and Archives (Dr. Jitendra Singh, Consultant and Sr.
Auditor)
¡ Stair case pressurization for fire escape (Mr. Erphan Desai, Fire safety Consultant/Trainer). Serious Fire
accidents related data over the years at pan India level (Mr. Suresh Sabnis, Govt. accredited “qualified
safety officer’)
¡ Fire Safety in Cold storages (Mr. Gopakumar A Panicker, Fire Protection & MEP Consultant)
¡ Case study of a Tunnel Road Fire Protection system installation (Mr. Varun Tiwari Fire protection
entrepreneur and President, FSAI Nashik Chapter).
¡ Market Buzz on New Material of Construction for Ball Valves -(Mr. Sanjay Jude of Lehri Valves)
III: “Chetna – Arena for Surakshit Naari” - Women’s column
¡ Foreword from Ms. Sujal Shah, National Vice Chair, FSAI Women wing.
¡ Excerpts of the Interviews offered by Dr. Harsha Joshi and Ms. Sonia Agarwal
Top scorers’ list and answer keys pertaining to the FSAI’s 20th anniversary special Mega quiz appeared in previous
two editions are featured in the quiz column (Series No. XXIII) of this edition. Heartiest congratulations to
all winners.
Yours sincerely,

KNK Murthy
Executive Editor
 Fire & Security
Association of India

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NATIONAL TEAM

Know your
National Team

in Chandigarh Municipal Corporation for the term 2012-

16. He worked as member of high powered Finance &
Contract Committee of Chandigarh Municipal Corpora-
tion. He was Chairman of Chandigarh Municipal Corpo-
ration’s Committee for “Buildings & Roads”. Currently, he
is member of Advisory Committee of India’s Home Minis-
ter on Union Territories. Recently he has been appointed as
President of Chandigarh Chapter of FSAI and Chairman
of GEM Chandigarh Chapter.

Surinder Bahga
President - FSAI Chandigarh Chapter
Architect Surinder Bahga has established architectural or-
ganisation “Saakaar Foundation” in Chandigarh in 1984.
His works are published in many journals and newspapers
of repute. Two of his Churches were exhibited at the 5th
Asian Congress of Architects, held at Lahore in Pakistan.
His work was exhibited at Archifest Exhibition organised
by Singapore Institute of Architects. Mr. Bahga was giv-
en Sir M. Visveswaraya Award in 1995 by HUDCO for
energy-efficient housing design. His Baptist Church at
Chandigarh is selected by Ministry of Non-Conventional Rajan Mittal
Energy Sources and TERI as one of the best 41 energy-ef-
ficient buildings in India. He got Michael Ventris Award Secretary - FSAI Chandigarh Chapter
from Architectural Association, London. Police Memorial,
Rajan Mittal is a professional in the field of MEP and
Jammu designed by Mr. Bahga got Outstanding Concrete
energy Conservation.
Structure Award from Indian Concrete Institute. He has
co-authored three books namely “Modern Architecture He has more than 30 years’ experience in the field of
in India: Post Independence Perspective”, “New Indian construction and maintenance of MEP systems of Hospitals,
Homes” and “Le Corbusier & Pierre Jeanneret: Footprints Hotels, Shopping Malls, Industrial Projects, Commercial
on the Sands of Indian Architecture.” He has researched Complexes, Airports, Railway Stations, Residential Towers
on a travelling exhibition “A Dream Realized” on life and and SEZs. He holds B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering
works of Le Corbusier & Pierre Jeanneret for Swiss Arts and M.E. in Power Systems.
Council. He worked as Co-Editor of Conference Proceed-
He has worked for Organizations like Semiconductor
ings of “Urbanism and Green Architecture” held at NIT,
Complex Ltd, Ind Swift Laboratories Ltd, Quark City,
Hamirpur in 2010, “Contemporary Architecture: Beyond
ABB and Reliance.
Corbusierism” – in 2011, NICHE-2014 and Re-Discov-
ering Cities-2015. He worked as Chairman of IIA, Chan- He is a Chartered Engineer, a certified Project Manager
digarh-Punjab Chapter for two terms (2008-2012). He and an Approved Valuer. He is Presidential
worked as Chairman of IIA Publication Board and Editor
Member of Chandigarh Chapter of ISHRAE and an active
of Journal of Indian Institute of Architects from January
member of Institutions like IPA, FSAI, Institution of
2013 to May, 2015. He had been nominated as Councillor
Engineers, Institution of Valuers, GEM and IGBC.

18 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal


Shankar G. Ghime
President - FSAI Nagpur Chapter
Shankar Ghime is leading MEP consultant heading M/s
Air Technics MEP Consultants, having office at Nagpur &
Mumbai. He is an engineering Graduate of 1993 batch of
VRCE, Nagpur with specialization in Refrigeration & Air-
conditioning.
He started his carrier with M/s Bluestar Limited &
worked for 15 years in various capacities in Sales,
Engineering, Construction & Maintenance & Service of
Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Projects. He is Certified
Energy Auditor from Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE),
Government of India. At Present he is handling 110+
projects of all possible applications like Hotels, Hospitals,
Multiplexes & Shopping Malls, Office Buildings, IT Park,
Townships, Industry, Food Processing Units, Cold Chain
& Residential.
He is an active member of ISHRAE, FSAI, IPA, IGBC &
AEE. He was Past President of ISHRAE Nagpur Chapter
in 2008-09 & Past Regional Director of West Region of
ISHRAE in 2015-16. At Present he is Chairman of IPA
Nagpur Chapter, President of FSAI Nagpur Chapter &
Treasurer of AEE West India Chapter.
Ashish Agrawal
Secretary - FSAI Nagpur Chapter
Ashish Agrawal started ACE Technologies in 2006 with
an Electronics Engineering background. Own and operate
Central Alarm Monitoring Station with Video Verification
Services since 2010, only Central Alarm Monitoring
station in Central India. Certified on Multiple Platforms
on Integrated Security.
NATIONAL TEAM
Jayaram K.
President, FSAI Bengaluru Chapter
Proprietor of Fireess, an enterprise in Bangalore engaged in
providing complete Fire & Electronic Security solutions to
organizations with an experience of 30 years in the industry.
Achievements: Successfully started his career with small
enterprises in the industry of office automation for 7 years
and then pursued the fire protection industry for 7 years.
As head for southern region, he built vertical businesses in
the airport, pharma, telecom and automobile industries.
Key Contributor for Globe Detective Agency for their
electronic division as their Chief Marketing Manager for
the country.
Built sound verticals in Telecom, Steel, Cement, Space,
Petroleum, Electronics, Aerospace, Warehouse and IT
industries in his tenure of 12 years.
A brief stint with companies namely Ezone and Secumax
provided him an opportunity to become an entrepreneur.
Currently spearheading his enterprise to provide complete
security solutions with quality certified products.
Education: Diploma in Mechanical Engineering. Diploma
in Marketing Management.
Mithun J.
Secretary - FSAI Bengaluru Chapter
Mithun is currently working as National Sales Manager
in Qubix. A competent professional with appx. 14 years
of experience in Bosch (3 years), UTC Fire & Security
(6 Years), Vivotek Inc. & Harman Professional Solutions
(3 Years) in handling Sales and Marketing operations
encompassing Business Development, and Client Servicing
in AV / Fire & Security industries.
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 19
NATIONAL TEAM

9 years experience in Fire and Security Industry & 4+

years in the Audio / Video industry serving clients across
verticals, Corporate (Table Space, Raheja, JLL), Hospitality
(Marriot, Mayfair, Taj).
Actively involved with KVN / Feed My City foundation.
He is an active member of FSAI.

Sujal Shah
Vice Chair - Surakshit Naari

Ms. Sujal Shah Sheth is a graduate Information Technology

Arvind Rastogi
Jt. Secretary - FSAI Raipur Chapter
BE (Mech.), MBA; Chartered Engineer; PGDs-
Environment & Sustainability Development and Climate
Change. Served in Corporates prior to starting own business
at Bhilai in 1987, by the name of “TECHNOVATIONS”.
TECHNOVATIONS executes TK contracts in Industrial
Instrumentation & Automation, Fire & Gas Detection
Systems, Gas Mixing Stations, Pneumatic Manipulators,
etc., catering to clients like SAIL, NMDC, FSNL, NSPCL,
and DRDO. Has travelled extensively to USA, Europe,
China, Israel, and South-East Asia.
Extensive hands-on experience in implementation of energy
saving schemes in process and metallurgical industries; He
is a Certified Energy Auditor.
Active on various professional bodies / forums with
memberships of CSI, FSAI, IoE, IAEMP, SEEM. Is Jt. Secy
of FSAI Raipur Chapter.
Engineer from Saurashtra University and a post graduate in
Business Administration. She has also undergone multiple
Certificate programs in Marketing, Human Resources,
International Business etc. She has a total working
experience of 20 years now.
She is a director at NewAge Fire Fighting Co Ltd, Gujarat,
the largest manufacturer of fire fighting equipment like fire
hoses, hydrants, branchipes, water foam monitors, foam
makers, inductors, foam branches, fire pumps as well as
fire vehicles in India. She heads the Export and Import
departments at NewAge.
Ms Sujal Shah is Vice Chair for the strategic initiative of
FSAI - Surakshit Nari. She is an active member of FSAI,
Pune Chapter. She is also a member of IPA, ISHRAE and
FOCUS.
On the philanthropic side, she is a very active member
of Rotary Club of Pune Amanora. She serves as Service
Director and conducts various programs on avenues like
education & literacy, women empowerment, Economic
development, Medical awareness, environmental issues etc.

A person is held responsible for the sins of his family;

of his community; or even of whole mankind when
he fails to use his influence for the corrections of
wrongs.
-Mishnah (code of Jewish Law), 2nd century AD

20 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 THEMATIC

Cybercrime Safeguards
- Mr. Chetan Anand

Cybercrime is ‘Any unlawful act where computer or

communication device or computer network is used
to commit or facilitate the commission of crime’.
Incidentally, cybercrime is not defined in any Indian
law.

Examples of cybercrime include fraud, trafficking

in child pornography and intellectual property,
impersonation and identity theft, violating privacy,
ATM fraud, digital piracy, money laundering and
counterfeiting, online harassment, hacking, phishing,
vishing, smishing, whaling, sextortion, cyber bullying,
cyber stalking, cyber grooming, online job fraud etc.
The current scenario of Cyber Crime in India
Cybercrimes are increasing exponentially day by day
impacting financial and personal information. One in
every 3 Indians are either effected or will be affected
by identity theft. COVID-19 pandemic and the
resultant disruption have also added a new dimension.
As per AAG IT Services and as seen from the graph,
there is an increasing trend seen in cybercrime over
the years. In the first 2 months of 2022 alone, there
were a reported 212,485 cybercrimes - much higher
than the entirety of 2018!
The need for awareness on combating cybercrime
The advent of emerging technologies such as internet
of things (IoT), robotic process automation (RPA),
machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI),
and blockchain, as well as heightened security concerns
due to the pandemic, bring new cybersecurity risks
and challenges need to be seriously addressed.
We are in a digital world today where one cannot seem
to live without the internet. However, it also makes us
vulnerable to a wide range of threats. Unfortunately,
the number and complexity of attacks have steadily
increased over the years.

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 21

THEMATIC
A minor lapse in managing our ‘digitally driven lives’
can wide open the door to cyber criminals. Those
crooks can empty out our hard-earned monitory
savings or leave us in tatters with regards to our
reputation. In this context, it is very essential to
reiterate that many of the cyberattacks occur due
to lack of our awareness and / or own negligence.
Therefore, the creation of more knowledge on this
aspect is important to everyone today.3
Common cybercrimes and safeguards
Some of the common cybercrimes that are prevalent
today include identity theft and social engineering
attacks amongst other heinous crimes.
Identity theft is the act of wrongfully obtaining
someone’s personal information (that defines identity)
without their permission. They may include their full
name, phone / mobile number, address, email ID,
bank account data, Aadhaar number or credit / debit
card number etc. 3
Identity theft can have many adverse effects. The
fraudster can use stolen personal information and
identity proofs to:
• Gain access to your online accounts including bank
accounts
• Impersonate you on social media: The attacker
hacks or gains access to the social media account of
the victim. The attacker can then harm the victim by
misusing their personal information and photographs.
The attacker can also post offensive content on victim’s
profile or defame the concerned individual.
• Misuse the photocopies of identity proofs: The
documents could be PAN / Aadhaar Card or any other
identity proof. The attacker can use these photocopies
to steal money or cause harm to the victim.
Safeguards 3:
• Do not access http websites. Ensure you access only
secure websites having https.
• Disable automatically saving usernames and
passwords. Do not offer to save login ID and
passwords on the browser. In case they are stored,
clear them from the ‘clear browsing’ data setting.
• Use lengthy (at least 12 characters) and complex
passwords that has a mix of capital and lower cases,
numbers as well as special characters and change the
passwords more frequently than not!
• Do not re-use the same password and do not keep
the same (common) for all accounts.
• Do log out / sign out of the session or online
transaction before closing the browser.
• Register your mobile number for online accounts to
enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) i.e., deploy
one time password (OTP) as an additional security
measure.
22 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
• Never share any confidential information such as
passwords, OTP, CVV, secure code etc. with anyone,
irrespective of how close or familiar you are with that
person.
• Do not verbally disclose the PIN number while
swiping the debit card, credit card and gift card,
instead input the PIN number yourself in the swiping
machine after ensuring that nobody is around or
watching you while you enter the PIN number.
• Always ensure that credit / debit card swipes at
shopping malls, petrol pumps, etc. are done in your
presence. Do not allow the salesperson to take your
card away and swipe for the transaction.
• If you notice a credit / debit card reader that
protrudes outside the face of the rest of the machine,
it may be a skimmer. Do not swipe the card in such
machines.
• Never share personal information (like Date of
Birth, Birthplace, Family Details, Address, Phone and
Mobile Number etc.) on public platforms.
• While getting a photocopy of the identity proof
done or a printout taken at a cybercafé, ensure an extra
copy of the identity proof is not taken and in case of
any waste photocopy or printout, ensure it is shredded
or collect it yourself and then shred.
• Permanently delete information that is downloaded
on computers in a cybercafé.
• While printing a document from a USB / pen drive
in a cybercafé, run a virus scan before accessing the
document in the removable media. Before re-using
such a removable media, run a virus scan and ensure
it is free from malicious code.
• Verify the user identity and authenticity of the
organization while providing a copy of your identity
proof and before sharing personal information.
• Always strike out the photocopy of the identity
proof; write the purpose of its usage (e.g., ‘for loan
processing only’) on the photocopy along with
signature and date. This way, it becomes difficult to
reuse the photocopy.
• Do not leave your credit, debit or ATM card receipts
behind, in places such as a Bank / ATM or a store;
never throw them away in public or in the bins kept
in the ATM.
• Be cautions while browsing through a public Wi-
Fi and avoid logging in to personal and professional
accounts such as e-mail or banking on these networks.
Do not leave your mobile devices unattended (e.g., in
public places, while travelling, in offices or at home).
Always lock your mobile, laptop etc. with a password.
Social engineering is a manipulation technique that
exploits human error to gain private information,
access, or valuable data. In cybercrime, these ‘human
hacking’ scams tend to lure unsuspecting users into
exposing data, spreading malware infections, or giving
access to restricted systems. Attacks can happen

online, in-person, and via other interactions.4
Most social engineering attacks rely on actual
communication between attackers and victims. The
Types of Social Engineering attacks
Email spoofing is a technique used in spam and
phishing attacks to trick users into thinking a message
came from a person or entity they either know or
can trust. In spoofing attacks, the sender forges email
headers so that client software displays the fraudulent
sender address, which most users take at face value.
Safeguards 3:
• Do not respond to messages from unknown source
or spoofed emails requesting personal or financial
details even if it assures credit of money into your
bank account.
• Do not click on suspicious links and do not respond
to suspicious e-mails.
• Do not transfer money to any un-trusted unknown
account.
• Always verify the correctness of the domain of the
e-mail ID, for example, all government websites have
“.gov.in” or “.nic.in” as part of their web address.
• Have proper spam filters enabled in your e-mail
account.
• Do not get petrified if you receive a call stating that
your card is blocked. Bank will never convey such
information on call.
• Keep your bank’s customer care number handy so
that you can report any suspicious or un-authorized
transactions on your account immediately. Dial the
number provided at the back of the debit / credit card
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 23
THEMATIC
attacker tends to motivate the user into compromising
themselves / disclosing sensitive information
themselves, rather than using brute force methods to
breach your data.
and do not search for the bank number on the internet
while you know your account is compromised or in
case of financial fraud.
• If an e-mail has spelling, grammatical and
punctuation errors, it could be a scam.
• Beware of the fake calls / e-mails impersonating
themselves as recruiters and requesting for personal
information or money.
• Get yourself familiarized with the process of
reporting cybercrimes on National Cyber Crime
Reporting Portal: https://cybercrime.gov.in/ and the
Cybercrime Police Station in your city.
Cyber offences
Cyber offences constitute cyber frauds and crimes
which are criminal wrong doings. Cyber offences
may lead to criminal prosecution. It is covered under
Chapter XI Sections 65-74 of the Information
Technology Act, 2000, which deals with serious
offences related to computer system and network.
The offender can be punished with confinement, fine
or both. 5
Training and Certification
Information Sharing and Analysis Center, one
of India’s leading non-profit foundations dealing
with ‘Advancing national cyber security and
professional ethics at workplace’ offers the ‘Cyber
THEMATIC

Crime Intervention Officer (CCIO) training and is an era where we need to learn to first, verify and
certification’ then trust! With the ever-changing threat landscape
and a constantly intensifying attack surface, there is
The CCIO is a course that aims to provide you with a need for us to remain alert and practice good cyber
an essential background on cyberpsychology and hygiene to reduce the risk of cybercrime.
cybercrimes. The course empowers you to detect
early signs of problems among people around you References:
at work as well as home and equips you to be a first 1) Cyber Crime Portal
responder in case of cybercrimes. One can learn 2) The latest 2022 Cyber Crime Statistics (updated
everything about cybercrimes and essential cyber laws December 2022) | AAG IT Support (aag-it.com)
to protect themselves including their loved ones and 3) Cyber Security Awareness Booklet for Citizens.pdf
support vulnerable victims who need help. This is a (cybercrime.gov.in)
Government of India recognized certification, under 4) What is Social Engineering? | Definition (kaspersky.
National Educational Alliance for Technology 2.0, co.in)
approved by the Ministry of Education. 5) The Information Technology Act, 2000
6) Cyber Crime Intervention Officer (CCIO) -
While cybercrime can put business reputation at stake, Information Sharing and Analysis Center (isacindia.
it also negatively impacts the cybercrime victims. This org)
Disclaimer: The views expressed by the author are solely the author’s and do not reflect the views and beliefs of Profinch Solutions. Links provided in the article are subject to
change and the author does not have any control on the changes.

Chetan Anand, CCIO, CPEW, NLSIU Privacy and Data Protection Laws, ISACA Primetime Cybercrime Continuing Professional Education,
CDPSE, CPISI, OneTrust Fellow of Privacy Technology, IRAM2, ISO 27001 LA, ISO 22301 LA, ISO 27701, ISO 31000, ISO 9001 LA, Lean Six
Sigma Green Belt, SQAM and Agile Scrum Master
Associate Vice President – Information Security and CISO, Profinch Solutions
Member of Bureau of Indian Standards, ISACA Global Mentor and Volunteer

Men wiser and more learned than I have discerned in history

a plot, a rhythm, a predetermined pattern. The harmonies are
concealed from me. I can see only one emergency following upon
another, as wave follows upon wave; only one great fact with
respect to which, since it is unique, there can be no generalizations,
only one safe rule for historian : that he should recognize in the
development of human destinies the play of the contingent and
unforeseen. This is not a doctrine of cynicism and despair. The fact
of progress is written plain and large on the page of human history;
but progress is not of law of nature. The ground gained by one
generation may be lost by the next.
-H.A.L Fisher 1936

24 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal


Data Centre Security
Data centers are becoming an essential component of
every modern organization, which means they must be
safeguarded with best-in-class solutions to ensure data
security and business continuity. Threats can come
from a variety of sources, including cybercriminals
holding a business hostage, corporate spies looking
for secrets to sell, and natural disasters such as floods,
fires, and earthquakes.
Most businesses prioritize software security and
firewalls. However, a breach in physical security
could result in the theft of data and devices, rendering
software security ineffective.
Security - The major differentiator in Data Center
industry
Data center security involves the physical and virtual
cyber-security that protects corporate data from
attackers.
With the widespread shift to remote working and
employees accessing networks from a range of
locations and devices, a number of potential physical
security risks have emerged that did not exist before.
Security of a data center begins with its location. The
following factors need to be considered:
i. geological activity like earthquakes,
ii. high-risk industries in the area,
iii. risk of flooding,
iv. risk of force majeure. Some of these risks could be
mitigated by barriers or redundancies in the physical
design.
The Data Center building must be designed to weather
all types of physical challenges, from terrorist attacks
and industrial accidents to natural disasters. Enhancing
THEMATIC
- Ms. Dulumani Choudhury
physical security includes a variety of measures such as
DC design with thicker walls and fewer windows and
doors, enhancing CCTV monitoring, fire protection
and investing in specialized security teams.
Categorically there are four layers of security measures
that should be followed to ensure security and safety of
a data center:
i. Perimeter security: The first layer of data center
security is to discourage, detect, and delay any
unauthorized entry of personnel at the perimeter.
This can be achieved through a high-resolution video
surveillance system, motion-activated security lighting,
fiber-optic cable, etc. Video content analytics (VCA)
can detect individuals and objects and check for any
illegal activity. Track movements of people and avoid
false alarms.
ii. Facility controls: In case of any breach in the perimeter
monitoring access to the main building structure can be
denied using an access control system.
iii. Computer room controls: The third layer of
physical security further restricts access through
diverse verification methods including: monitoring
all restricted areas, deploying entry restrictions such as
turnstile, providing VCA, providing biometric access
control devices to verify finger and thumb prints.
iv. Cabinet controls: It addresses the fear of an “insider
threat,” such as a malicious employee. For that matter
server cabinets can be provided with an electronic
locking system to avoid any costly data breach. (To
ensure secure access, the same smart card/ biometrics
can be used to access the cabinets. The above systems can
be linked with the networked video cameras to capture
the image of the person and his or her activities, and log
the data automatically for further analysis and audit)
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 25
THEMATIC
Best practices for building up security at a data
center facility
i. Conduct regular audits
ii. Strengthen access control systems
iii. Enhance video surveillance
iv. Enforce security measures (This requires employee
training on the security measures to be followed and
the consequences if procedures are violated)
v. Establish redundant utilities
Security training
It is one of the most important features of an effective
data center security system. Security staff and control
center teams need training in your security systems
and processes to ensure consistent 24/7 coverage of
your data center and short response times during any
incidents. Your wider workforce will also need training
to ensure they understand their role in protecting the
data center.
Case Study
Case #1: Dallas police department database leak
caused by employee negligence
In a chain of instances in March and April 2021, the
city of Dallas suffered massive data losses because
of employee negligence. An employee deleted 8.7
million important police files that the Dallas Police
Department had collected as evidence for its cases:
video, photos, audio, case notes, and other items. Most
of the deleted files were owned by the family violence
unit. Lost archived files had evidentiary value and
could have maintained convictions in violence cases.
Why did it happen?
An IT worker didn’t have enough training about
properly moving files from cloud storage. Regular
backups of data and employee training on how to
handle governmental files could also prevent similar
incidents.
Case #2: Marriott data leak due to a compromised
third-party
In January 2020, hackers abused a third-party
application that Marriott used to provide guest
services and gained access to 5.2 million records of
Marriott guests which included passport data, contact
information etc.
As a consequence almost 339 million hotel guests
were affected and Marriott Hotels & Resorts had
to pay 18.4 million as a fine because of its failure to
comply with General Data Protection Regulation
(GDPR) requirements.
Dulumani Chouhdury is a Bangalore based security analyst and has earlier worked at multiple security and risk consulting firms including SymX
Infosolutions and Mitkat Advisory. She has extensive experience in providing security advisories for clients across India. Dulumani also worked at
a Delhi based think tank, Global Counter Terrorism Council, where she assisted with policy research and outreach. She holds a Master’s degree in
International Relations from Amity University, Noida and a Bachelor’s degree in History from Delhi University.
26 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
Why did it happen?
Attackers compromised the credentials of two
Marriott employees to log in to one of the hotel
chain’s third-party applications. Marriott’s cyber-
security systems didn’t notice the suspicious activity
of these employees’ profiles for two months. With
third-party vendor monitoring and user and entity
behavior analytics, Marriott could have detected the
breach before hackers accessed clients’ data.
A large number of cases of cyber-attacks in data
centers has been reported recently by multiple
countries. Comprehensive measures such as complete
data backup and recovery, using data encryption while
transferring files, enforcing the latest data privacy
regulations and comprehensive monitoring of traffic
should be adopted to ensure data safety.The UK boasts
the largest data center market in Europe. Around
65,000 attempts to hack small- to medium-sized
businesses (SMBs) occur in the UK every day, around
4,500 of which are successful. UK Govt’s Cyber
Security Breaches Survey 2020 shows that the threat
from cyber security threats has increased with 68%
of medium sized businesses and 75% large businesses
reporting having security breaches or attempts.The
data centers in India reported more than 51 million
cyber-attacks over their networks from over 40,000
unique IP addresses from April-December 2021.
Regional nuances when it comes to security globally
Perspectives on security vary globally across regions
depending on various factors. These factors include a
region’s threat level and vulnerability to risks as well
as operational and business concerns for a particular
location. A security incident in one location may be
viewed differently to the same incident in another
location or the same project in one place could
have different threat profiles in different locations.
For instance a factory in Maharashtra would have a
different threat profile compared to the same factory
in insurgency affected areas of Manipur. The security
requirements would be vastly different in both the
locations with the latter likely needing additional
security measures due to the high-risk nature of the
location. Similarly, a terrorist attack in New Delhi
would have a different significance compared to a
terrorist attack in Afghanistan. This would be because
the frequency of terror attacks in Afghanistan would be
higher and more common than ones in Delhi. Given
the nature of Delhi as a major urban center as well as
the national capital such an incident would be a major
security incident or escalation in comparison.

Stay Safe at Cyber Space
Introduction: Irrespective of the Figures of
Smartphones and ratio of Cyber Frauds in the
public domain, our conscience could well judge the
scenario out there at Cyber Space, especially post
Covid. The Crimes and the Crooks are well ahead
of us. The new technological enhancements, we of
course, are enjoying through our Mobiles, however
as a matter of fact, we are all living with a fear of
possible victimization. The panic is to such an extent
that, today, even if we get a genuine phone call or
message from the bank, we think otherwise and
ignore it. Adding to the technological developments
(Internet of Things), Artificial intelligence is playing
an extensively key role in cyberspace, however good
and bad. AI-based Calls, Messages, Mails are found at
large these days.
Therefore, the message is loud and clear that the owner
of a smartphone has to be a Cyber Literate, if he really
has to continue encountering Cyberspace. There are a
lot of opinions and discussions occurring today about
Cyber Security, but for a common man the complicity
is seen to grasp it and adopt it in his Mobile-ruled life.
However, considering my last around 400 Workshops
and also 100’s of cases reported to me these days, I can
distinctly spell out the “Cyber Literacy Topics”, in a
simpler way. They are:
1. Mobile Crimes: Device Hacking, Frauds through
THEMATIC
- Mr. Sunil Sadasivan
Dialing Code and QR (Quick Response) Code Frauds
are categorized as Mobile Crimes. QR Code is one of
the mostly running frauds these days. While this may
look simple, these codes are capable of storing lots of
data. But no matter how much they contain, when
scanned, the QR code should allow the user to access
information instantly. Earlier, a particular App was
required to scan their QR Code to access any data/
website of the QR Code Vendor. However, these days,
QR Code can be scanned and executed through our
Camera, without using any external Apps. QR codes
can also be used to Link directly to download an app
on the Apple Store/Google Play Store, and also it can
authenticate online accounts and verify login details.
It can even Access Wi-Fi by storing encryption details
such as SSID, password, and encryption type. Hence,
one should not blindly scan the QR Codes received
from unknown sources.
2. Email Crimes: Yes, like a Mobile, the Email is also an
inevitable element to a common man’s life. It is proven
that one cannot live without an Email, starting from
installing a Smart Phone to registering ourselves to a
Social Media Account, an Email is Must. Technically,
if a Crook knows our Email ID and password, he can
install any Spy apps to our Mobile, without being a
physical access of our handset. Many of us don’t know
to check if our Email Id is being used/accessed by any
other device/place. There is a provision to check this
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 27
THEMATIC
at our Gmail. Not only that, if we find any unknown
devices where our Email ID is being used, then we can
do a forceful “Logout” from our end.
Another part of Email is the Crimes such as Phishing
Mails, Email Bombing etc. The former forms a major
part of Crimes and Artificial Intelligence-generated
phishing emails have higher rates of being opened than
manually crafted phishing emails. We do receive a lot
of unwanted mails and thus, our Inbox is bombarded
with a lot of promotional mails. Normally people take
it easy with these bulk junk mails. However, it could be
a symptom of an Email Bombing, where the fraudster
wants our attention should not go to an important
Email, as we normally select junk mails in one go and
do the deletion. To get rid of these promotional mails,
we must use two Email-Ids, one is for our personal use
and the other is to register with any shopping portals.
At present we use one Email-Id for all purposes.
3. Financial Frauds - Crime Motive is Finance, for
maximum frauds. Card Frauds hold a considerable
quantum in the recent past and post Covid, the
frequency of UPI (Unified Payments Interface)
payments have drastically increased. We link our bank
Accounts to the UPI, hence in one way we authorize
the UPI to handle our Bank Account. UPI is managed
through a Mobile App and there is no Bank OTP for
UPI payments. Any Spy App could take control of
our UPI interface; hence It is imperative to keep our
Mobile device secured. If our Mobile is installed with a
UPI app, then we must not install unwanted free Apps
and also a paid antivirus should be installed to protect
the device. Considering the Financial frauds, a lot of
precautionary measures are being regularly brought
by banks these days, especially major banks (like SBI,
HDFC, ICICI etc.,). Virtual Cards, AEPS (Aadhar
Enabled Payment Systems) are the best instances of
those measures; however, these are unknown to many,
is a matter of fact.
”Early reporting of cyber frauds to increase chances
of recovering our money”. When a fraud occurs, the
first thing we must do is to call the Toll-Free number
of our bank and get the Crime registered with the
Bank. Once we do the Reporting at Toll free number
and then register the complaint with the Cyber Police
(1930), a written complaint to the Local Cyber Cell
is also recommended. Next thing we must do is to
take the above details to the Local Branch, where
your account is opened/situated. Though complex, all
these should be done without much delay.
4. Photo ID Crimes - If we take out any Fraud, we
could see, the Photo IDs of innocent citizens are being
used by the miscreants to execute the Crime. The
shocking fact is that, we actually have no idea of places
28 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
where we had submitted the copies of our Photo IDs.
In a recent case, a Celebrity has lost money, as some
fraudsters have covertly used his PAN Card-Copy to
procure a loan from a Bank.
Aadhar Card is one of the secured ID’s available
today, as we can access the usage log through “Aadhar
Authentication history” feature as given in the www.
uidai.gov.in. In addition, as an extra layer of security,
we can temporarily lock our Aadhar Biometric,
through Lock/Unlock Biometrics or even use Lock/
Unlock features of Aadhar.
5. Online Safe Search - For everything, we Google it
nowadays. There are at least a thousand cases reported,
where the victim did a search of finding a Customer
care number of a Bank/Product, and ended up
reaching at miscreants’ number or website and lost the
money. At times Google suggestions are depending
upon the SEO (Search Engine Optimization) ratings;
hence not necessarily the Google suggestions must
be the proper one. When we do a Google search for
a Customer Care number, we must take it from the
original Bank/Company Website and not from the
Google Suggestions.
Case Study: There was a recent crime reported to
me, where the Victim fell prey to the Google Ads.
He searched for the Cheapest Furniture and landed
on a Web site through google-ad pretending to be
from a leading International Company. Here the
criminals have used the domain extensions (.com,
.in, .us, .au etc.,) to trick the Victim. The domain
extension of the original company website was www.
companywebsite.au whereas the fraudster’s website
was www.companywebsite.in. Fraudsters did register
these domains and through the paid promotion, their
site comes at top while searching.
The same trick criminals use at Play store also. We
search for any app in the play store and we get so many
Apps listed with the Lookalike Name, Icon and Logo.
Without checking much detail, we click, download
and install the wrong Apps instead of the actual one.
At times, the fake Apps look and work like an original
app with all the features; however, it could be a Spy
App, trying to take complete control of our Mobile
Device. Here, the point we should keep in mind is,
whenever we get an App through a Play Store, search
before downloading and installing. In fact, we must
do a basic research to see the App information like
Manufacture, Number of Downloads, Ratings/
Reviews, Last updated date, Permissions etc.
6. Password Attacks - Looks simple, but complicated,
as there are around 800 Crore Passwords exposed at
Cyber Space. Yes, the biggest password collection ever
 THEMATIC

has been leaked online by a famous hacker forum.
This forum has posted a 100GB text file online which
contains a collection of about 8.4 billion passwords.
All this data was obtained from previous leaks and
hacking. Hence it is imperative to keep a unique
password and must strictly follow a password changing
habit. Normally we keep our name123 or 123name as
our password, hackers need no time to crack this and
can easily steal our data. Password cracking tools are
freely available in cyberspace, through which a Crook
can check and find your passwords in no time, from this
Password database (800 Crore passwords). To escape
from Password attacks, it is strongly recommended
(1) to use the Password Manager, (2) Passwords must
be with non-guessable words, suggestively your most
favorite movie, Lines from your best song etc., These
are all such terms, unless you disclose, no one would
be able to guess it.
7. Loss of Phone/Card - When a Mobile is Lost,
there are a bunch of formalities, we must follow, to
keep our mobile data safe. For that, it is pertinent to
have crucial information like Details of Apps installed
in our Mobile, the credentials of Email ID which the
mobile is registered with, IMEI numbers of mobile
etc., beforehand. If the mobile carries any Banking
App, then the first thing is to inform the bank and
block further transactions.
To avoid the misuse of our Social Media, we must
inform the respective Social Media about the loss,
through our registered Email. For WhatsApp, You
should call your mobile provider as soon as possible
to lock your SIM card. It will then not be possible
to verify the account (by SMS/Calls) on that phone
again. Use a new SIM card with the same number
to activate WhatsApp on your new phone. This is
the fastest way to deactivate your account on the
stolen phone. WhatsApp can only be activated with
one phone number on one device at a time. Email
at support@whatsapp.com, with the subject ”Lost/
Stolen: Please deactivate my account” in the body
of the email and include your phone number in full
international format, this Email must be sent from the
same Email, as registered with WhatsApp.
8. Govt. initiatives & tools related to Cyber Frauds -
Central Govt has brought a couple useful initiatives,
however, unknown to many due to the absence of
a widespread publicity campaign. CYBERSAFE.
gov.in, TAFCOP.dgtelecom.gov.in, CEIR.gov.in,
UIDAI.gov.in are amongst those useful websites.
CYBERSAFE has started with a mission of ”One
SIM, One Fraud, No More.” One of the unique
features of Cybersafe is, we can have online, real-time,
access to this negative database, which will be updated
with every fraud registered. A database of fraudsters,
including their mobile numbers and bank accounts
are maintained by Central agencies through this. We
can check by the Mobile numbers, Account numbers,
UPI ID, for whether any fraud attached to it or not.
TAFCOP is developed to help us to check the number
of mobile connections active in our name, and take
necessary action for regularizing the additional mobile
connections if any. In this, by giving our Mobile
number and OTP authentications, we get information
of all the mobile numbers registered in our name. If
you find any number, which is not of yours, then you
can mark it as “This is not my number”, and thus, the
agencies take further actions to that number.
Through CEIR (Central Equipment Identity
Register), we can check the KYM (Know your
Mobile). We can confirm the validity of our mobile
device even before buying it. Here we need to type
the IMEI number of our handset and see whether the
status of handset is a blacklisted, duplicate or already
in use one or not.
Through this, we can even block the IMEI of our
phone when it is lost/stolen. Visit “www.ceir.gov.
in/Request/CeirUserBlockRequestDirect.jsp” and
file the request to block the stolen/lost mobile. You
need certain details before-hand when filing the
request like IMEI Number, Duplicate SIM ready for
OTP, Handset Brand & Model, Purchases Invoice of
Mobile, Copy of FIR etc.
Conclusion:
In this High-tech era, the journey in cyberspace is
not as easy & safe as we think it is. Mobile, as I always
describe as the “Most Important Person” in our life,
should be given due concern and care, for that, by all
means we must be a “Cyber Literate”.
“Wishing all a Nice, but a Safe e-Journey”

Sunil Sadasivan, MCA, B.COM, PG’s in Computer Science, Software Technology and Industrial Relations Management along
with a Special Certification on ”Cyber Security Tools”, Having been actively involved in the IT Field for more than 25 years,
of which 18 years were at Top Level Management with renowned institutions. He has Designed & Created e-Library (carrying
Judgments of Indian judiciaries), for Asia’s Largest Law Publishing Concern and also shouldered exclusive position as ”Special
Ambassador for Indian Judiciaries. His experience in e-Library has also included the ”South Asian Law Portal” containing
judgments of South Asian Countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei). Now for
the last more than 7 years, He has been in the Field of ”Cyber Security & Training’’ having had several successful training
workshops PAN India, amongst Judiciaries, Police, Govt. Training Institutes, National Channels, Educational Institutions
and Corporates. His articles on Cyber domain are featured in many Newspapers and Magazines.

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 29

 Fire Safety in Museum, Libraries
and Archives
(Ref.IS: 14850 -2000 & IS: 11460 - 2005)
Introduction:
Fire is an integral constituent of the “Panch Bhoot - Five
Elements” that surround Universe.
It is also an inevitable ingredient that sustains life on
earth.
Another fact of life is - Tamed fire is a boon; but the one
which is not can be a bane
Therefore, we must digest the reality that any
uncontrolled fire can play havoc with us.
Coming to the article under reference , as we all know,
Museums are one among the most symbolic institutions
that depict any nation’s cultural heritage. Accordingly,
they need to be maintained, protected and safeguarded
against the wrath of fires which has the potential to
reach uncontrollable level at any time. Occurrences of
fire related mishaps around these facilities can result
into serious injuries including life threatening ones to
occupants - staff and visitors. Besides they can inflict
damages/ losses to Antiques, Artworks, Artifacts,
Priceless Books, Manuscripts, Clothing, Furniture,
Paintings, Graphics, Objects of Artistic Crafts, Digital
screens, LEDs, Projectors, etc., we come across in these
installations. The collections also include many valuable
items which might have been generously gifted out by
different countries over eras. The Museums are often
located in historical sites which are mostly constituted
of wooden buildings and structural works. As we know
very well, they are highly vulnerable to fires. Accordingly,
it has also been observed that safeguarding those areas
with the modern fire protection system is a very complex
task.
30 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
- Mr. Jitendra Singh
Accordingly, preparedness and response capability
through pre-planning followed by diligent
implementation of Fire protection measures can
significantly help prevent, control, reduce and mitigate
the losses. In this context, the main focus should be on
considering a Museum as an important place experiencing
large foot falls on continual basis. In addition to this,
we may also face paucity of time and lack of adequate
cum ever functional fire protection infrastructure. The
time factor is directly related to emergency rescue/
evacuation/ first aid treatment of personnel. It also has
a linkage to extinguishment including smoke extraction.
Standard Norms - Codes of Practice:
The Indian Standard IS: 14850-2000 already contain Fire
Safety provisions in Museum in relation good Building
construction practices - i.e., external and internal walls
fire resistance ratings of 4 & 2 Hours respectively (IS:
1642). Based on the modern / advanced engineering
practices, the requirements also encompass an effective
Air handling Units (AHU) system complemented
through effective ducting, insulation protection which
also call for 1 hour Fire Resistance.
The design and construction planning of Library
buildings for archives shall be as per IS: 1553 & 2663.
They include all the aspects including Fire Safety
measures.
Interior finish in Exhibits Combustible Materials like
wall paneling, ceiling decorations, drop clothes, hessians
etc., have to be treated with ‘fire retardant’ paints
including wooden partitions to improve its surface as Risk Assessment:
flame from Class IV to Class I as defined in National Risk = Likelihood X Consequences
Building Code.
Occurrence of Fires in Museums:
Compact Storage, Electrical and other Hazard
specific:
Most of the Museums have adopted a display system
arranged in row formation and also equipped with
cabinets or shelf units mounted on flooring or walls.
These features are also vulnerable to the fire hazards
arising out of high wattage fluorescent lighting, LED
displays, curtain clothes etc., . The inevitable storage of
paints, packing materials, conservation laboratories etc.
shall also be duly segregated out of exhibit areas on
regular basis.

When it comes to the Lighting system mentioned above,

adequate protection system conforming to National
Electrical Code in relation to wiring /conduit need to be
installed including usage of Fire Resistance Low Sulphur
(FRLS)Cables. Electrical shafts should be sealed at every
level with non-combustible material and heavy cables
should be coated with fire retardant paints.

A vault (used for record storage in Libraries) needs to

be of completely fire-resistant enclosure design. Mostly
the vaults being installed in museums have an internal
cubical capacity not more 1500 M3 with ceiling height Impact of Fire:
of maximum 3.6 M. In case of fire, the vault door gets The focus is primarily on the impact of Heat and
automatically closed resulting which reduces possibility Combustion as direct effect of Fire as well as indirect
of spread of fire due to containment of air. Fire resistance effect due to damages caused water and soot deposition.
in library shall not be less than 2 hours and no filing
cabinet equipped with highly combustible material is
permitted. Same philosophy is applicable to furniture
and furnishing with higher combustibility characteristic.

Fire Protection and Fire Fighting:

Considering the extreme high value (pricelessness!)
of the exhibits an early detection of fire is essential by
installing Automatic FDA (Fire Detection and Alarm)
system with various types of Detectors, Panels, Hooters,
and MCPs (Manual Call Points).

Fire Hydrant system (IS: 3844) with Hose reels and

Hose Boxes with Nozzles and hoses should be installed.
In addition to the above use of Modern Fire systems like
Water Mist, Clean Agent Gas flooding systems including
Sprinkler system also recommended for betterment.
First Aid Fire Fighting Appliances (wall mounted/
portable/ hand held designs) shall be installed, properly
maintained, checked, tested and refilled as specified in
IS: 2190.
Emergency Evacuation Plan:
Provision of fire doors (IS: 3614) is recommended
to control the spread of fires and safe evacuation.
An SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) should be
displayed and occupants to follow the Evacuation
route, Emergency Signage’s and finally to reach
Assembly Point for head count.

Lightning protection for the Museum building shall be

as per IS: 1646.

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 31


Disaster Management Plan:
An Emergency Organization should be set up with
Preparedness of all employees to immediately respond
to any Fire Emergency. In this regard Training and
Mock Drills should be practiced by way of observing
the efficacy of the their timely actions and record to
be kept with Role and Responsibility structure. This
is very important with reg. to the corrective execution
of corrective actions if any on the aspects as already
included in the documented plan which would
also have emerged during the drills. It is desirable
to organize mock drills during peak occupancy
time and observe how visitors also respond to it
voluntarily considering own and others’ safety on
top priority. The guides or others in charge of fire
cum security can also be trained to give ‘pep talks
to the visitors’ on fire prevention/ control as well as
life safety aspects with regular periodicity. This also
must encompass an explanatory guidance on all the
emergency signs/ symbols which are on display at the
museums. Screening videos on this aspect to visitors
while waiting at the entrance points can extend value
addition to the training. Continual airing of audio
messages along visitors’ lobbies (multi-lingual as
applicable to the locations) is also a good step forward!
Jitendra Singh, Ex-A. Commandant / CISF took VRS as being well educated i.e. M.Sc., MBA (Spl; Disaster Management), Fellowship
- IFE. Former Director – DIFE, CFSMT & NISHE. Consultant and Sr. Auditor - State Bank of India, Bank of America, Hospitals
and PSUs. At present Coordinator – Prime Ministers Museum New Delhi.
32 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
Community Based Disaster Preparedness:
Principles of community organizing are based on the
premises that people are the primary agents to initiate
and implement in disaster preparedness.
Tools & Techniques are:
Risk Identification
(Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity assessment)
Risk Analysis
(Nature of impact on elements at Risk)
Risk Evaluation
(Risk prioritization and decision making)
Emergency Management System:
In case fire emergency occurrence a Command Centre
to be established with emergency items essential to
handle the situation with the following Command
structure.
Conclusion:
Keeping in view of all the above, a fire safety committee
composed of staff and management must be put place.
A quarterly surveillance by them on fire cum life safety
with time bound completion of recommendations
is of great significance. Subsequently additional
strategies to prevent fire, limit its spread and to
minimize risk factor as well as reduce loss / damages
from fire, huge sprinkler water discharges , soot and all
other effects of a fire also need to be taken up. These
would provide value addition to whatever we do. The
Committee must also be exposed to more awareness
creation programs and in turn inspired to organize
them for other stakeholders – thereby facilitating to
higher levels of safety standards with sustainability.
To conclude a study to generate basic data, undertaking
in depth analysis and to quantify disaster risk level by
conducting Hazard, Vulnerability & Risk Assessment
(HVRA) are the need of the hour.
STAIRCASE PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
- Mr. Erphan S Desai.

History:
Pressurization of the staircase shaft was introduced in India in the early seventies, by Mr. S.M. Desai, Ex Senior
Fire Office of Mumbai Fire Brigade.

It was after the disastrous fire which took place at State Bank of India Bhavan (Central office at Nariman Point
Mumbai) in which the Bank suffered heavy losses and also people died due to suffocation, including the Fire
Staff members. His services were transferred from the Mumbai Fire Department to State Bank of India, by the
Ministry of Finance (Govt. of India) as Chief Fire Officer (in charge) of all buildings of State Bank in India,
in the country. This move was basically to establish Fire safety norms in all State Bank of India buildings in the
country.

“Mr S.M Desai, an industry expert in atomic science, leveraged his expertise to create a novel
solution for preventing smoke infiltration into stairways - staircase pressurization. By applying
the principles, he used to surround reactors and generating positive pressure outside of them, Mr
Desai was able to successfully contain smoke within designated areas.” He applied this principle for
creating pressurization of staircase, and to prevent smoke particles entering in the staircase lobby,
thus enabling safe and smooth emergency evacuation.

Abstract - A Pressurized staircases are a significant piece of the Fire Safety Strategy of tall structures. Long
departure times are repaid by making safe conditions inside departure staircases permitting considering the
uprooting time inside those stairs as time where inhabitants can be viewed as sheltered. Regardless of whether a
crisis generator is installed, the process of providing power to the fan should aim at the goal, that is, a potential
fire would not impact it. It is best to plan the stair pressure frame by experienced fire safety engineers who can
handle all development details. Remember that over-pressurized stairs can cause more damage than anything
else.

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 33

1. INTRODUCTION
In a multi flooring building, the stairs usually represent
the only way out of the fire. Exit stairs must be smoke-
free and to consolidate configuration includes that
improves the speed of departure of the inhabitants. In
an elevated structure, most building standards require
the fire flights of stairs to be pressurized to keep
smoke out. Consolidating the configuration involves
improving the speed of departure for inhabitants.
The fire flight of stairs in an elevated structure
are mandated by most building regulations to be
pressurized to keep smoke out. Pressurization of the
flight of stairs meets a few needs
A. Inhibition movement of smoke to flight of stairs,
territories of shelter, deep openings, or comparative
zones.
B. Maintain an enduring climate in regions of asylum
and methods for departure during the requisite
clearing time.
C. Facilitate the operation of fire and salvage by
improving the perceptibility of structural firefighters.
D. Protecting life and reducing property damage.
The following are the three basic smoke shields which
are recognized
1. Natural ventilated balconies with stairs
2. Stair ventilation mechanics.
3. The stair pressurization system is the most commonly
preferred design choice due to the relative expense of
similar mechanical systems and architectural space
concerns related to the provision of external balconies
and staircase vestibules. The smoke control systems
are addressed in this course and the design issues
associated with stairwell pressurization systems are
studied.
1.1 MANAGEMENT OF SMOKE
A smoke-the-board system contains all independent
strategies or mixing to control or impact smoke
production.
The key idea about setting up a smoke management
system is to ensure that the evacuation is faster
than the spread of smoke / fire. The fire is generally
constrained by methods for water pipes, fire hydrants
and sprinklers, which ought to be essential for the
boarding plan. A procedural fire disguise system will
be utilized to restrict the pace of warmth expulsion
and Control fire spread.
1. Compartmentation
Compartmentation involves the usage of fire-resistant
obstructions to anticipate the spread of smoke to
fire-free areas. Dividers, assignments, ground, walls,
smoke dissuasive systems, smoking dampers and other
fixed and mechanical barriers are used. Smoke control
outline originators frequently consolidate segment
systems with pressurization innovation.
34 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
2. Ventilation of exhaust
Smoke monitoring is better cultivated by exhaust
ventilation in wide open-air areas with elevated
rooftops, for example atria, malls, contour, air
terminals etc. Assemble a lot of hot smoke in the room,
where the techniques for a ventilation of managed
smoke weakening are expelled out. Advantageous air
under the smoke layer is also fundamental, provided
the area without smoke.
3. Dilution
Attenuation technology can remove smoke in spaces
far from the fire source. This technology provides air
to the outside through the HVAC frame to reduce
smoke. The use of this technology can ensure that
there is enough gas and particulate accumulation in
the compartment to allow smoke to penetrate from
the continuous compartment. More importantly,
after the fire is suppressed, the fire crisis management
department can use the weakening strategy to exhaust
the smoke. Smoke reduction is also called soot
purification, exhaust or smoking. For example, you
can use this method to remove smoke that has invaded
a safe space (for example, leaving a passage or shelter).
In addition, reducing the stuffiness helps to put out
the smoke after putting out the fire.
4. Flow of air
The wind energy policy regulates smoke in places of
obstructions with at least one major openings. It is
used for monitoring smoke through open entrances,
caves in subways, railways, and park roads. The
strategy utilizes air speed crosswise over or between
obstructions to control smoke development. One
burden of the wind flow strategy is that it supplies
expanding oxygen into the fire. In the internal
structure, wind flow strategies must be used in the
presence of alarming alarms. The technique of wind
current is better introduced after fire conceal or in
buildings with insufficient fuel.
5. Pressurization systems
This technology uses the restricted distinction of
obstacles to control the generation of smoke. The
pressure frame mainly introduces stairwells, deep
holes, Refuge, and numerous exit paths. The border’s
high-pressure side is the sanctuary or vacation route.
Smoke emerges from the side with low intensity.
The air from the side of high pressure to the side of
the bottom pressure (by the expansion slit and the
opening in the entrance) counteracts the smoke
penetration. The technique to direct the flue gas from
the low-pressure side to the outside will ensure that
there is no weight for gas production.
1.2 MOVEMENT OF SMOKE
The structure can be regarded as the progress of space,
each space is distributed with a specific weight, and
the air between them develops from a high strain area
to a low weight area. While by and by, it is workable
for compel angles to exist in huge vertical spaces,
for example, stairwells, the critical weight contrasts
can for the most part be considered as happening
over the significant partitions of the structure, for
example entryways, windows, dividers and floors. The
distinction in weight decides if it will stream by any
means, and how much and how rapidly it will stream.
Enormous weight contrasts produce huge streams.
The chief components liable for weight contrasts and,
subsequently, the smoke development is:
1. Temperature difference between indoor and
outdoor air (chimney impact)
2. Common convection
3. Warm extension
4. Wind powers
5. Lightness of burning gases
6. Air conditioning activity
The air movement generated by mechanical ventilation
will cause the pressure difference inside the building
to be the same as natural forces and superimposed. By
designing HVAC system which supplies air at a high
rate. HVAC system is becoming now a days more and
more popular for buildings. The main advantages
of HVAC system limits infiltration of air which
caused by winds and stack effects. Improved HVAC
equipment can be linked to fire and smoke systems to
overcome smoke control duties.
2. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
2.1 Mechanical
1. Smoke control equipment
• Fan
• Air duct
• Dampers
2. Staircase booster fan:
A. Records the high and low standards of the physical
structure to determine when a stairwell booster fan frame
is needed.
B. More than two fans should be pressurized, and structures
above 7 floors should be evaluated. One fan is at the peak
of the staircase and the other is at the foot of the staircase.
C. The fan has a variable volume through a VFD and
retains a positive static load in each stairwell. The weight
differential of the staircase to the region will not surpass the
most extraordinary opening power.
3. Move pressure mechanisms must work by administering
other ventilation systems of structure naturally.
4. Step pressurization devices and ventilation work shall be
orchestrated.
5. Both equipment required for pressure frameworks, like
fans, tubing, modified dampers and equity dampers, would
be sufficient, appropriate for its needs, for the potential
introductive temperatures, as seen by the sound appraisal
and grasped by the official fire code.
Smoke Damper- Smoke Damper Standard
Smoke control framework norm for control unit
Material-NFPA 90A.
2.2 Electrical and Controls
1. Power and control equipment
A. Power framework
B. Detection and control system
C. Firefighter Control Panel
2. Electrical assist associations with willing be coordinated
according to NFPA 70. The crisis fortification force
inconvenience of the crisis generator must contribute to it
and must operate within 60 seconds.
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 35
3. A fire war room will be given control hardware the area where the admonition starts or is issued by smoke
• Power system alarms, sprinklers, water streaming systems or manual
• Detection and control framework notifications. The message must communicate details and
• Firefighter Control Panel headings to the occupants.

4. A fire war room will be given, in the zone affirmed by 7. The local social opportunity of the two-way
nearby firemen. correspondence structure of fire fighters must run between
a. Crisis sound/alarm communication frame unit. the central control station and any lift, the elevator, the
b. Local firefighter communication team. stairway and the corridor. A phone station or jack is
c. Fire location and warning frame alarm unit. provided in every fire siphon room in structures fitted with
d. Floor area of the elevator and activity annunciator. fire siphons.
e. Valve sprinkler and display board for water flow.
f. The crisis generator supervises gadgets, starts manually 2.3 Calculation –
and moves the essentials. Q (cfm) = 0.827 x A x dP1/2 Q1 = 0.827 x A x 501/2
g. Always open the control of the staircase entrance. Width of Door = 1.2m Height of Door = 2.4m Crack
h. A phone for local firefighters to control access to the Length = 5mm
phone frame of the general population. Effective leakage area, A = (1.2m+2.4m) x 2 x 1 x 5mm
i. Mark fire siphon status. = 3.6m x 2 x 1 x .005m
j. Status flags and air trade monitors utilizing the system. = 0.036 sq. m
k. The IBC Segment 909.16 firefighter control panel is
used for the smoke control frame. Q1 = 0.827 x 0.036 x 7.07 Q1 = 0.21 m3/s
l. Pointers for crisis power and standby regulation. (1m = 3.28ft 1m3 = 35.28ft3
m. Worksheet. 1m3/s = (35.28/1/60) CFM
n. Open location framework, different areas of this code are = 35.28 x 60 CFM 1m3/s = 2118.8 CFM)
clearly required. Q1 = 0.21 x 2118.8 x 6 floors
Note: Crisis control must be accessible to the corresponding Q1 = 2676 CFM
individual within 10 seconds
• Crisis voice / alert mail frameworks Door opening in the fire floor = 1.2m x 2.4m = 2.88 m2 =
• Frameworks of alarm 31.0 sq.ft
• Programmed systems for fire positioning Air loss to the fire door at 125 fpm Q2 = AV x N
• Vehicle lift illumination Q2 = 31.0 x 125 x 1 floors Q2 = 3875.0 CFM
• Getaway course lighting Grand total Q(cfm) = Q1 + Q2
• Leave sign brightening = 2676.0 + 3875.0 cfm
= 6551 cfm
5. A crisis voice/caution correspondence framework,
which is likewise permitted to fill in as an open location 10% Safety- 7200 CFM
framework, will be introduced. Hence, it is proposed to go with 1200 X 6NOS SUPPLY
FAN
6. The voice alarm edge must deliver a preordained alert to

Area = (length x size) x 2.

36 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal


3. CONTROL SYSTEM
The initiation of the flight of stairs smoke control happens
on the alert sign gave by any contraption, includes water
sprinkler switch, heat monitor, smoke caution and
manual siphoning station (pull box). Most flight of stairs
smoke control outlines work along these lines, with little
consideration paid to the wellspring of the alert sign. The
following describes the general activity sequence of the
stairwell pressurization frame:
i. Any alert in any zone of the structure will initiate the
smoke control mode.
ii. The frame opens the mechanized damper in real time
to report, and the damper actuator sends a signal to the
booster fan to make it run.
iii. The weight sensor presented in the flight of stairs will
control the back damper to keep up a predictable 50Pa load
in the flight of stairs.
iv. At the air inlet a smoke detector (SD) is introduced. If
smoke is found, the booster fan in the stairwell must be
turned off.
v. The fan should be manually stopped and wired.
4. STAIRWELL PRESSURIZATION ACCEPTANCE
TEST
The test of the stairwell pressurized frame should follow the
following conditions:
• The number and area of entrance channels remain open.
• Known external weight conditions.
•Maximum allowable entrance tension.
4.1 General states of testing
Before completing the pressure control structure, a test
should be performed to check the representation of the
pressure frame. It is especially important to install and close
the correct entry channels and windows before estimating
the wind flow and weight comparison. The vent holes
leading to the shaft and the leeward side of the structure
should be opened to help pressurize. The test should not
be conducted at turns exceeding 11 mph (5 m/s) because,
the adverse effects of the wind on the boost are difficult
to allow. For each explicit code, the stack impact may be
compensated.
1. Introduce the fan frame and damper (if applicable)
according to the contract record and the instructions of
manufacturer’s installation.
2. The point-to-point inspection of the control frame
has been completed to ensure that all fans and damper
information/yield focus points are effectively wired.
3. The typical power, if any, brings a crisis to each fan and
damper, which are gathered under the appropriate voltage.
4. All fan frames have been adjusted according to the
agreement report.
5. Introduce and use all safety and interlocking devices
according to the contract archives, especially the fan status
and high-pressure mode.
4.2 Grouping of activity
The assignment gathering of a solitary flight of stairs
pressurization casing will fluctuate dependent on the
application and plan (uncorrected or revised). The segment
dampers open on practically all edges (if pertinent), and
when a sign happens, the reinforcement fan will usually
open. To test the best movement (uncompensated and
remedied) of the flight of stairs pressurized outline, kindly
enact a planning banner, and play the relating message:
1. Assurance all division dampers are open (if applicable),
and fans turn on flexibly.
2. With all entrances closed, measure and record the
weight difference of each stairwell entrance. The estimated
pressure difference should exceed the value required by the
specification. Pay attention to the effects of the stack; wind
speed and heading; and open-air temperature may affect
the estimated weight and frame balance.
3. Assess and record the power due to begin an entry using
a spring scale. Hold the entrance open and measure the
difference in weight over each stairway. Estimated having
opened power of the entry should not exceed code, while
the cross-sectional pressure over residual entries should
meet and exceed code.
4. Open the number of each entrance from the top, estimate
and record the power required to open each entrance
separately, and the weight difference of the remaining
stairwell entrances. The estimated inlet opening power
should not exceed the specification, and the lateral pressure
difference at the remaining inlet should meet or exceed the
prerequisites of the specification.
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 37
5. With every necessary entryway open, decide the bearing
of wind stream over every entryway opening. Check that
wind streams from the stairwell to the consumed space.
6. For reimbursed structures, seek after unclear procedures
from portrayed above anyway with one-of-a- kind
affirmations rules. At the end of the day, the arranged flight
of stairs pressure set point ought to be kept up all through
the trial, and the reaction time determined by the control
must be verified. The response period of the pressurized
control cycle should not decrease the nature of temporary
limitations below the value the code requires.
4.3 Activities and Maintenance Manual
The action and support manual will give preconditions to
guarantee the right action of the system for a mind- blowing
duration cycle. [NFPA 92-12:7.3] The undertaking and
backing manual will incorporate the accompanying:
1. The system utilized in the essential planning of the
structure resembles purposely demonstrating the structure
during arrangement.
2. Need of testing and audit of structure and system parts
and fundamental reiteration of testing (see NFPA 92).
3. The fundamental arranging presumptions utilized in the
structure and the structure and its utilization limitations
showing up in the structure suspicions and requirements.
4. Smoke control system inspiration [NFPA 92-12:7.3.1].
5. Both proprietors and ward specialists will be issued a
copy of the movement and backup manual. [NFPA 92-12:
7.3.2].
6. The structure proprietor is accountable for all system
checks and monitors any abnormal test and assist according
to the movement and maintenance manual. [NFPA 92-12:
7.3.3].
7. The proprietor of the structure is liable for continuously
restricting the usage of the room and for restriction of the
assignment and backing manual. [NFPA 92-12: 7.3.4].
Inside the framework, test archives and proprietor guides
and guidance should be recorded.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The dominating methods for improving the earth
in skyscraper stair fenced in areas are to ensure the
stairs utilizing stair pressurization frameworks. Stair
pressurization frameworks must be appropriately intended
to abstain from making unfavourable conditions to
leaving, for example, unsuitably high entryway opening
powers because of stack impact. The firm quality of the
power supply that drives the fan during the crisis should
be carefully studied. No matter what measures are taken,
they should not interfere with the power consumption of
the booster fan. Regardless of whether a crisis generator is
installed, the process of providing power to the fan should
aim at the goal, that is, a potential fire would not impact it.
It is best to plan the stair pressure frame by experienced fire
safety engineers who can handle all development details.
Remember that over-pressurized stairs can cause more
damage than anything else.

Erphan S Desai B.E.(Mech), A.M.I.(Mech) E, C. Engg, A.M.I.(Fire). E.(Lond ).

Chartered Fire Protection Engineering Consultant
Having 35 years of experience, in Fire Protection Engineering, having knowledge of Fire code, Fire Laws, Flammable materials
specifications, Fire Load calculation, Laboratory scientific methods. Over the period he had put in great efforts and mastered
umpteen number of skill/competency attributes which are the hallmark elements in Fire service, Emergency cum disaster
management and /Life safety profession.

Modern laws set out the Rules; Ancient Laws set out
Examples ….one is expected to deduce the general principle
which could then be applied to other cases….
- M. Hilton and G. Marshal

38 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 COLD ROOM / DEEP FREEZE WAREHOUSE
FIRES - RISK AND CHALLENGES
- Mr. Gopakumar A Panicker

Fire in a Cold Room / Deep-Freeze Warehouse may seem inconceivable at first. However, Fire Prevention cum
protection is a major issue in refrigeration and deep-freeze logistics.

Fire & Ice may look opposites, but they are not exactly independent of each other in a cold storage facility.
Despite the low cold – so called frigid – characteristic, these facilities are still vulnerable to the life and assets.
As we all know, seconds count when flames and smoke are let loose.

With reg. to the article under reference a ‘Cold Room’ is basically a Highly Insulated and/or Refrigerated,
Windowless Storage facility which poses some specific problems in terms of Fire Protection.

Considering the ‘material of construction’ factor (in relation to storage equipment), fire related risk in such
facilities can be as serious or at time even more as compared to other locations.

The Cost of the Materials, stored in a single cold room / warehouse shall be of Crores of Rupees and even a small
fire can result in heavy loss.

Figure 1: IMAGE OF A TYPICAL COLD ROOM

Reasons and Challenges ‘Insulated (Lagged) Metal Panels (IMP’s)’ such as

There are a number of specific Hazards associated Mineral Wool and Polyurethane/ Polystyrene Foams
with cold storage facilities, their functioning, upkeep (popularly known as PUF’s) are also combustible in
and maintenance nature thereby increasing the fire load in the building.

Minimizing the hazard is obviously crucial for anyone
operating such a facility.
The dry air inside cold storage facilities can aggravate
the fire risk. Temperatures inside such warehouses
could be as low as between (-)28 & (-) 30°C; at time
even between (-) 45 & (-) 50 These factors can result
into lower air humidity levels which can facilitate the
outbreak of fires.
The Building Construction materials and operational
systems also pose potential risks.
The Core Materials which are stuffed in to the
Additionally, the insulated walls and ceilings can
as well retain some fire related thermal energy. This
characteristic also poses additional risk leading to the
spread of fire.
In addition, few other Storage and Delivery Materials
in the cold storage facilities are combustible.
Frozen foods including marine (like fish), processed
dairy products such as creamer /butter/cheese, and
even some food coloring materials are often considered
combustible. They are also classified as Class III
Commodities. In fact, few of the dairy industry fires

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 39

on record had been very serious.
Meal kits, food stuffs including milk/ butter milk/ ice
cream etc., and even medicine tablets are often stored
in refrigerators. The containers could be tetra packs,
polythene pouches, foils etc., Large cardboard pallets
are kept in refrigerated rooms (see Figure 1 above).
Please remember that all of them are vulnerable to
fires on certain conditions / situations
Dried out cardboard and polystyrene can be ideal fuels
as we learn during the training programs featuring
“fire tetrahedron’ configuration.
The wooden pallets and packaging materials
commonly used to store goods are highly inflammable
in dry air.
The other leading causes of fire in Cold Rooms are
related to electrical distribution system and lighting
equipment.
High-intensity discharge (HID) lighting which are
very commonly used in modern warehouses pose a
serious risk; the temperature inside the light bulb can
reach about 1,000oC !
In many Cold Rooms, Ordinary Light Fixtures (i.e.,
not of ”Explosion proof design”) are being used.
The Electronic Components of the Drivers for such
light fixtures will have problems in extremely low
temperature, thereby leading to probable short circuit
situation followed by arcing/ sparking and fires.
An NFPA study titled ‘Structure Fires in Warehouse
Properties’, found that 18 percent of warehouse fires
from 2009 to 2013 were attributed to electrical
distribution and lighting equipment.
The combination of this heat source and the fuel
(often cardboard boxes) stored at ground level can
create a serious fire hazard.
Electrical Equipment and Automation carry
additional fire risks. The causation factors could be
cable breakage, overheating of conveyor motors on
pickers & belts, technical defects in refrigeration
units/ vacuum packaging equipment etc.,
Fork trucks, lifters, hot work, and arson/sabotage
(which also trigger out at times within workplaces)
are additional ignition sources as being observed in
cold storage facilities.
In many of the Large Cold Rooms, Ammonia is still
being used for Refrigeration. Anhydrous Ammonia,
is a highly combustible gas and has the potential to
40 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
cause catastrophic fires and booms, especially at
concentration levels of 15 to 28%.by volume in air.
Ammonia is considered as a dangerous substance in
terms of health hazard as well.
Higher Airflow can create fire risk by introducing
more oxygen, dispersing smoke throughout the space
and causing difficulty in carrying correct detection.
There could be narrow spaces between the racks as
well as near the walls in cold storage facilities. They
can cause obstruction to the operation of conventional
extinguishing systems and/or the movement of fire
brigade personnel.
Even external factors, such as hot work, as happened
in the case of the ‘Buffalo Farms’ Fire, one of the major
cold room incidents reported in New Jersey, can create
a major problem.
Like any other installations the key word is
“prevention” when it comes to the handling fire risk
in cold storages.
Precautions / Safety Measures
1. Select IMPs with a ‘noncombustible’ core,
preferably that are FM Approved (Class 1), under FM
Approval Standard 4880.
Such panels shall be LPCB approved and with
minimum 1 Hr. Fire Rating. In fact, these days upto 4
Hr. Fire Rated IMPs are also available.
2. Selection of Coolants for Refrigeration.
Use Nonflammable Refrigerant with Zero ODP
& Least GWP, approved / as recommended by
Competent Authorities.
Freon R 410 A & R 404 A ‘were’ the commonly
used Refrigerant for Cold Rooms. They are HFC
Refrigerants and banned in many Countries and same
thing will happen in India, in near future. (phase wise
change over is happening with reg. to the usage of
alternate/ safer materials)
11th May 2017: Fire destroyed the Buffalo Farms
Freezer and Cold Storage facility in Hammonton,
Figure 2: Major fire incident at New Jersey
New Jersey, resulting in an estimated loss of $3.5
million. Safety experts warn that the scale and contents
of these facilities are creating new hazards that will
need to be addressed by safer processes, technological
advancements, and code development (Please refer to
Figure No. 2 on previous page)
For Cold Rooms R448A and R449A and R452A or
R134a are excellent alternatives to R404A, with 50 to
65% reduction in GWP.
R513A, newer alternative, is also very appropriate in
medium back pressure (MBP) applications.
Countries around the world look for suitable
alternatives to HFCs (Hydro Fluro Carbons).
‘Hydrofluoroolefins are becoming the new industry
standard. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is also in the
reckoning as a potential substitute. A number of
supermarkets have already shifted to CO2 for their
refrigeration systems.
Fourth Generation (HFOs) Refrigerant like Opteon™
XP40 are now used in many countries.
3. Lighting
The Fixtures to be used shall be specially designed for
extremely minimum temperatures.
Fire Protection Challenges
Smoke Detection:
There are several factors that make the traditional fire
detection systems unsuitable for cold environments:
¾¾ Extremely low operating temperature, up to (-) 45
&v (-) 50° C.
¾¾ Low Humidity.
¾¾ Water vapor clouds
¾¾ High airflows diluting smoke.
¾¾ Inaccessibility for installation, maintenance, testing
and replacement
Traditional spot detectors are not designed to operate
at the sub-zero temperatures encountered in Food
industries.
Well designed and installed Aspirating Smoke
Detection (ASD / VESDA / HSSD) System could be
one of the solutions for Fire Detection in Cold Rooms.
The combination of programmable alarm threshold
levels and the advantage of extracting the air sample
out of harsh environment make ASD an ideal solution
for these facilities.
It can detect smoke at the very earliest stages, via
numerous sampling points, while reducing false
alarms and maintenance.
Fire Sprinkler Protection System.
Figure 3 ASPIRATION SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM
There is common misunderstanding among all
stakeholders that automatic fire sprinkler protection is
not needed in cold environments because everything
is frozen, and the chance of a fire is less. As the English
adage goes “All that glitters is not Gold” and a fairly
equivalent Hindi version “ Jo Dikta Hei O Bikta
Nahi”
History bears testimony to the fact that cold
environments ‘do’ burn and major losses due to
related fires have been recorded. Annual Estimate of
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) include
137 fires in freezers or cold storage areas, resulting in
more than $32 million in direct property losses. Many
Cold Room / Warehouse fires had also been reported
in India, including one in the Ballari Industrial Area
on 16th May 2021.
Providing automatic fire sprinkler protection in areas
subject to cold condition will provide an increased
level of property protection, as well as risk reduction to
people who are likely to remain present in these areas
as part of job requirements. In many cases, sprinkler
protection is mandated by the jurisdiction’s building
code or fire code. When sprinkler protection is
installed in cold environments, additional precautions
must also be adopted to ensure that it will operate
properly when needed.
In fact, ‘Wet Pipe’ Fire Sprinkler System will not be
suitable in Cold Rooms, due to possibility of water
getting frozen in main and branch piping which can
result in to their busting as well as subsequent failure
on the functioning of the vital Suppression System.
Here comes the need of Dry Fire Sprinklet systems
The System Design can be application specific with
sprinklers mounted at the ceiling, or in combination
with in-rack sprinkler.
Many of the Warehouse operators and designers prefer
to avoid in-rack sprinklers and associated piping, due
to the potential damage the probable of impact of
being hit by frequently operated fork trucks loaded
with material pallets.
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 41
Pre - Action Fire Sprinkler System
Pre-action fire sprinkler systems employ the basic
concept of a ‘dry pipe’ system in which water is not
normally contained within the pipes (popularly
known to fire fighters). The difference is that water
is held from piping by an electrically operated valve,
known as a ‘pre-action valve’. Valve operation is
controlled by the installation of an independent
flame, heat, or smoke detection.
Two separate operational factors are part of the water
discharge from a sprinkler system. First, the detection
system has to identify a developing fire and then
actuate the pre-action valve. This allows water to
flow into system piping, which effectively creates an
activity specific ‘wet pipe’ scenario. Second, individual
sprinkler heads need to open up and direct the water
flow onto the fire.
Accordingly, for Cold Rooms the pre-action fire
sprinkler system is required to be set up with a
double interlock in which pressurized air or nitrogen
can be injected in to system piping. The purpose of
this feature is two-fold: first to monitor the whole
piping loop for any leak and second to hold back the
water from system piping in the event of inadvertent
detector operation off all the sprinkler system types,
pre-action system is the most complex with several
additional components, notably a fire detection
system. This adds to the overall cost factor.
Dry Barrel Fire Sprinkler System.
Dray Barrel Fire Sprinkler is yet another but simpler
solution for Protecting the Cold Rooms / Warehouses.
Figure 4: DRY BARREL FIRE SPRINKLER
42 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
It is a barrel type equipment, as shown in the figure
4, with Sensing Unit (Frangible Bulb) inside the
cold room and outer end of the barrel (water inlet)
connected to the external Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler
System for the building.
Dry sprinklers work by preventing water from
entering internal sprinkler piping, which in turn can
get frozen at cold temperatures.
The barrel shall be a portion of the piping where the
water will be sealed until the heat element in the
sprinkler gets operated and releases air in the barrel,
which in turn releases the seal also. thereby allowing
water to flow through the orifice of the sprinkler and
sensitize the deflector to discharge water on the fire.
Under certain ambient conditions, wet pipe systems
having dry sprinklers can also freeze due to heat loss
by conduction. Therefore, due consideration should
be given to the temperature level maintained in the
heated space, the length of the pipe run in the heated
space, the anticipated temperatures in the non-heated
space and other relevant factors.
Dry sprinklers must be long enough to avoid freezing
the water-filled pipes due to conduction along the
barrel. Length of the barrel shall be based on the
Temperature rating of the Cold Room and the
external temperature at which the wet fire sprinkler
system is designed to operate.
Chapter 15 of NFPA -13(2022) and Technical Data
Sheet from the Manufacturer for Dry Sprinkler shall
be indicative of the minimum exposed length as
applicable to the barrel based on temperatures at both
ends of the dry barrel fire sprinkler.
When dry sprinklers are connected to wet systems
protecting insulated freezer structures, NFPA 13
also calls for the clearance space around the sprinkler
barrel to be sealed. Otherwise, any warm or moist
air (as the case may be) that comes into contact with
the dry, cold air inside the freezer is likely to cause
condensation and freeze around the sprinkler frame,
leading to obstructions or damage.
The practical problem with Dry Barrel Sprinkler is
the ‘drilling of holes’ on the Insulated Metal Panels
for ceiling and side walls for inserting / installing
Dry Barrel Fire Sprinklers. Even with perfect thermal
sealing, as recommended by NFPA and manufacturers
for IMPs as well as Dry Barrel Fire Sprinklers, there
are possibilities of thermal and well air / water leakage,
especially in long run.
For higher Size Cold Rooms / Warehouses, there is
a requirement of larger number of fire sprinklers,
accordingly larger number of holes!
Most of the clients and operators for Cold Rooms will
not agree for so many number holes in the IMPs.
Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System
Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System is the perfect water-
based fire suppression System for Cold Rooms
because it can’t freeze/ rupture a pipe as there shall be
no stagnation water in piping network
The Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems shall be with
automatic fire sprinklers and Internal Piping network
filled with pressurized air or nitrogen or any other
approved gas, instead of water to prevent freezing and
bursting of pipes
The Main Part of the System shall be a specially
Designed Fire Sprinkler Valve, known as ‘Dry Pipe
Valve’, it keeps the water supply from entering the
pipes until a fire causes one or more sprinklers to
operate.
Figure 5: DRY PIPE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
The Dry Pipe Valve creates a separation between
air / nitrogen pressure and water pressure in the
downstream of the valve.
These valves generally work on a differential principle.
This means, if a valve has a 6:1 differential, you can
hold back 6 Psi of water pressure with 1Psi of air /
nitrogen pressure above the clapper.
When fire sprinklers operate the upstream pressure
is lowered, the water pressure below the valve will
eventually overcome the differential and push the
clapper to open. This will allow the pressurized water
to enter the piping network and discharge through
already open / burst fire sprinkler(s).
Figure 6: DRY PIPE VALVE
If air is used as the infill in the internal piping network
work, the compressed air shall be always from a
reliable source of availability (NFPA-13)
In this case the compressed air, it should be 100 %
Dry; otherwise the moisture content in the normal air
would condense and create the possibility of a damage
to the system. This can also lead to corrosion in the
piping network if it is of Steel (Black / Galvanized).
Here comes the necessity of installing an ‘Air Dryer’
operated through a compressor.
However, still there is possibility of some moisture
content still left in the piping network.
Also, the compressed air is very reactive and when it
reacts with metals like the steel metal used in most
sprinkler system piping, oxidation occurs. That can
cause corrosion which can lead to bursting of pipes.
Hence it is advisable to avoid compressed air as the
infill for Dry Pipe Sprinkler System.
Nitrogen is proved to be the best ballast infill for the
Internal Piping Network of Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler
System, due to following:
Nitrogen is a stable inert gas and hence it does not react
with the metal pipe. With a dew point of (-)70°C,
any moisture remaining in the pipes after annual trip
testing cannot condense and, by eliminating virtually
all the compressed air within the pipes, corrosion can
no longer occur.
Nitrogen is also as a fire suppressant by reducing the
oxygen content within a room to a point at which the
fire will extinguish, without compromising the safety
of individuals present in the room. Nitrogen will not
decompose or produce any by-products when exposed
to a flame.
There shall be minimum chance of Damage caused by
water damage.
When Nitrogen or other approved gases are used, the
supply shall be always from a highly reliable source
available (NFPA-13)
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 43
This nitrogen Source needs to haveadequate capacity
to restore the system pressure within 30 Minutes (As
per nFPA -13, for refrigerated space working below
-15°C; the filling duration can be up to 60 Minutes).
But, for higher level safety, consider the filling time as
30 Minutes. This clause is applicable for air and other
approved gases.
Where stored Nitrogen and another approved gas are
used, the gas shall be introduced through a Pressure
Maintaining Device and that shall be in accordance
with NFPA-13. (This clause is applicable for air filled
system, also)
Figure 7: NITROGEN PRESSURE MAINTAINING DEVISE
A low-pressure alarm is to be provided with gas
storage to notify the need of refilling
A nitrogen Generator with required supply /
generation/ pressure rating is advisable as Nitrogen
Gas Source.
The System gas pressure shall be maintained in
accordance with the Instruction Details of Dry Pipe
Valve or shall be 1.4 Bar above the calculated trip
pressure of the dry pipe valve, based on the highest
normal water pressure of the system supply.
Any Leakage in the piping network and complete
system having loss of pressure in excess of 0.1 Bar for
the 24 Hrs. needs to be rectified.
The system to be interfaced with Fire Alarm System
for the project, through Flow Switch and Pressure
Switches, coming as integral parts of the Dry Pipe Fire
Sprinkler System.
The ‘Nitrogen Generation Rate’ required shall be
based on total internal volume of the piping network,
restore system pressure time of 30 (60) minutes and
10% safe / cushion factor.
The Pressure required for Nitrogen Generator can be
estimated in the following manner:
Consider the differential as 6:1; divide the water
supply pressure by 6 and add 15 to 20 Psi for a cushion.
44 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
This Differential 6: 1can change to 5.5: 1 or 5:1,
depending on the Manufacturers of Dry Pipe Valve.
The Technical Data Sheet of the Dry Pipe Valve,
selected, to be verified during design of the system.
As per nFPA-13, for Dry Pipe System the Area of
Sprinkler operation can be increased by 30% without
revising the density.
Also, many of the Warehouse operators and designers
prefer to avoid in-rack sprinklers and associated
piping, due to the potential damage from the impact
of moving fork truck loaded with pallets which are
very common among all warehouses.
Tyco Fire Protection Products, proposes 2 Fire
Sprinkler Systems, Quell & VanQuish, for Cold
Room Protection with following details
¾¾ Ceiling Protection up to 16.8 in Height
¾¾ FM Approved Fire Sprinkler, Ultra K34, 141°C
with minimum possible Temperature of - 51°C
¾¾ UL Listed and FM Approved Fire Sprinkler, Ultra
K17
¾¾ Eliminates in -rack Sprinklers.
¾¾ Less maintenance
¾¾ High system predictability
¾¾ Proper sprinkler activation sequencing
¾¾ Reliability ensured through 15 full-scale fire tests
¾¾ !0 years Warrantee for the system
Figure 8: ULTR K-34 FIRE SPRINKLER FROM TYC
Pipe Work for Dry Pie Fire Sprinkler System
Copper or Steel Pipes and Fitting are the best solution,
because performance rating of CPVC Pipe and Fitting
is poor below (+ )2°C.
Some International manufactures are claiming that
their CPVC Fire Sprinkler System can perform safe
up to negative temperature of (-) 15°C.
Galvanized pipe that is part of a nitrogen sprinkler
system has an expected lifespan of 92 years as
compared to as little as 7 years in a compressed air
system. Black steel piping can last 48 years in nitrogen
systems instead of the 16 years for the air-filled system.
For Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System for Refrigerated
areas, branch lines and mains shall be pitched at least
4mm./ Mtr. (NFPA -13, 2019, 16.10.3.3)
Conclusion smoke over time can be contaminated, and therefore,
As we know, refrigerated warehousing has become unusable.
inevitable for present day living and it is a fast-growing
technology. Here comes the need of Perfect Fire Detection.
Alarm and Suppression Systems, other Safety Systems
The cost of a fire goes far beyond the loss of the and Precautions.
building structure and materials. The perishable
nature of the goods, whether meat, produce or dairy References.
(costs multi millions of Rupees). Materials commonly 1. NFPA - 13 & 25
stored in freezers or coolers would call for avoidance 2. NFPA Journal, March April 2019 (Cold Fact)
any rise in temperature. 3. FM Global Data Sheet 2 -0 & 8-29
4. Media Reports on Cold Room / Warehouse Fires
Heat from a fire or a temperature rise due to in India and Abroad.
refrigeration system downtime following a fire; This 5. Article Published by various International Subject
can result in significant stock spoilage and revenue Experts.
loss. Even a spark or smoke from an emerging fire Also, experience in this subject.
can lead to costly losses if not detected and managed
early. Food products exposed to even low levels of

DIRECTOR and CHIEF CONSULTANT, VARUNASTRA, FIRE PROTECTION &MEP CONSULTANTS •Postgraduate in Electronics,
Diploma Holder in Mechanical Engineering & PGD in Fire & Safety •Diploma in Mechanical Engineering. •Post Graduate Diploma in Fire and
Safety. 40 years of experience in Fire Protection & Life Safety Systems and MEP Systems. 15 years of experience in abroad in the above domains.
During this period associated with many internationally renowned Architects and designed and commissioned ‘Fire Protection and Life Safety
Systems’ for many Industrial and Commercial Projects. Now involved in the design and supervision of fire protection and life safety systems, water
management systems, electrical work, low voltage systems and fire auditing for new generation industrial, commercial and residential projects in
Kerala. • Specialized in design of Water Management System for Green Buildings, • Fire Protection & Life Safety Systems, as per International
Standards and • Fire and Life Safety Systems Auditing. Actively participated in many national / international seminars and workshops on Fire
Protection & Life Safety Systems.

“Ay, but how chance this was not done before”

“Because my lords, it was not thought upon”
Christopher Marlowe, Edward the Second
Takeaway: Fire prevention aspects need to be
‘thought upon’ and implemented ‘before’ a
‘probable Occurrence

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 45

 Big Plans
NFPA helps shape an ambitious global initiative designed to improve fire safety
in the built environment over the next decade
In October 2021, an exciting new plan was announced
that could have a major impact on fire safety in the built
environment around the world—exactly the kind of
ambitious global initiative embraced by NFPA.
The effort is called “Global Plan for a Decade of Action
for Fire Safety” and was created by the International Fire
Safety Standards Coalition (IFSS), a group of about 80
fire safety organizations worldwide, including NFPA.
The goal of the plan is to “stabilize and then reduce the
forecast level of fire fatalities, injuries, economic cost, and
environmental impact around the world by 2032 as the
global population increases.” This can be done through
an internationally consistent approach to the safety and
management of buildings and infrastructure—no small
task, considering the forecasted increases in population
and urbanization. The plan outlines 15 objectives and a
list of more than 60 action items, presented in five general
areas: people, products, structures, infrastructure, and
community. It can be implemented at the individual,
community, city, national, regional, and global levels,
and can be used by any nation regardless of its income.
I participated in the development of this new IFSS
initiative, and what is particularly exciting to me is
that the plan is aligned with the United Nations’ goals
around sustainable development as well as the World
Bank’s Building Regulation for Resilience Program.
Using the NFPA Fire & Life Safety Ecosystem™ as the
starting point, we have created a tool that can support
the development of local, regional, and national plans of
action while simultaneously providing a framework to
allow coordinated activities at the global level.
The plan arrives at a critical moment for global fire safety.
The UN estimates that 2.5 billion people will be added
to the world’s urban population by 2050, with almost
90 per cent of this growth occurring in Asia and Africa.
This intense urbanization will lead to rapid construction
Reprinted with permission from NFPA Journal
46 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
of new buildings to keep up with demand, a process that
is challenged by different and at times divergent needs.
Historically, the focus of new construction has been to
ensure that buildings are structurally safe and that they
protect occupants from the weather. In recent decades,
however, an awareness of the role that buildings play
in creating sustainable spaces, including curbing our
use of fossil fuels, has caused us to rethink the built
environment. Buildings still need to protect us, and
the challenges spurred by climate change have led to a
focus on building resilience. But now we also want the
building to be energy efficient through an increased
use of insulation, and we may even want it to produce
energy by adding photovoltaic panels to the building
envelope. The products we use for construction as well
as the construction methods are also changing—think
3D-printed houses.
But an issue often overlooked in these discussions is fire
safety. As I’ve pointed out before, fire safety is too often
an afterthought, whether it concerns the development
of new products, the design of a new building, or the
creation of new building regulations or codes. For too
long, the fire safety community has played second fiddle
to other societal needs. But we can no longer accept this
limited vision among governments, codes and standards
developers, designers, or installers. Fire safety needs to
be incorporated from the start when shaping the built
environment of our future.
The “Global Plan for a Decade of Action for Fire Safety”
offers a unique opportunity to break down the silos that
exist in the fire-safety space and share our expertise in
creating tomorrow’s built environment. This won’t
happen unless we are willing to push this plan forward,
and I’m ready to do it. Read more about it at ifsscoalition.
wordpress.com.
Birgitte Messerschmidt is director of the Applied Research Group at
NFPA. Illustration: Michael Hoeweler
 MARKET BUZZ

MARKET BUZZ
Material Composition of Ball
Valves
- Mr. Sanjay Jude Nathan

Valves are essentially devices installed on a pipe line to control or isolate the flow. They can be kept in fully shut,
open or partially open mode. In plumbing systems, the valves that are commonly used are Ball, Check, Butterfly
and Pressure Reducing Valves.

We at Lehry Valves, have taken the first huge leap in setting up India’s first Manufacturing facility for the
production of non-ferrous and lead-free valves following various national and international standards. The 2
main hubs for the production of forged brass valves are Italy and China, but our idea was to break this chain and
set up a facility in our very own Country, taking advantage of the various schemes put forth by the Government
of India and also availability of many Class-A raw material suppliers at an arm’s length disposal.

About the Factory:

Built on 160,000 sq.ft of land, this manufacturing benchmark of less than 1% failure rate.
facility produces lead-free and non-ferrous products
that adhere to national and international standards
and certifications.

The manufacturing unit is extremely energy efficient

and utilizes solar energy currently capped at 30% of
its’ power dependency. The machines and product
designs are to produce the brass ball valves and as the
very first will bear an ISI marking. The facility is fully
automated and initially will operate at an estimated
error rate (number of flawed end products produced)
of less than 7% of overall production. With the
addition of increased automation, this percentile will
consistently decrease until we reach an industry-best

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 47

MARKET BUZZ

The facility incorporates 2 state-of-the-art forging Why? It is a rather “rusty” issue, really! The handle
machines (one horizontal and one vertical) that have is fixed on the valve by a nut, and this “set up” forms
the combined capacity to produce 8000 valves in a crevice. Now, rusting is accelerated at this localized
just one shift, currently surpassing demand. Due to region and thus makes this assembly weak.
the large production capabilities, we are looking at
an export market that will cover a predicted 30% of
overall production and will earn considerable foreign
exchange.

What do we intend to change?

In the field of plumbing, we have numerous standards
that guide us on valve and material selection. However,
we miss out on two major parameters:
1. Lead content in the composition of brass
2. Contents of the valve’s body that is NOT in
“contact” with water
3. Testing standards that actually MATTER.

Let us begin with point one. In India, we mostly
follow CW 617 N / IS-6912 FLB standard for
brass alloy used for ball valves for plumbing. This is
a standard that sets limits on the percentage of the
different metals used in the brass alloy. Lead is used
in brass alloys meant for forging as lead makes the
alloy ductile enough for forging. The Standard states
that the amount of lead (Pb) is not to be more than
2.5% and Copper (Cu) not more than 60% etc. This
again, is “limited” to the alloy used for the valve’s body
that comes in contact with water. Other components
use alloys other than CW 617N. However, if not
carefully selected, the lead content could be higher
which would lead to many health effects – and this
is primarily done only to bring down material cost
(by increasing lead content, copper content can be
brought down, thereby directly affecting cost).
The non-existence of proper standards guiding the
manufacturing and material selection of ball valves
is the main issue that has led to many manufacturers
taking advantage of the loophole; however, this
will not be for long as we are working closely with
standardization bodies in introducing proper
codes that will dictate material composition and
construction of ball valves (Such as a new ISI code).
However, there are composition standards that help
with material selection such as the aforementioned
CW617N / IS 6912- FLB standard and also the
international standard – C46500 / IS –6912 FNB
which is the renowned lead-free composition standard
for brass, which allows only 0.25% of lead in the brass
composition. This is primarily followed in US and EU
countries and is a mandated use throughout.
Another major problem faced in a ball valve is NOT
the body because this is the sturdiest “part” and
nothing hardly ever goes wrong with it but what
DOES go wrong - is with the HANDLE.
Rust on ball valve handle and at joint
It is due to this that we see, mostly in coastal regions,
that many handles of ball valves break within a span of
one year. This problem gets extra attention when final
site inspection is carried out by the consultant and the
client. The consultant will ask for replacement of the ball
valve if any ball valve has either rust or a rusted handle.
The ball valve is actually in perfect working condition -
but the consultant will ask for replacement with a rust-
free new ball valve. The contractor knows that without
the replacement his final payment will get stuck. This
problem is further aggravated if the project has been
delayed to various reasons. It could be as much as 18 - 36
months between valve installation and final inspection.
The solution – Dacromet*. It is always best to use
brass ball valves that have Dacromet plating on their
handles. Dacromet is a mix of aluminum and zinc
flakes and acts as a “barrier” to corrosion and making
it three times stronger than zinc coated handles.
Dacromet is widely used in the automobile industry
for the very same reason – corrosion prevention!
An alternative solution is to use aluminum handles.
M.S. handle with a ‘Dacromet’ coating
These handles are completely rust proof and long
lasting. There is a drawback of aluminum handles -
they are brittle and liable to crack in case of impact
(e.g., when the valve is dropped on to the floor).
Testing:
We see embossed on ball valves “PN40” / “PN30” /
“PN25” / “PN16” - meaning that the seats of the brass

48 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 MARKET BUZZ

ball valves are tested to these pressures (in bar or kg/
cm2 - e.g., PN16 valves are tested to 16 bar).
This is why, it is absolutely necessary to have ball
valves tested at even low pressures (usually through
pneumatic bubble test) so the buyer can be certain
that the valve would not leak at even low operating
pressures.

On a concluding note - there is a standard available for

all components and a solution to potential technical
Aluminum handle
problems.
These are the required pressure testing standards
BUT here again, in the field of plumbing, we hardly Here are some valves (Non-ferrous & lead free) that
ever operate at such high pressures. will be manufactured in our new LEED-Platinum
Rated Manufacturing Plant in Chennai;
On this subject, we need to study a little beyond the
body of the valve - we look at the ball itself ! The ball
is a free-floating ball that “sits” on the soft seat of the
valve. When the valve is operated at high pressure, it
is natural that the ball will sit on the seat due to the
pressure and chances of leakage are second to none.
However, at lower pressures, there is no absolute
“guarantee” that this free-floating ball would sit
securely on the soft seat. Something like a small
dent on the seat could cause leakage that would not
otherwise be seen in high pressure tests. This would
obviously cause leakage and these low pressures are Author’s Note:
what we face and implement in plumbing. * ‘Dacromet’ is one of many brand names for zinc-rich
dip-spin coating systems used for anti-corrosion.

Wikipedia - “Zinc flake coatings containing Cr (VI)

(hexavalent chromium): surfaces containing Cr
(VI) provide greater anti-corrosion protection with
a thinner coating, but Cr (VI) is carcinogenic and
poses a potential risk to the environment. Cr (VI)-
free coatings are more environmentally friendly than
surfaces with a Cr (VI) content”.
Sketch of brass ball pressing against the seat of the valve body

Special Noting
* ‘Dacromet’ is one of many brand names for zinc-rich dip-spin coating systems used for anti-corrosion.
Wikipedia – “Zinc flake coatings containing Cr (VI) (hexavalent chromium): surfaces containing Cr (VI) provide greater anti-corrosion protection with a thinner coating,
but Cr (VI) is carcinogenic and poses a potential risk to the environment. Cr (VI)-free coatings are more environmentally friendly than surfaces with a Cr (VI) content”.

Sanjay Jude has a background in B.E, Electronics and Communication Engineering from Anna University and has completed Business Analytics,
Economics and Sustainable Business Strategy courses at Harvard Business School. He has been with Lehry Valves for the last 6 years and has mainly
been handling Business Development for Lehry PAN India. Currently he serves as their Director – Business Strategy & Development

With a deep understanding of the functional and technical construction and working of valves, he also contributes to new product development and
R&D on existing products, giving them an improved edge to stand out.

The writing on the wall is not difficult to decipher;

Where the difficulty arises is in resisting temptation to close our minds to
the full dismaying purport of the message
-Worsthorne

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 49

 Fire Protection system within
a Road Tunnel
Case Study
- Mr. Varun Tiwari

Introduction: It is part of the 13.1 km long Package 14 handled by

Application of advanced technologies, development
of infrastructure and robust installation of fire
protection system are becoming essential ingredients
in all walks of life. In fact, they have become an
inevitable aspect thanks to enhanced awareness on
Fire cum life safety among society at large.
Selection of appropriate engineering technology and
design suited to different types and magnitude of a
given installation or facility are also matters of great
importance. This is with regard to their intricate
installation requirement and reliability assurance.
In the above context regular maintenance, upkeep,
checking, testing and certification by competent
authorities are equally significant.
M/S. Afcons Infrastructure Limited (AIL) for the
Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation
(MSRDC).
The organization with which the author has been
associated – M/S. Jyoti Fire Engineers- was entrusted
with the task of equipment/ machinery supply,
installation, commissioning, testing and handing over
of the Fire Protection System covering 18 KM’s of
Hydrant Line along the two gigantic tubes as cited.

‘Samrudhi Mahamarg’ Tunnel.

Taking all the above attributes in true earnestness,
here is one case study related to a modern as well
as effective Fire protection system which has been
successfully established and efficiently put in
operation. It is all about a unique tunnel route as
titled above which facilitates smooth flow of traffic
in a most difficult, rough and thickly forested hilly
terrain of Maharashtra region – between Igatpuri
(Nshik) and Vashala (Thane).

”The tunnel is 7.78-km long, covering two tubes with

a total width of 35 metres (i.e., 17.50 metres in each
tube)
During the process, the organization also had to face few unique
but important adversities.

50 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

1.Covid -19 episode was one among them. Work
started in the month of August 2021. This period was
even nightmarish to say the least with regard to the
loss of many lives in the Nashik Region because of the
pandemic.
Every employee had to be mandatorily tested for
negative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain
reaction (RTPCR) and wait for another 48 hours
before being permitted to enter the work premises.
Few workmen were tested positive and some were
psychologically scared of working in the confined
space of tunnel thereby causing acute manpower
shortage.
2. Heavy rainfall – Igatpuri has a highest rainfall
in Maharashtra and it continuously rains for four
months causing water logging, appearance of muddy/
slushy soil surface, vehicle movement restrictions
etc., which added to our woes making the situation
tougher to handle.
Still with the determined efforts of available
manpower, the agency could complete the work as per
the stipulated time frame.
3. Blasting – Afcons has a very professional way of
working with planning and safety. Despite that, work
used to get interrupted at time due to unforeseen
situations.
4. Installation of Hydrant piping at Height (5.8 Mts.)
all through the tunnel was also a major and difficult
endeavour. With all these constraints we could cope
with the activity. The special services extended by
our frontline Engineer Mr. Dip Ghosh and Technical
Head Mr. Sudhir Awalgaonkar are exceptionally
praise worthy.
The inspirational guidance and enthusiastic support
from M/S. Afcons have been instrumental all through
the execution of the assignment.
8. Number of construction machineries like boom lift,
Cortana, crane, etc., were to be used all of which carry
specific and serious work related hazards.
9. Fabrication equipment like inverter welding
machine, heavy drilling tools, chemical injectors,
etc., had to deployed on continual basis which call
of exceptional skill cum competence which are to be
developed on continual basis through onsite training
and motivation..
10. Faster grouting in the Rockstone had to be
undertaken in a specialized manner. Drilling in the
rock with lot of undulations was very difficult task and
that too within the timeframe. The service provider
could live up to those expectations.
11. Road PQC was also was going in parallel, causing
temporary halts for the hydrant job which the agency
could address judiciously by conserving maximum
available time.
12.Heavy dust emission used to occur within the
confined location. Engineering supervisors and
workers diligently complied with the use of respirator
mask, eye and body protection. Higher level of
safety standards complemented and enhanced the
productivity of our company.
13. Availability and use of Man lift across the passages
areas was provided for normal as well as emergency
situations (if at all warranted)
14.Walkie -talkie (radio communication) had to be
made available all across the tunnel in the absence of
network accessibility.
Construction and operation of these twin tunnels
of 7.7 kilometres each could be completed within a
record spell of two years. The Samruddhi Mahamarg
is in fact among the widest road tunnels of India.
Vehicles can be driven up to a speed of 150 kilometres/
hour!
The Free Press Journal had reported earlier as to how
these twin tunnels will turn out to be the new third
route to cross Kasara Ghat, thereby conserving a lot of
valuable time. One can cross the ghat in just 8 minutes
with the proposed speed limit on the highway as
approved by the traffic Police. Besides, safety will also
be ensured through a straight road and not a single
ghat to cross in between.
Now with this mega infrastructure, a smooth by-pass across
has been facilitated below the mighty Sahaydri mountains.
This developmental feat has not been smaller task. Besides,
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 51
it was also achieved without any accident. In the process
M/s Afcons also met the deadline which made the success
sweeter. Tunnel construction is part of package-14 of
expressway project and entrustment of task to M/s Afcons
reinforces the company’s position as a leader in execution of
mega infrastructure projects in the country.
”The Kasara tunnel project is a phenomenal one owing
to several innovations that have been incorporated in
its design aimed at bringing out highest level of safety
standards”, said
Mr. Satish Paretkar, Project director, a name to reckon
with in the domain of tunnel and other underground
construction projects in the country. Perhaps the best
part of the design is the ‘Inclined shaft’ as the road
traverses in steep upside gradient and there was a need
to adjust the 350 meters gap on both sides. This made
the attempt truly an engineering marvel!
Important Fire cum life Features of Kasara Tunnel
1. Firefighting system (Hydrant mains and take of
points)
2. Water Mist System
3. Hi-performance Extraction Fans
4. Linear fire detection cables
5. Radio Frequency devices
6. CCTV
7. WIFI and Mobile connectivity.
8. Adaptation of most modern lighting system
9. Reflective Signages
10. Availability of Service Lane
11. Heavy Drainage system in case of water logging or
flash floods.
12. 26 Cross Passages with fire retardant doors
13. Power pack of 2 Hours through generators
14. Installation of sub stations on both sides
15. Full scale application of SCADA system
And many more……………..
The author gratefully acknowledges the excellent
inspirational guidance and support received from
M/S. Afcons and specially M/S. Satish Paretkar
(Project director), Mallikarjun Rao (Executive Vice
President) and Sekhar Das (Project Manager)
He also eagerly looks forward to readers’ feedback on
this modest write-up

Hydrant system at Sahyadri Tunnel Hydrant image No. 2 of Sahyadri tunnel

Mr. Varun Tiwari is one among the youngest and highly energetic entrepreneurs with an experience of 20 years in the field of Fire safety. He is
heading an organization titled “Jyoti Fire Engineers” located in Nashik, Maharashtra. This entity is engaged in turnkey projects related to fire
protection systems including consultancy cum advisory services to a number of leading companies in both Public and Private sectors. His
establishment is also approved by the Maharashtra Fire service for conducting inspections as well as audits of different units and is duly listed
under www.maharashtrafireservices.com. Mr. Varun is passionately associated with the functioning of FSAI and had been pioneering many of
its developmental and developmental activities which encompass training as well as mass awareness creation programs. Currently he adorns the
position of President at its Nashik Chapter

52 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 Case Study Narrative on
Fire Incidents
Introduction: Time to time, we keep hearing a
plethora of devastating news of fire accidents in India.
One such incident that depicts how destructive fire
accidents can be is Haryana School Fire Accident
(23 December 1995). It is recorded as one of India’s
Worst Fire Disasters costing more than 400 lives. The
fire was triggered by a short circuit in a generator
during the school event. It was a matter of 7 minutes
to endanger the crowd as the synthetic tent used for
the event was caught on fire. The only exit available
was also blocked leaving very little space to avoid the
tent.
https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-
others/1995-dabwali-fire-accident-victim-i-will-
never-forget-my-children-the-other-victims/
Accidents like this tend to leave a bigger scar on both
the victims and the entire nation. It was revealed that
India recorded around 1.6million fire accidents so
far involving 27,027 fire accidents deaths. The most
vulnerable victims were children below 10 and the
elderly above 60 years.
https ://timesofindia .indiatimes.com/india/
every-5th-fire-death-in-world-is-in-india-study/
articleshow/72920852.cms
Many victims end up being helpless to escape an
unexpected fire accident due to the lack of awareness
and proper exit strategies. Let’s look at some fire
accidents in India that happened in recent years.
Major Fire Accidents Recorded In India
The year 2016- 2021
Putting Fire Accident (2016)
To celebrate the mark of the regional New Year,
thousands gathered to enjoy the firework on 10
April 2016. The accident started when a spark from
the faulty rocket fell in a large stockpile of heavy
firecrackers triggering a chain reaction. 111 people
died with 378 devotees severely injured.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/
puttingal-tragedy-cbs-chargesheet-mentions-59-
names/articleshow/78713581.cms
- Mr. Suresh Sabnis
Bawana Plastic Factory Accident (2018)
An Illegal firecracker manufacturing factory tells us
why it is important to follow the government norms.
Bawana, a plastic manufacturing company had an
illegal unit to manufacture fireworks. Around 6 pm,
the illegal unit was caught on fire risking the lives of
the labourers inside as their exit was blocked for other
construction activities. This accident took away the
lives of 17 people on January 20, 2018.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/
p olitics- and-nation/fire- at-pla stic-factor y-
in-b awa na - 9 - d e a d / a r ti c l e s h ow / 6 2 5 8 4 7 2 0 .
cms?from=mdr
Kamala Mills Fire Tragedies (2017)
The fire started from Kamala Mills – rooftop bar’s
hookah due to flying ambers which lit the nearby
flammable materials such as curtains and other
decorative items. The fire moved to the adjacent roofs
leaving people in chaos and panic as there was no
immediate emergency exits or fire safety equipment.
This accident took 14 lives and over 55 injured forcing
authorities to recheck the safety norms.
https ://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-
news/kamala-mills-fire-case-owners-of-
compound-discharged-others-to-face-trial/story-
xq5OkYI6pfPTIXJ0WvG5NO.html
Dharavi’s Cylinder Blast (2021)
A leaking gas cylinder caught fire on a narrow lane
opposite Hotel Mubarak on Sunday afternoon (29
August 2021). It was reported that someone dropped
a cigarette nearby the gas cylinder leading to a blast
affecting the people crossing its path. Two fire engines
and one water tanker reached the place to rescue
leaving 17 injured.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/
mumbai-17-hurt-in-dharavis-cylinder-blast-five-
critical-on-ventilator/articleshow/85750472.cms
Year 2011 – 2015
Nellore Train Fire (30 July 2012)
The fire caused by short-circuits in a sleeper coach
endangered the sleeping passengers. It was just a
matter of 20 minutes for the fire to spread fast as the
train was moving at 70 mph. With very few options
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 53
to escape, 15 people died and almost 25 saw a near-
death escape who luckily used the rear and forward
exists.
h t t p s : / / w w w. i n d i a t o d a y. i n / i n d i a / s o u t h /
stor y/tamil-nadu-express-train-catches-fire-
nellore-111595-2012-07-30
Pipeline Explosion – 2014 (Gas Authority of India
Limited)
On June 27, 2014, the underground faulty gas pipeline
maintained by GAIL got blasted. It is recorded that
the adjacent tea owner lit a stove early in the morning
resulting in an explosion. Huge flames erupted from
the damaged pipeline gutting the nearby houses, stalls
and crop fields. 23 people lost their lives and around
40 were severely injured.
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/live-
gail-pipeline-blast-in-ap/article6153701.ece
Year 2006-2010
Meerut Trade Fair Fire Accident (2006)
The fire caused by a short circuit lit the 100 m long
tent covering the event endangered the visitors due to
lack of emergency exits. The incident killed 65 people
and injured 150 with several injuries.
https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-
others/2006-meerut-fire-accident-victim-if-my-
mother-is-not-dead-why-cant-they-find-her/
Year 2001 – 2005
Kumbakonam School Fire Accident
Dated on 16 July 2004, this accident took away the
lives of 94 innocent students aged from 4 to 10 as the
result of a fire that started from the school’s kitchen
log while preparing food. It was an easy spread as it
was a thatch-roofed 3 storey building. The thatched
roof & its supporting bamboo poles were caught on
fire; it fell on children also blocking the exit. Madras
High court charged and convicted the responsible
staff including teachers, department officials and
municipal officers.
https ://www.newindianexpress.com/states/
tamil-nadu/2021/jul/17/public-obser ve-17-
year-anniversary-of-kumbakonam-school-fire-
tragedy-2331368.html
Year 1995 – 2000
Uphaar Film Theatre Fire (1997)
This is one of New Delhi’s worst tragedies as fire broke
out at Uphaar Cinema hall. The smoke emerged from
54 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
the parking lot but the audience didn’t suspect fire as
they assumed it was a part of the theatre’s effect. But
later, they realized that the blaze spread by the leaking
oil from the transformers already burnt 27 parked
vehicles.
The incident recorded 59 deaths and over 100 people
severely injured with the stampede while screening
the Bollywood movie, “Border” on June 13, 1997.
https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/
uphaar-cinema-fire-1997-gopal-ansal-sushil-victims-
case-supreme-court-s-a-bobde-6283223/
So what went wrong?
With extensive precautions, many lives would have
been saved. Probably, applying the right safety
measures at the right time would have prevented such
ill-fated accidents.
Top 5 Reasons for Fire accidents:
1. Improper use or storage of flammable materials
Flammable materials should be properly contained
in a temperature-controlled ventilated area. Avoid
placing the materials near igniting sources & keep
them accessible to fire-fighters. All materials must be
properly labelled with preventive signs to alert the
users or passer-by.
• Unattended and overloaded electrical equipment
Equipment on the use or overnight machinery must
adhere to the safety instructions before leaving it
unattended. No heavy equipment must be overloaded
above its capacity. Regular inspection and optimal
usage of equipment will reduce the risks involved.
• Blocked fire exits
This is the topmost cause of many disastrous fire
accidents as it restricts the emergency exit during an
event. It is advised to conduct mock-drill or periodical
inspection/auditing to ensure a less chaotic escape
plan from dangers.
Fire exit is the first step of emergency rescue strategy
followed for any fire accident. Thereby, it is the duty
of every individual to be well-informed about the
emergency plan and a systematic way to exit when an
incident occurs.
• Defective products/ machinery
Defective products will endanger may cost lives on
prolonged usage. It is highly recommended to stop
using it and replace it with a better product to avoid
its adverse effect. Every product must go through
periodical quality inspection and preventive safety
actions to safeguard it from dangers.
• Bypassing the safety rules and limitations
After many fire investigations, it is found that not
complying with the guidelines of national, regional
and municipal laws lead to an unsafe and vulnerable
environment. Alternative procedures for a safety
method can be implemented with approval in case of
temporary conditions.
These incidents leave us an alarming wake-up call for
safety. Keeping in mind the disastrous consequences,
it simply proves how significant safety awareness is
for every individual. In any case, safety equipment
and personal protective equipment must be kept
accessible to all the occupants on a premise.
In India, all the buildings should comply with fire
safety regulations as per National Building Code
(NBC), Building Regulations Act and NFPA
(National Fire Protection Association) Act to
delineate a fire-safe building.
Some basic regulations that any building should
adhere to the fire-safety guidelines are as follows,
• All buildings should not exceed the maximum
occupancy limit
• Any work-in-progress section must be rightly
protected and equipped with fire equipment, first aid
and easy access to ambulance on a standby
• All occupants must be educated with emergency
exits, safety equipment and must have immediate
contact of rescue personnel
• Periodical check and maintenance of safety
equipment
• Ventilation and emergency exits must be atleast one
meter long with no disturbances
• Waste disposals, cigarette butts and containers must
be in open spaces free from other materials nearby
In industries where the fatality rate for fire accidents
is higher, it is recommended to equip your workers
with adequate knowledge in fire safety to best prevent
major accidents.
Every organization can prevent such fire disasters
with fire audits and fire safety training among the
employers for maximum protection.
Fire Audit and Fire Safety Training
Due to the disastrous nature of fire accidents, every
building is recommended to get audited with fire
safety. Fire audit is a must for warehouses, malls,
commercial, residential, e-commerce, hospitality,
educational institutions etc. The process and benefits
of fire audits vary from one building type to another.
It is desirable that the services of accredited
professionals are requisitioned by all concerned
organizations and comprehensive / thorough audits
get executed. The recommendations for rectifications
cum suggestions for further improvements also need
to be complied with through an effective as well as
well conceived time bound action plan.
Why Fire Safety is Important in Your Workplace?
Fire accidents can be very disturbing and devastating
for anyone. When they happen at any place near you,
you will be able to witness how many lives it can take.
If it can be so dangerous when it happens in an open
place, then you can estimate how dangerous it can be
when it happens in a closed building or an industry
where thousands of people work every day. So, all
business owners should take fire safety measures in the
workplace to ensure the safety of their own business
and the safety of thousands of people working under
them. You should meet all the safety and health
standards required at your work premises.
Many business owners are not sure why fire safety is
important in the workplace, so they neglect it. But
that can lead to many problems, and hence you need
to understand its importance first. There are countless
reasons to explain why fire safety is important in your
workplace. Let us have a look at a few of them here.
Fire Prevention:
There is a saying “Prevention is better than cure”. This
can be applied to every part of your life. It is always
good to be prepared to prevent something bad from
happening, rather than preparing to cure it. Taking
care of some simple things can help you to prevent a
fire like keeping your workplace clean, and managing
the waste in the workplace in the right way. Along
with that, you should also be able to reduce the
chances of electric fires.
Your Local Law:
If you the owner, land occupier, landlord, employer
at non-domestic premises, you are solely responsible
for workplace fire safety. When you do not follow
the required standards inside the premises, you can
answer the law if something goes wrong. Inspections
are done from time to time to make sure that your
premises are safe for the employees. If something
comes out during the local government’s inspection,
you will end up paying hefty fines to the government.
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 55
Minimizing Damages:
When you understand the importance of fire safety,
you will minimize the damages to your premises. You
will not just be able to save the lives of the people
working at your workplace, but you can also save the
machinery and raw material. You can never predict
the loss that a fire accident can cause to your business.
Sometimes it takes even years for you to resume back
your business after a fire accident. So, it is good to
take measures for the prevention of fire accidents.
Reduces Cost:
When you take measures and do a fire safety audit
from time to time, you may just have to spend a
few bucks on it. This will be an annual cost for your
business, which will be quite less compared to the loss
that you will have to face due to a fire accident. So, it
is always good to prevent it.
Plans for an Emergency:
In case of any emergency, you will have a plan ready
for you. You will be able to handle the fire accident
when you know what has to be done in case of a fire
accident. You can plan the fire exits and educate your
employees about what has to be done in emergency
situations. The loss and the cost that you need to pay
for a fire accident can be reduced.
Usually, you will have to get in touch with the fire
safety audit service providers. We will help you and
your employees understand the importance of fire
safety in the workplace. They will provide you with
the necessary suggestions and planning for the worst
scenario. They will help you identify the places of risk
in the work premises, making it easy for you to handle
fire accidents. Any small changes in the workplace
plan or changes in the number of employees working
in the firm should be reported to the audit team.
Always keep a record of all the information to make it
easy for you to plan better for the next time. You will
need the help of professionals to get the fire safety
audit done.

Mr. Suresh Sabnis is A manufacturing Chemist who with his passion & dedication for Environment, Health and Safety received accreditation as a
Qualified Safety Officer in the Gazette of Government of Maharashtra. Acquired Post Graduate qualifications in Industrial Safety and Chemical
Safety, as well. He possesses 40 + years’ experience in Chemical, Dye-Stuff, Pesticide and Pharmaceutical Industries with dedicated 30 years in
Environment, Health & Safety and Fire Management.

Lessons pertaining to FSAI domain: We are intelligent enough to understand the

meanings of the Fire cum life safety and Security relevant messages depicted all
around. Now let us also do a voluntary fact check as to how many truly abide by
them! Nothing should prevent anyone from putting in more determined efforts to
bring in further improvement wherever applicable.

56 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column

FOREWORD…
Welcome to Pink Pages of the “Chetna – Arena for
Surakshit Naari” column
SURAKSHIT NARI is a strategic initiative started in
2020 by FSAI. To feel safe and secure is a fundamental
right of women. Women should be free from violence,
harassment and discrimination and removing the
barriers of an unsafe environment can help women
fulfil their potential as individuals and as contributors
to work, communities and economies. The importance
of protecting women’s rights is recognised in the UN’s
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly
those on Gender Equality (SDG 5) and Decent Work
and Economic Growth (SDG 8).
The major objectives of Surakshit Nari are awareness
on fire safety & security, women safety training,
physical & mental strength of women, gender bias,
self-defence tricks, increased representation of women
in various domains etc. Women Empowerment being
close to my heart, and to achieve these objectives, I
strive to meet and understand various personalities
who have dedicated their life for the betterment of
women.
I am delighted to introduce Dr. Harsha Joshi to our
readers. She has been working for the past 30 years
for rural development initiatives in various villages in
India. It was very impressive to know how strongly she
works as a change agent to foster the emergence of a
true and inclusive world. Her focus areas are women’s
health, empowerment and education sectors. I have
watched her go to schools and provide training. She
is the founder of Anubhuti Social Empowerment
and Educational Foundation (ASEEF), a non-profit
organisation solely focussed on vitalising the local
economy. In her interview there is an insight as to
how she has elevated the lives of many women living
in rural areas through the ASEEF initiatives.
Meet Sonia.
Ms.Sonia Agarwal Konjeti is the founder of PULA
group. PULA stands for “Pune Ladies”. She built a
FEMALE-FAMILY, a community for women where
she empowers lakhs to build and grow their own
business. Sonia envisioned the group to become the
‘second home’ for most of these women in Pune and she
has successfully achieved her dream. It is an absolute
pleasure to talk to Mrs Sonia Agarwal Konjetti about
her journey from a 300 members facebook group to
200,000+ all-women group. She provides the largest
community platform in India to women for their
home-businesses, domestic violence issues, safety
concerns, exchange of ideas, family issues, opinions,
asking for any kind of help, promoting their business,
and much more, under the group rules. I myself am
part of PULA Group on Facebook and I have seen
myself over the years how Sonia has made PULA an
icon in Pune and read so many success stories. Let us
read in her own words how she started this and what
kept her motivated to reach such heights.
Happy reading!

Ms. Sujal Shah is a graduate Information Technology Engineer from Saurashtra University and a post graduate in Business Administration. She has
also undergone Certificate programs in Marketing, Human Resources and International Business Management. She has a vast and rich experience
working in IT consulting in the beginning of her career and later she decided to join her family business. She has a total working experience of 20
years.

She has been leading the manufacturing organization NEWAGE FIRE FIGHTING CO LTD, GUJARAT, which manufactures the fire fighting
equipment like fire hoses, hydrants, Foam Equipment & Generator, Sprinkler System, Foam Inductor, Monitor & Monitor Nozzle, Gate Valves,
Hose Reels & Accessories etc. as well as fire vehicles in India. Ms. Sujal takes care of exports and imports for the organization. She leads the
respective teams and shows exemplary performance and contributes not only towards the success and growth of the organization but also ensures
the development of her team members. She leads by example.
She is working in a domain of “Fire Fighting Industry”, which is very niche, there are almost nil women members in the top management roles in
this sector. She almost always finds herself to be the “odd woman out” in a room full of men while attending conferences, webinars, meetings etc.
Though the world is changing, there is still a gender bias everywhere. Heading a manufacturing company and dealing with the works managers,
supervisors, machine operators etc., has not always been easy for her. Acceptability for a ‘woman boss’ was a major issue initially in a male centric
industry. However, her constant striving for organization development and self-learning helped her a great deal.

On the philanthropic side, She is an active Rotary International Member, currently serving as Service Director and IT Director at Rotary Club of
Pune Amanora. She has been part of various literacy training sessions, economic development projects, medical awareness programs, installation
of water ATM’s in villages, helping jumpstart livelihood for the people affected by the pandemic etc. Apart from this, She also takes care of all
the CSR activities for ‘NEWAGE’ Fire Fighting Co Ltd. Played an instrumental role in organizing and managing blood donation camps, health
checkup camps etc.,

She is National Vice Chair for the strategic initiative of Surakshit Nari at FIRE AND SECURITY ASSOCIATION OF INDIA. She is an active
member of FSAI, Pune Chapter. She is also an active member of Indian Plumbing Association, ISHRAE( (The Indian Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers). and FOCUS (Forum of critical utility services).
She plays an instrumental role in organizing various seminars, webinars and conferences for these associations. She has a larger goal of giving back
to society in whatever ways possible and trying to make the world a better place to live.

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 57

Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column

Special Interactive Session:

Dignitary at the centre:
Ms. Sonia Agarwal Konjeti,
Founder of “PULA”
Interviewer from FSAI – K.N.K. Murthy, Journal Editor

I: Introductory segment
About the interviewee: Academics: Ms. Sonia is a B.
Com and B. Ed. with Masters in Journalism from Pune
University. She started working with Wipro in 2006
in Pune. For five years she was in Mumbai where she
also served TCS as a trainer. After becoming a mother
and on return to Pune in 2011 she had a small stint as
a teacher with The Orbis School. In parallel, the spade
work for a dream project to start an organization to
empower women was brewing.

Accordingly, a revolutionary change took place in 2015

when she created own social service related venture by
kickstarting her brain child community titled “PULA –
Pune Ladies” consisting of a small team of 3.

The three significant motives in this endeavour aimed at

serving women fraternity were
¾¾ Connect women groups to facilitate mutual
interactions on common issues.
¾¾ Make every woman financially independent.
¾¾ Break the culture of Silence – help women community
going through specific challenges and empower them.
As on date, PULA provides opportunity for 13, 000+
duly verified entrepreneurs and help them enhance their
business on such a huge platform. It now serves as ‘Pune’s
Google’ social medium.
During the 7 year’s spell Ms. Sonia had achieved few
significant accolades and achievements They include:
¾¾ Recipient of an Award at ”House of commons” in
London
¾¾ ”Savitribai Phule Sanman 2021”
¾¾ “Most Influential Women Empowerment”.
B: Recognitions/ Accreditations
¾¾ Attended one Global Facebook conference in
Germany and presented a case study on PULA
¾¾ Felicitations at the hands of Madam Maneka
Gandhiji Ex. Hon. Union minister and Mr. Jitendra, a
renowned movie Super star.
¾¾ Featured two times as a TedX speaker
¾¾ Topping her batch in a “Sponsorship program on
Women Entrepreneurs” at IIM, Bangalore

II: Interview segment
Q1: Madam, our hearty welcome to this interactive
session at the behest of FSAI. We identify Ms. Sonia as
the founder of ”PULA ”, a unique highly progressive,
fast growing and very popular ‘social community
organization” dedicated to society at large and
particularly women. Accordingly, first of all I would like
to ask as on how you came up with the idea about this
type of initiative?
Answer: Soon after cracking Commerce graduation and
Master’s degree in Journalism in early 2000’s, I was keenly
passionate to get into a professional career dealing with
Radio/ TV program anchoring or similar professions and
settle down in life. Thereby I also wished to support my
parents financially as from the earlier stage itself I had a
realization about the significance of financial security for
people in all walks of life including women. However,
there was no immediate scope for getting a job of the type
mentioned above in Pune and parents were not inclined to
send me alone to a distant location. Therefore, I searched

58 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column
for an alternate option which could be within this
hometown in some leading organizations and fortunately
got selected at WIPRO and started working in their Pune
establishment as a Trainer. Meanwhile I got married and
immediately moved out to Mumbai. While over there, I
could get a placement in TCS and joined the organization.
The responsibilities also included few supportive functions
related to their Taj Hotel. Incidentally during the tenure
between 2006 & 2010, the 26th Nov ‘08 terrorist attack
took place and my office at Vikroli was entrusted with few
important coordination jobs to help the guests and others
who were affected. I still vividly remember how best as TAJ
family we could execute some noble emergency handling
duties. In fact, I was in the midst for seeking ‘maternity
leave’ at that time but decided to postpone the plan for
few more days and continued working till normalcy got
restored.
In 2011, I left Mumbai and returned back to Pune. There I
pursued the B.Ed. education, cleared it and immediately got
a job in a nearby school where my child also got admitted!
Meanwhile, in 2015, PULA was launched and in order
to devote full time for it, I left the school job . Today, this
social community (my second child!) is 7 ½ Years ‘young’
Q2: The name PULA (Pune Ladies) sounds very
interesting. How did you coin it up and come up with this
idea in relation to women empowerment?
Answer: As already mentioned against the previous
question, the main purpose of the PULA initiative is to
provide a platform for as many of the potential entrepreneurs
among the women group to attain reasonably adequate
financial stability with sustainability. To gain access for all
such aspirers “face book” became one among the best tools.
Applications started coming and the numbers increased
gradually. From an initial entrepreneurship of 30, now it has
touched 14,000. You name a choice, we had either created it
or we can provide the one which are not in the updated list.
Examples of the ‘groups’ already listed pertain to Mother,
Siblings, Fitness, Education counselling, Shopping, Food
delivery, House/ Office furbishing, Event management,
Marriage alliance, Travel arrangement, Medicare, Women
security assistance, Bridal makeup, Jewellery, Footwear
etc., just to name a very few. Why, even the most popular
Ganesh Mahotsav celebration is also in our domain! The
Facebook membership has grown from 300 to 2.5Lacs as
on date.
Q3: In the same context, how did you garner the
determination to cast aside the opportunity that was
already available to continually engage with organizations
like WIPRO/ TCS? In fact, such careers are not only
considered lucrative by any common citizen but aspired
for by the younger generation?
Answer: Already indicative in the answer to Question No.1
Q4: Even through a widest imagination, achieving a
membership growth from 300 to 250, 000+ within a
span of 7 years of commencement for any organization
is inconceivable. How did you work for it and achieved
the magic feat?
Answer: The admission system is strictly conforming to
merit and no influential interferences do take place. On an
average mostly 20 out 100 applicants get short listed – Face
book features were part of scrutiny. Now the validation is
easier; it is not a magic figure but the result of ahard work
put in by our team.
Q5: It could be understood from the profile that there
are a number of entrepreneurships created by PULA.
The choices could be a mix – either directly opted and
requested for by ‘would be stakeholders’ or on the
advice of PULA. In this case we at FSAI would seek
your guidance and motivation on the areas of trading /
marketing of Fire safety or Security/ Automation related
appliances by individuals or agencies aspiring for them.
Let’s discuss a little bit on that
Answer: Online marketing made things easier first; two
days per week dedicated for promotions & branding.
Sellers associated with Day 1 of the launch had not left us.
Rs. 5000 to 2lakhs per month could be the per member
earning. To your specific query about Fire/Safety/Security
devices/appliances currently they are not in our existing
portfolio. We may have to include them in the future
planning.
Q6: Directly related to the above question, personal
safety and security – especially in relation to women and
children are part of FSAI’s facilitation efforts and the
ongoing “Surakshit Bharat” concept we have created and
nurturing all through. In this three important areas are
most important
i) Physical safety – domestic as well as social related
inequality, violence and atrocities inflicted on women
ii) Cyber security threats.
iii) Misuse/ abuse of social media
Your take on how society in general and organizations/
groups/ communities like PULA can help improve and
safeguard the personnel from these types of threats
Answer: Online connectivity with lawyers is available, who
are competent to offer right advices. There are specially
invited speakers, trainers and consultants whose guidance
can be availed on an array of attributes like safety, security,
cybercrime safeguards. As we all know, today no work
can be executed efficiently without the use of automated
gadgets. In fact, after 4 years things have improved much.
Incidents of photos or data being hacked have reduced
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 59
Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column
substantially. Fraudulence is also getting quickly identified
and eliminated from the system.
Mutual trust is improving, Special verification of data
to safeguard any social media business has been fully
automated and secured through ‘PULA verification seller
cards. E com, exhibitions are held at regular intervals to
sensitize the stakeholders on the efficacy of safe online
transactions.
Q7: Madam, since you are doing this business as a
successful woman, how do you manage – rather cop with
domestic responsibilities which are equally demanding
and time consuming?
Answer: I am blessed with an excellent, understanding and
empathetic husband. Other family members have also been
of great help and guidance for me to easy out the worries
and additional stresses. While devoting adequate time for
job completion, any of the opportunities for intermittent
breaks and outing are not curtailed. Doing a balancing
act is also needed to be a part of your management
calibre and professionalism. Having a great team with you
complements it.
Q8: Do you organize any certified ‘training programs’ or
insist for that when someone approaches with a request
for entrepreneurship of a specific nature which call for
such a thing especially if it is mandatory too?
Answer: Till now we did not do any certification training
programs but in general training programs which helped
60 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
our entrepreneurs are growing. I recently got certificated
from IIMB on Women Entrepreneurs. Accordingly, the
plan now would be to provide certified training programs
to our community members.
Q9: Would you like to give any tips to women
entrepreneurs, so as to help them develop their skills?
Answer: i) Priority needs to be given on whatever you
venture and execute. “If you are not happy with the job
you execute the outcome would automatically be of poorer
quality”.
ii) At least during a ‘6 months’ interval, we need to pause
and take stock of the situation by doing an independent
review checking as to much more you would have done on
the same activity desirably with little more investment, time
allotment and inclusion of more professionally competent
as well as more skilled manpower.
iii) Do not keep copying/ repeating which you already do;
bring in variety and revolutionary changes. Be innovative.
Q10: In conclusion, any specific message to the Journal
readers who mostly constitute our membership
fraternity.
Answer: i) Be consistent in branding and innovation.
ii) Upscale your skill. Invest in learning.
iii) Learn to test new waters
iv) Learn from failures; but do not repeat them
v) Do not just carryout and be just satisfied with the
completion of journey; but enjoy it fully during the
process!
 Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column

Special Interactive Session:

Dignitary at the centre:
Dr. HaRsha Joshi, Founder of “Anubhuti” Social
Empowerment & Educational Foundation (ASEEF), Pune, Maharashtra

Interviewer from FSAI – Ms. Sujal Shah, National Vice chair, Surakshit Naari Wing

I: Introductory segment
Born in a middleclass family at a small town in
India, Dr. Harsha is a renowned visionary engaged
in a number of voluntary services which have been
empowering many women in the society. Her parents
who had also served as teachers were keen and
successful in instilling a “Giving back” cultural ethic to
their daughter. She has always been taking up a range
of issues affecting women and wherever required had
come out and contributed her best. This is to ensure
that anyone seeking advice or inspirational guidance
are able to get the benefits which are genuinely due to
her as a matter of right. She holds her MPhil and PhD
in Reproductive Physiology from Gujarat University.
Harsha madam has been associated with different
rural development initiatives in several states of India
since last 30 years. Her focus areas are women’s health,
education and social upliftment. She had served as a
research coordinator in Bharatiya Agro Indsutries Coming to ‘Anubhuti Social Empowerment &
Research & Development Foundation (BAIRDF), Educational Foundation (ASEEF)’, it is a ‘not for
originally established as Bharatiya Agro Industries profit’ organisation founded in 2016 and solely
Foundation (BAIF), a renowned NGO of the country focussed on vitalising the local economy. ASEEF with
for many years. In addition to that Ms. Joshi has its team of locally identified and trained members
been involved in coordinating several participatory are working to several opportunities for livelihood.
research programmes based on Eco - health Approaches The foundation strongly believes in enhancing skills
in relation to Human Health in association with through training and hand holding the main target
Canadian International Development Agency group of elderly women and youth. The entity could
(CIDA) – International Development Centre realise that a very important factor to boost the
(IDRC) initiative. Besides, Madam is the founder local economy is through the use of local produce.
member of an association titled ‘Akshara’ aimed at Thus, by ensuring utilisation of the ‘local’ factor, its
offering ‘Equal Access to Opportunities’ for women. value addition gets integrated into the livelihood
This is a project of Mahindra United World College of enhancement activity. Sustainability is the keystone
India. She also had a stint as a director of programmes and ASEEF has considered it as the most appropriate
over there for fourteen years. Despite possessing a attribute from the start and continues to work for the
doctorate in basic science, she strongly believes that welfare of community at large. Thereby, it effectively
the ‘human laboratory research work’ can generate contemplates on the development programs at each
more meaningful learning and experiences which level. It has also been working in the villages of Mulshi
serve as important remedies to many challenges that Taluka for the past four years.
the world is encountering.

II: Interview segment

Answer: I had never dreamed to become an
Q1: What motivated you to start an own business? entrepreneur in my life! I even did not know how to
Tell us a bit about the journey so far. run business. But, two or three important incidents

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 61

Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column
helped me to take the mantle of a business woman.
While working in Akshara - we used to motivate
rural students to peruse and fulfil their dreams. One
day few girls from a nearby village approached us
and expressed their desire to go for fashion designing
course after their 10th grade. We appreciated that
idea and got their admissions done in Pune. They
completed the course very successfully and joined
a professional boutique to make a career. After few
months they came back to meet me again. I thought
they would be very excited and happy with what
they are doing now. However, they were quite upset
on that aspect and lamented like this. “First of all,
none of us feels comfortable in commuting between
Pune and our villages on regular basis since the daily
expenses are high. Another equally important factor
is the inability to utilize the learnt knowledge, apply
it to the full potential and demonstrate our skills. In
fact, you taught us that one must not do what one
dislikes!”. Then they posed a question. “Can we not
do something in our village itself and let more to join
with us?” I nodded and this is how our tailoring wing
took birth and came up under the brand name ‘Kruti
in-house’ which is now very popular in the locality.
Further, as you are aware, in order to create livelihood
opportunities for women, one should also focus on
something which is related to farming especially in
the rural zones of our country where ‘agriculture’ is
the major source of business and income. This is more
so because among the farmers’ community 60 % of
work is done by women all along the farmlands. On
the side lines of this, it is also true that viability is poor
for marginalized farmers in this category as they are
not in a position to take on the marketing and sales
aspects all alone. We even observe that the frustration
level reaches such a level where farmers had no choice
to but destroy the crop they created with full zeal by
sweating it out all through! Hence, we realised that it is
very important to get associated entrepreneurs dealing
with agriculture produces. Keeping this in mind, we
have started a small food processing unit. Idea is to
integrate farmers as well as youths and connect them
with socially sensitive customers at large who can
create market for us. Today, we are improvising the
farm produces and preparing food article like jam/
pickle spreads It is also delighting to notify that these
products are made under very hygienic conditions and
ensuring perfection through traditional test methods.
RAGI “LADUS and COOKIES” have also been
added to the kitty and they are selling like ‘hot cakes’
among society with highest satisfaction level.
Q2: What all could be considered as significant
achievements in your societal service efforts?
Answer: We could train more than 100 women in
62 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
Mulshi area in tailoring profession and now they are
able earn livelihood very easily. Anubhuti foundation
also helps to expand the business market for tailors
and we were able to get regular orders for more than
30 of them. In fact, we have developed more than
10 master artisans in this field who can train other
women.
I am very proud to share that thanks to higher quality
of stitching, more orders including few from overseas
are being received for women’s attire and hand bags.
The countries include Hong Kong and Norway. On
an average the income rates range between Rs. 6,000
and 30,000 per month. More than fifteen women
have already started their own tailoring business.
With reference to food processing, we are connected
with more than 450 women farmers who supply us
their farm produces to us We have also trained 15
women in this trade who are already running their
units very well.
In a lighter mode, let me also advise you to try out
our “Ragi cookies and Laddus” as the famous saying
goes – “The taste pudding is in eating”. Further, we
have been invited by many NGO’s including few
from Kashmir (who are working with Army and local
community) to set up a food processing unit over
there. This is a very proud moment for all of us. Here
the value addition is more because we are fortunate
to get those brave hearts who guard our borders and
secure the nation as our beneficiaries
Q3: What are your future plans on the anvil?
Answer: We want to train more and more women
in ‘fine stitching skills’ and want to create three
production houses under their banner:
1. Home furnishing
2. Hand Bags
3. Women attire
Apart from these, ‘Anubhuti’ can assist in capacity
building of any organization who wants to set up their
start up in stitching or food related enterprises
Q4: Would you like say something else?
Answer: Being a social organization, there is always
enough scope to create larger groups of small/ medium
level entrepreneurs who can in turn help to raise the
capital level so that we can come into contact with
many more among society . Our organization is having
its 12 A and 80G certification which help donors to
get tax exemption. Having said that, we are earnestly
looking for ‘Anubhuti Ambassadors’ who can help
us further. Thereby we can reach out to more people
and spread awareness about the quality of products
 Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column
we deal with. This would not only be beneficial to the
organization, but also customers. I strongly feel that by
using this method yet another route can be invented
to go forward and bring sustainability to what we have
commenced in a humble manner and scale.
Q5: Madam, coming to FSAI, we wish to inform
you that ours is also a “Not-for - Profit” organization
dedicated to the spread of awareness on of Fire cum
life as well security (of personnel and assets) at
pan India level through a network of regions and
associated state wise chapters. In this context, let
us take the interaction to a seemingly different but
closely related aspect. That refers to women security
from different angles especially after hearing from
you on how “Anubhuti” sensitively and effectively
deals with women’s “financial and social security”
concerns. Here comes a popular Hindi adage -
“Jaan Hei Tho Jahaan Hei” meaning life safety
and security are equally important like financial
security , stability and prosperity. Therefore, based
on the expertise you have in understanding and
ably addressing women rights, the following set of
questions are aimed at seeking your guidance on
the enhancement of individual/ group security of
women.
i) Considering the impact of physical security on
girls (especially little, adolescent and even matured)
what all the society at large can contribute? This is
with reg. to prevent sad/ bad occurrences followed
by how to ease out the harassment which might
already has been caused and subsequent effects of
trauma, mental worries and injuries (including very
serious) being inflicted on unsuspecting victims.
Answer: According to me, we need to spend more
time with our children on daily basis exclusively to
discuss on the social issues they face while at home
(especially in our absence). This is more significant
when both the parents are employed and need to stay
out. The topics of conversation must also include what
all can happen outside - around the residential zones,
in class rooms while sitting in the group for studying,
moving around school premises, during travel etc.,
Accordingly parents/ grandparents, other elders,
older siblings etc., must never become immediately
angry and start scolding them right away as if they
are responsible for everything – rather they invite
problems for themselves. This is equally applicable to
elderly persons who are well acquainted with us as well
as command respect in society in addition to teachers,
caretakers, other staff members at the school etc.,
ii) How to deal with problems that occur within the
family itself due to the misbehaviour from relatives,
guests, domestic helps etc.,
Answer: Parents and other elders must first keep a
watch on the behaviour pattern of such people - either
staying within the house or visiting frequently - and
try to take stern steps to curb this type of menace. The
children also must be trained on how to observe the
eye contacts and body languages of some bad elements
and stay alert and distant. In this regard I would also
expect the girls to understand their own inherent
strength, inculcate a respect for their physical features
such that they can keep a respectable distance before
falling into the traps of the person in front of them.
iii) How to motivate kids by engaging them in some
fruitful activities without wasting too much time
on mobile phones, video viewing, participating in
online games and other objectionable contents
Answer: Here let me first talk about the need for
knowing about the innumerable positive aspects of
the ‘mobile’ technology which can in fact safeguard
you first while being threatened. In fact, there is a
treasure hunt of knowledge on various subjects at
your palm if you are keeping an advanced mobile set
on it. They contain so many subjects under the sun
including the security concerns being talked about
in our ongoing interview session itself. Accordingly,
parents and others who are willing to gift out such
gadgets to children must first understand about the
most appropriate device they need to purchase rather
than just selecting something based on their ads or
price tags (I mean ‘higher’). In sequel we must also
instruct well in advance the timing restrictions and
occasions the children must adhere to (on per day
basis); wherever applicable ‘child lock’ system must
also be strictly complied with.
iv) Some tips on self - defence – both for physically
fit and differently abled.
Answer: As we have already covered against point No.
(ii) above, knowledge and respect of own body comes
first followed by good observance on the movement
of suspicious characters when we are alone. When
it comes to self- defence – extra physical fitness or
strength are not the only criteria.
For example if your hands have been ‘held’, other body
parts like neck/head, legs and feet could be ‘free; Use
them.
Remember there are always simple arsenal in the
kitchen like chilly powder, sharp objects, hammers
etc., They come very handy. You can even suffocate
the opponent using blankets/ clothes etc.,! Even if one
hand is free. we can make us of the above appliances
Domestic violence related problems, marital, broken
relations, divorce, abetment of suicides, lack of
freedom, loneliness, restriction to gaining school
admission/ higher education’
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 63
Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column
Answer: As we all know financial aspects and/
or associated non availability/shortage/ poor
sustainability with women are the major hurdles. If
they are addressed and set right the severity of security
problems would reduce to a great extent. They could
be in relation to homemakers (i.e., house wives not
employed), ‘would be brides’, little girls, women
domestic helps etc., In addition social inequality
and male chauvinism can also raise their hoods like
a snake. As you also rightly mentioned above, there
are still groups and sects in our society who do not
allow girls to get schooling or higher education
but try to ensure that they are fit for child rearing,
cooking and/or other household routines only. Social
organizations like ours do take up such issues and try
to bring revolutionary changes in the society. Still a lot
need to done.
v) Suppression of stress by girls without sharing
about any unpleasant or untoward incident with
anyone (including parents and other elders).
Answer: This is very true and girls need to be motivated
and appreciated for sharing what all happened to
them with parents and siblings. In fact, surprisingly,
few parents also wish that such information does not
get shared due to the fear mania of their social boycott
by society. On the contrary, they must change the
mindset, listen to the problems carefully and take up
the issues to the next stages and try out solutions. If
these happen and results are good, next time the same
girl would not remain silent but talk about it with
more confidence level. In turn their stress also come
down.
vi) Inhuman attack and inflicting serious injuries
by throwing acids or setting fire on clothing after
pouring kerosene / petrol..
Answer: Yes, these are the worst category of human
misdeed one can imagine as compared to many among
all evils as we do observe in society. Accordingly, the
culprit must get severest punishment through fast
court verdicts without lingering on trial debates for
long. Even shoppers must be very careful while selling
such items.
vii) Control room apps, Helpline protection,
Women police guidance.
Answer: Yes, now a days the country has a good number
of helpline centres and control rooms with women
policing also round the clock. Everyone in society
must avail their services. The police department also
needs to be educated more about the positive impact
of this system. In fact, I shall go one step further, the
police personnel at duty post need to shred away their
64 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
own sentimental approach unlike ordinary citizens.
They must encourage someone from reporting about
criminal offences that happen around. Please create
a confidence among those who raise their voices and
communicate about any untoward incidents. Let
them ensure that ‘messengers will not be shot”
viii) Legal advice, Counselling support.
Answer: There are a number of legal counsels and
training cum awareness creation centres. To add value,
let me inform that additional budget provisions are
available as part of Gram Palika/ Nagar Palika level
schemes to help women in distress. There is a Specific/
exclusive human rights commission of women. I also
know about an NGO by name “ Aalochana” about
whom information are readily available in their
website. A major problem is women themselves are
unaware of their basic rights as granted by the Indian
Constitution and not exposed to available training /
appraisal awareness programs. Just to cite a critical
example many women are not clear that they are free
to approach any hospitals and get an abortion done
without any permission from other family members
(especially if according to her there is any suspected
gender abuse involved in it and she does not want to
carry on with the burden). Leave aside own relatives
even few doctors are un aware about this special legal
facility available to any girl.
ix) Travel guidance in public transport during busy
hours, auto rikshaw and taxis, night journey in
trains and buses etc.,
Answer: Authorised and registered taxi services
must only be hired (cars or auto rickshaws). It is very
essential to note down and save the vehicle registration
number, driver name. mobile Nos. etc., which are
already available on the vehicles. Avoid sharing any
personal details with the driver. Instead silently share
WhatsApp messages about the location of vehicle till
it reaches the destination.
x) Education related higher expectations and
associated stress, getting scolded in
Front of others for poor performance, comparing
with brighter students to cause inferiority complex.
Answer: The root cause is very important to
understand in this regard. By and large any average
Indian parents would like to get the so called ‘popular
and lucrative professional education” for their
children (like IIT, renowned medical colleges, REC’s,
IT institutes etc.,) irrespective of whether they can
afford the financial burden or the child can cope with.
Again, coming back to the inherent myth, the reasons
are the following. “We could not get into them but
 Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column
our children must through hook or crook. They
must earn what we could not and we all must enjoy a
fabulous life hereafter”. The problems and frustration
rate would go on increasing unless we change the
above mindset. Every branch of education is equally
good and let the child choose what he or she wants
and confident of doing. Do not pressurize them and
invite problem for both them and us. Children are
not ‘materialistic assets” and are not meant to earn
wealth as the most priority. I have come across some
One reason why history rarely repeats itself
among the ‘historically conscious’ people is that
the dramatis personae are aware at the second
performance of the denouncement of the first
and their action is affected by that knowledge
families during counselling classes that from the age
of 10 when their children might have just entered 5th
grade in school, parents want them start preparing for
national level entrance tests for professional degrees.
They are just ‘individuals’ and let them lead a happy
life the way they wish to and able to achieve. This way,
we as parents may not feel disappointed later.
Special note: You can reach out to me on: hjoshi.
anubhuti@gmail.com
- E. H. Carr
FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 65
Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column

“Chetna - Arena for Surakshit Naari Column”

Given below are the profiles of the Women Committee members of Pune
Chapter, Let us extend inspirational support to all of them for carrying
forward this initiative

Anuja, founder of Unique Envicare Pvt Ltd with 17+years of experience

started a multi-disciplined consulting firm, through building
trusted relationships, we partner with governments, communities,
businesses and organizations to achieve their respective goals.

She is National Accreditation Board for Education and Training

(NABET), Quality Council of India (QCI) Accredited Consultant - EIA
Co-Coordinator for Sectors: Mining, River Valley, Building and large
construction, township and area development and a NABET,QCI:
Functional Area Expert for Air quality.

Ms. Anuja Karhu Anuja started career with one of the prestigious environment
research organization National Environment Engineering Research
Institute (NEERI), Nagpur which provided a strong foundation to her Environmental consulting career.
With her experience of NEERI & other private firms she founded UEPL which majorly deals with
Environment clearance, Pollution control board compliance, Water and Wastewater solution (with
advanced technology and green technology) majorly for the construction sector for entire Maharashtra
and other states.

UEPL believes in teamwork, hands-on approach & early engagement with customers are the key drivers
to deliver any successful projects.

She is one of the CWC members of FSAI Pune Chapter

Archana with more than 18 years of diversified experience in

Information Technology, HR management & consulting have
become a well-known personality in various segments. The hunger
for more and the vision for woman empowerment, enhancing the
skills of under privileged made her to venture Erudite Advisory
Solutions. She always believed empowering and valuing in society
will help in achieving new limits and growth. Her strong social
values and commitments always give her opportunities to perform
lead role in lots of social activities.

Currently she is Secretory - FSAI Pune Chapter.

Ms. Archana
Gavhane

66 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 Chetna - Arena for Naari Shakti Column

Ms. Pooja Gaikwad, Co-director of Reputed MEP consultancy firm

Electromech. Engineers

Done the Electrical & ELV design for a reputed bottling plant in
Cambodia which is set as a model project for other bottling plants
in Asia. Looks for the designs of overseas bottling plants which are in
Africa & Asia pacific region

Company is recognized for unmatched MEP consulting for projects

like IIT hydrabad, IISER Pune, DY Patil college, Taco group projects
, DANA India Pvt ltd., GE Gandhidham, Swegon, Gestamp, The Real
Ms. Pooja Gaikwad woman award winner under the category for MEP consulting in
Pune region

FSAI Pune chapter CWC member

Before entering in this field Ms. Pooja had worked as Network design engineer in Tata communications
Ltd.

She is fond of traveling and shares interest in event management. The types of events whether be

a small family functions or any big corporate events.

Simple Jain is a successful business woman and a passionate

entrepreneur. She did MBA in marketing in 2011. In her corporate
career she has worked with renowned companies like ZICOM, CP
Plus and Schneider Electric managing senior profiles and achieving
awards like Maximum Key Accounts Achiever and Best Performer in
Sales.

In the year 2013 she started New Era Solutions a company with her
dreams and commitment. Since than the company has grown and
she has earned a dignified space for herself in Electronic Security
Systems Industry. She also works as a core committee member in
Ms. Simple Jain FSAI Pune chapter.

She is recently recognised for her contribution with The Real Woman Award in Construction Industry
and Electronic Security Systems Industry.

She has proved her mettle in a male dominated industry working with many renowned Builder Groups,
Architects, Consultants and Industrial Clients across India.

She proves to be a bright example of humbleness, dedication and passion towards work ethics. She
dreams to achieve higher altitudes where she can contribute to her work, create more employment and
contribute to the society.

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 67

Q&A Corner

Question / Answer Debate CorneR (QadC)

Question from:
Mr. Virendra Borade
VP Sales, JCB Airtech

Q1. Are we supposed to use detectors in basement Q2. What all Guest Automation systems can do in
areas if Jet fans with CO control using PLC are Hotel Guest room?
already in place?
A2: An ideal Hotel Guest room Automation covers
A1: Automatic detection and alarm system is not the following
required to be provided in basement car parking area i) Light Control
as per NBC 2016 part 4. Such detection system shall ii) Curtain control
however be required in other areas of car parking such iii) Room temperature Control.
as electrical rooms, cable areas etc., This omission is iv) Keypad.
permissible by building code in lieu of the availability v) Touch Panels.
of Fire sprinklers which themselves act as heat vi) Switch sockets.
detectors. vii) Audio.
CO sensors and Jet fans are required in car parking viii) Video
areas to function integratedly by way of monitoring ix) Communicatiin (Wi-Fi and EPABX)
CO level and auto start of exhaust system x) Security (Cameras and Door Access Mechanism)
independently.
Fire alarm as well as Fire sprinkler are intended for Answered by:
smoke warnings and control spread of fires in fire Mr. Pankaj Tiwari
emergencies so as to work independently in basement
areas.

Answered by:
Mr. Hemant Khadse

68 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 FSAI INITIATIVES

National & Chapter level Activity report

Introduction

The year 2022 witnessed a steady improvement in National/Chapter level activities. In fact, the Journal has
all through been remaining in constant touch with all Central and Chapter cum Sub chapter level teams.
Accordingly, an adequate coverage of pan India level programs numbering around 75 could be accomplished.
Incidentally, the August – Nov. spell of IFSY set the record for largest number of events preceded by April
witnessing a good number of National Fire service day related activities.

Activity highlights for this edition:

Special note: To facilitate timely inclusion of all events, we use both the publications alternately in sequential
order – Journal and Buzz. This also ensures sustainability and prevent repetition of a report that has already
been covered. Accordingly let us begin from where the reporting concluded in the previous edition of Dec’22-
Jan’23 Buzz. In this segment, there are 8 reports.

1. Chennai, dated 3rd Dec’22

Program title: Installation challenges faced by System Integrator

Venue: Magnetic FAAC India Pvt., Ltd, Thoraipakkam. OMR, Chennai
Faculty: Mr. Sivaramakrishnan from S & S Consulting Engineers with expertise in Designing of Safety as
well as Security systems.
Participation (around 30+) was from FSAI membership organizations dealing with designing / execution of
different types of Fire engineering service projects including consultants.

The session was very focussed, highly interactive and fruitful. Feedback was also encouraging with participants
seeking the execution of more such events

1. Delhi, 3rd Dec’22

Program Title: Workshop on NBC 2016 - Part IV (Life & Fire Safety)
Participants : Students pursuing Bachelor degree on Fire Service Engineering
Venue: Ganga Institute of Technology & Management, (GITAM), Bahadurgarh,
Jhajjar Road, Kablana, Haryana,
Mr. Lalit Dutt delivered the opening address .
Guest faculty : Mr. Kumar Waibhav ( MIFireE.)
There was a good Question /Answer segment also and everyone actively participated in the whole proceedings.
The participation figure touched 100+
Mr. Jitendra Narwal, HOD of the institute gave inspirational concluding remarks and proposed a hearty vote
of thanks.

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 69

FSAI INITIATIVES

3. Delhi dated 18th Dec’22

Program Title: Fire disaster preparedness and Emergency training techniques.
Venue: NIA House, 15, Naraina Industrial Area Community, Central Phase II,
Opposite Dewan Saheb & near SBI, New Delhi- 11 0028
Purpose: Capacity development of participants with reg. Disaster Management and Emergency Response.
Event sponsored by FSAI & Civil Defence Authority

Event Flow
¾¾ Opening remarks by Mr. Lalit Dutt, President, FSAI Delhi chapter
¾¾ Technical Presentation by Mr. Devendra Gill, FSAI Regional Director (North)
M/S Devendra Gill and Anil K Malik, Chief Warden, Delhi Civil Defence Headquarters & CWC Member,
FSAI Delhi Chapter were the resource personnel for this training program. The purpose of the program was
to train “Volunteer of Guruji Ka Ashram” and personnel of their sub-contracting agencies on their roles and
action during emergencies like Fire, Earthquake, Medical emergencies etc. During this Awareness Program,
Presentation along with screening of video clippings were done for better understanding of the participants.
Live demonstration of Rescue technique, First Aid was also carried out. The sessions also included a live
demonstration of different fire protection appliances and special question/ answer segment.
In all 40 personnel participated
¾¾ Mr. Saurabh Agarwal, Secretary FSAI Delhi chapter proposed a hearty vote of thanks.

70 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 FSAI INITIATIVES

4. Bengaluru, dated 23rd to 25th Dec’22

Venue: Mudbidri, Mangalore

Participants from International Scouts & Guides
Venue: Alva’s Educational Foundation, Mudbidri
Joint initiative between FSAI & Rotary Club of Bengaluru South Parade
Dates: 23rd to 25th Dec’22
Types of training : Basic Fire and First Aid
Faculty M/S. Rajesh Shirke (SIT Chairman, FSAI) ably assisted by Vandesh
Topics covered included different Fire cum Life safety related to
1. LPG Cylinders
2. Creation of temporary Ropes/ Rescue stretcher usage
3. Portable and fixed fire extinguisher operation
4. Cooking Oil
5. Risks associated with insecticide aerosol spray
Associated dignitaries
M/S.
i) Bharat, CFO, Mangalore
ii) Chandan, CFO, Mysore
iii) Vivek Alva. Trustee of Alva’s Institution
Number of participants crossed 20, 000/-
Mr. Rajesh was felicitated by Mr. Umantha A Kotian , MLA, Mudbirdi who also appreciated this novel initiative
by him at the behest of FSAI

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 71

FSAI INITIATIVES

5. Hyderabad dated 27th Dec’22

Program Title: ‘‘A Sneak View into Fire Safety related to Facilities’ Management”
Venue: T -Hub for Facility Managers, Hyderabad.
Opening remarks and training execution: Mr. Prasad Nishtala, Secretary, FSAI Hyderabad chapter.
The presentation covered various aspects like Maintenance consistency of the facilities, related NBC Part 12
guidelines cum mandates, Risk assessment attributes especially in relation to inherent fire hazards arising out of
Operational timing vis-à-vis temperature variances, latest technological advancements etc.,
In his Thanks giving address, the Director of T-Hub mentioned about the significance of organizing such
type of sessions and appreciated the expertise with which Mr. Prasad conducted the session as reflected in the
participants’ feedback as well as the satisfying answers they received to certain pertinent questions. According
to him it is desirable to organize more such events in the larger interest of stakeholder especially at the behest
of FSAI
In all, 120 participants got richly benefitted by the program.

6. Nashik dated 31st Dec’22

Program title: Fire Prevention & Fire Safety Awareness” under Community Development Program.
Objective: Creating awareness on Fire safety and security
Participants. Aangawadi (Nursery school) teachers.
Location: NMC School No. 125, Near Muktidham – Nashik Road, Nashik

Event Flow:
¾¾ Opening remarks : Mr. Varun Tiwari, President, FSAI Nashik Chapter
¾¾ Technical Presentation by Mr. Gajendra Jagdap, Veteran Navy Fire trainer;
Topics covered: Fire extinguishers and their usage , Steps towards emergency evacuation, Importance of Fire
exit routes & how to make use them in case of emergency.
The practical sessions and question/ answer segment evoked deep interest among the participants.
The participation figure touched 50+
¾¾ Mr. Harshad Bhamre gave the concluding remarks and proposed a hearty vote of thanks.

72 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 FSAI INITIATIVES

7. Nashik dated 31st Dec’22

Program title: Firefighting Norms for High rise Buildings”. Under Professional Education Series
Purpose: Creating Awareness of Fire Fighting Norms for High rise buildings in Architects and Engineers
Venue: Vairaj Kaladalan, Near Kulkarni Garden, Rachna Vidyalaya Marg, Sharanpur Road, Nashik.
Event organized by: M/S, FSAI along with Architect & Engineers Association” Nashik and Indian Institute of
Architects, Nashik Centre.

Flow of events
¾¾ Opening remarks : Mr. Varun Tiwari, President (FSAI , Nashik Chapter)
¾¾ Technical presentation by Shri. Pratap Karguppikar (Rtd)
Chief Fire officer Mumbai Metro and Retired CFO, BMC
The faculty gave a clear appraisal on NBC and Fire Act to participants and the need to pursue all the required
norms thereby paving the way for controlling different types of hazards. There was active participation by all
the delegates
¾¾ Mr. Harshad Bhamre gave the concluding remarks and proposed a hearty vote of thanks.

8. Nashik dated 2nd Jan’23

Program Title : Industrial visit

Location: Jindal Poly Films limited - Plant, Mundegaon,Nashik
Objective: Sharing of best Fire Protection Practices during Rescue & Support system to the industrial employees
by FSAI officials
Program hosting, Visit and interactions lead by: Mr. Varun Tiwari, President , FSAI, Nashik Chapter.
Mr. Harsh Bhamre, Secretary, Nashik chapter proposed a hearty vote of thanks

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 73

 READER’S FEEDBACK

To,
The Executive Editor, FSAI Journal

I could go through the Nov-Dec’22 edition of the Journal. The special column featuring the profiles of “FSAI
Life Time Achievement Awardees” during the 2016 - 2022 spell is a treat to watch. In this context, I wish to
appreciate the noble gesture of the association in identifying, recognizing and honouring such veterans who had
rendered yeomen service to the society. This will definitely help motivate and inspire the younger generation to
imbibe their examples by way of demonstrating such enviable levels of performance in their respective walks of
life. Incidentally being an Ex. Employee of IPCL, and that too from the HSE group, it is delighting that Shri.
D.D. Purandare is also adorning this distinguished galaxy. As Fire service chief of two mega complexes of the
corporation in successive spells, his contributions were par excellence.

The special Case study pertaining to ‘water hammering’ phenomenon along the pipe routes including effective
remedies has been found very interesting and useful. It has become very common in industries as well as
commercial & residential high-rise buildings. Interestingly I also had to face a similar situation when our kitchen
tap was connected to a water filter and the problem got fixed after installing such type of a control valve. Our
flat is on 1st floor with 12 above.

Other generic contents as well as the thematic segments pertaining to environment and user - friendly fire
extinguishers with advanced technology are also quite informative and knowledge enhancing for me.

Awaiting many more of such reading materials.

Yours sincerely
Mohan Mithagare
Safety consultant, Alibag, Maharashtra

74 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

 FSAI Journal - Author guidelines
A) Types of contents being requisitioned.
The contributions could be in the form of any of the following attributes as deemed fit from concerned authors’
perspective. They would be closely related (directly or indirectly) to Fire cum Life safety, Loss Prevention/
Control, Personal/ Societal security, Automation, Cyber safety, Industries, Buildings and other establishments
etc., These would also prove to be catalytic in popularizing and spreading the message of “Surakshit Bharat”
concept which is in the domain of FSAI

The narratives could be in any of the segments as listed below:

I: Articles:
1. Cover stories
2. Generic.
3. Thematic pertaining to each of the editions as per the schedule chart (Extending till March – April’25), which
is also being published in each of the successive issues.

II: Other categories such as:

1. Poems including interesting, meaningful and focussed rhymes.
2. Alerts on any relevant News items, Case studies, Noble / Brave Acts of individuals/ groups, Innovative ideas
etc., all of which we come across mostly on regular basis.
3. Signs/ Symbols/ Notations/ Illustrative cartoons, Anecdotes, Proverbs, Slogans, inspirational Satires,
Messages etc.,
4. Complementary Puzzles which could be included in the regular Quiz contest columns of this publication.
5. Any other reading material which would benefit the readers as felt by the patrons.

B) Presentation:
Basic tips which may please be kept in mind during the preparatory work:

i): Articles:
Each could be within a word count pattern of 1,500 to 2, 000 (maximum) and the fonts conforming to MS
Word File -Arie 11. This is exclusive of few short sub headings of not more than 40 characters each (Up to one
line of text in length). Few images/ charts etc., are desirable to be part of the contents. Ideally, there could be
five or six such illustrative items in any article with a minimum of 300 dpi resolution along with appropriate
captions.

ii) Poems could be smaller (preferably to be contained within one page)

iii) Conveyed Information can also be of following specifics.

a) Important occasions/ Days/ Situation/ Observance/ Celebration based (such as National Fire service cum
Safety, Security including Automation, World Environment, Health, Children, Teachers, International Women
etc., just to name a few.)
b) Business/ Industry related Trends, Innovations, Core or end user applications etc.,
c) Research oriented initiatives.
d) FSAI student chapter.
e) Surakshit Naari column.
f ) Fire safety and security/automation service profession cum specialization centred data.
g) Emergency cum disaster management relevant information

C) Few specific mandates to be strictly adhered to:

a) Write-ups should not depict any identity in the form of company name (including consultancy, other
services/ foundations), logo, brand, specific products relevant promotional data etc.,
b) Contents which are directly or indirectly under ‘sub judice’ would not be published. These are specifically in
relation to any specific accident case study narratives.
c) In case the article under reference had already been published elsewhere, concerned publisher’s consent for
reproduction needs to be obtained as part of copyright policy.

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 75

d) The above aspect is also applicable to images, charts, cartoons etc.,
e) If there is a reproduction of someone else ‘s views, it should be within “quote marks”.
f ) In case of paraphrasing, a citation should appear giving name of the source and/or author.
g) With to any alerts, case studies, images, news clippings etc., the corresponding sources/ links need to be
indicated.

D) Additional information:
a) Once featured in FSAI journal, there would be at least 3 month’s elapsed time before reproducing in other
periodicals. We would issue a written consent also on getting request if any from the concerned authors in this
regard.
b) Listing of references / links/ Bibliographs etc., are required at the article footer. In addition, they are also
applicable to images, charts etc., with appropriate captions at relevant page locations.
c) Authors are requested to provide their brief resume (within 50 words) as well as one photograph of high
resolution
d) The received manuscript will be first circulated among the full Editorial Board for review / opinions. Queries
if any from their side shall be communicated to respective authors. This is aimed at smoothening process of
selection/ finalization/ editing (as applicable) and taking it to the next stage of designing. The first cut design
shall also be shared with each of the authors for their endorsement before release.

Addendum
Ref. Article appeared in Nov-Dec’22 edition under the title
“Environment Friendly Extinguishing Media & User - friendly Appliances”
Author: Mr. Rahul Shah

Ref. Page No. 36 (Right side Column): Last but one para from bottom. Following edits
have been included.

3: The class C (Gaseous) fire involves flammable gases under pressure including liquefied
gases, where it is necessary to inhibit the burning gas at fast rate with an inert gas, powder or
vaporizing liquid for extinguishment. There are no tests requirements for fire performance test
of extinguishers against Class C as per IS 15683.

4: For Energized Electrical Equipment Fire, the extinguishers shall not pass a current of more
than 0.5 mA as per IS 15683. Our occupancies may have fires that are electrically actuated –
but how many are the fires involving live electric current? This question is very pertinent since
most of the modern electrical supply system does not constitute fuse wires. Besides we have
MCB & ELCB for additional safety.

76 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal

Copyright Statement and Disclaimer

This Journal is the official media publication of Fire & Security Association of India (FSAI). It is created
inhouse, printed at M/S. Print Vision, Ahmedabad and circulated by the association.
All the materials covered therein have been subjected to a Peer, Editorial Board and Apex committee review.
However, the views expressed in the contents by authors or other contributors need not necessarily be that of
the Journal.

The journal retains/reserves the right of ownership of the published articles

The writeups, artwork, images, figurative data and any other specific information contained therein (partially or
fully) can be reproduced after getting the explicit written permission of FSAI

Besides, the publication does not assume responsibility with regard to any untoward incidents and related
consequences -exemplary or others like accidents, damages etc., These are in relation to making use of the resource
materials by the readers in different patterns like advises, suggestions, opinions. product related applications
etc., - either based on the articles, other contents or information covered in advertisements.

The journal reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to change the terms and conditions of this agreement from
time to time as necessitated

The journal may contain links to Web sites operated by other parties. These links are provided purely for
reference purposes. Such links do not imply the our endorsement of the material on any other site and we
disclaim all liability with regard to someone’s access of such Web sites.

FSAI Journal | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | 77

 INVITING
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Mar-Apr 2023 Application of IoT in Vaccines productions vis-à-vis preservation to safe

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Sep-Oct 2023 Seamless integration of Fire and life safety services using Building
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Nov-Dec 2023 Cyber Security in Surveillance systems
Jan-Feb 2024 Conventional and modern aspects of Passive Fire Protection
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Jul-Aug 2024 Next generation Access control systems including importance of using
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Association of India

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PR O B LEMS CAU
STANTLY
FLY|IN
March-April 2022 G B IR D S
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 FIRE & SECURITY ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
No.19/1, Kannadasan Salai, Behind Natesan Park, T. Nagar, Chennai - 600 017. www.fsai.in
Tel: 044-42128535. Email: administrator@fsai.in

APPLICATION FORM FOR MEMBERSHIP

CORPORATE / MSME / PROFESSIONAL / INDIVIDUAL / RAKSHA / SHAKTI / STUDENT
I / We hereby make application for Membership in the FIRE & SECURITY ASSOCIATION OF INDIA and agree to be governed by its
Constitution, By-Laws and Rules.
Member Name ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Corporate / MSME / Professional / Individual / Raksha / Shakti / Student (strike which is not applicable)
I / We send herewith DD / Cheque of Rs._____________(Rupees ___________________________________________________)
in favour of “FIRE & SECURITY ASSOCIATION OF INDIA”. Alternatively wire transfer to: Fire & Security Association of India - ICICI
Bank Ltd - West Mambalam, Chennai-33 - SB A/c No.602301184287 - NEFT / RTGS / IFSE Code: ICIC0006023.
FSAI Goods & Services Tax No: 33AAATF1715F1ZB - FSAI PAN No.: AAA TF 1715 F
Corporate MSME* Professional Individual Raksha Shakti^ Student
(1 year) (1 year) (2 years) (3 years) (1 year) (3 years) (3 years)
Please tick applicable Membership
Admission Fee (one time) Rs.17,250/- Rs.10,750/- - - - - -
Membership Fee Rs.8,250/- Rs.7,250/- Rs.15,500/- Rs.3,250/- Rs.1,000/- Rs.1,625/- Rs.770/-
Total Rs.25,500/- Rs.18,000/- - - - - -
Renewal Membership Fee Rs.8,250/- Rs.7,250/- Rs.15,500/- Rs.3,250/- Rs.1,000/- Rs.1,625/- Rs.770/-
International Annual Membership Fee USD 500/-
* Document proof of being an MSME (Micro, Small & Medium Enterprise) to be submitted along with the Application Form.
Fees mentioned above are inclusive of Goods & Services Tax @ 18%. ^ Or till the validity of the spouse member.
Name : ________________________________________________________________________________
Designation : ________________________________________________________________________________
Address : ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Telephone : __________________________________ Mobile: ______________________________________
Email Address : __________________________________ Website: ______________________________________

Signature of Applicant : ________________________________________________________ Date: __________________

Names of other Directors : ________________________________________________________________________________
Constitution of Firm : _________________________________________________________ Yr. of Est.: _______________
Nature of Business : ________________________________________________________________________________
Your Contribution to FSAI : ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

DESIGNATED REPRESENTATIVES (only for Corporate Members / MSME):

Name 1 : __________________________________ Mobile: ______________________________________
Designation : __________________________________ Email: ________________________________________

Name 2 : __________________________________ Mobile: ______________________________________

Designation : __________________________________ Email: ________________________________________
Please indicate if you are a member of any other Association_______________________________________________________

FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

1. Date of Receipt : ________________________________________________________________________________
10|2020|Ver4.0

2. Bank Draft / Cheque No. : ______________ for Rs.______________ drawn on _____________________________________

3. Membership No. : ________________________________________________________________________________
4. Date of Joining : _____________________________ Due date for Renewal: ________________________________

APPROVED BY :
National President / National Secretary / National Treasurer
Chapter President Chapter Secretary

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 de r s
r e a
o r m
f
1. Name ………………………………………………………………………………...............................................
2. Type of Membership: Corporate msme Professional Student (Tick mark as applicable)
3. Membership No. ..................................................……………………………………………..…………………
4. Correspondence Address ……………………………………………….....……………...................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
.....………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………................
………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………..................
5. Occupation ………………………………….....……………………………………………………....................
6. Name of Organization …………………….....……………………………………............................................
7. Contact (a) Landline ……………………………………………… Office/Residence
(B) Cell ……………………………………………………
6. Email ID …………….……………………….…………………………………………………………………….
7. Issue No. or Month/Year ………………...………………………………………………………………………
8. Title of Article/Feature ….……………...………………………………………..………………………………
9. Author of the Article (wherever applicable) …………………………………………………………………
10. In case the query is about product and/or service, name of advertiser
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Query:
(I) …………….………………………….……………………………………………………………………….....
(Ii) …………….………………………….…………………………………………………………………………
(Iii) …………….………………………….………...………………………………………………………………
(Iv) …………….………………………….…………………………………………………………………………
12. Any other suggestions , remarks or additional inputs which in your opinion can facilitate continual
improvement with respect to quality of contents, design, narrative, appeal and enhancement of
satisfaction level.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Please send the filled-in feedback form to : (A): Editor: murthy@fsai.in (B): Chairman : pankajstipl@gmail.com
82 | JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 | FSAI Journal
 Quiz
Series No. 23
Top three scorers shall be awarded with “Certificates
Thematic of Honour” in Gold, Silver & Bronze categories. Besides
all other participants shall receive “Certificate of
Appreciation” (digital – duly encrypted). Kindly look
for the full answer keys in the next edition and compare
where we stood.

1|
This Fire service memorial is located in… 7| Following symbol depicts …............ detection

A) Earth Pit
B) Lightning
Arrestor
C) Switch Gear
D) Transformer
A) Chennai C) Kolkata
B) Delhi D) Mumbai

2| ..................... …is the maximum current in

milli ampere below which normal human body
8| What is most valuable to companies looking to
sell you something?
possesses electric shock resistance. A) Mobile Number C) Postal address
A) 30 C) 50 B) Mail id D) Facial image
B) 40 D) 60

9| What’s the best way to deal with pesky

3| International Security Officers’day is being robocalls?

observed on the 24th of ……................
A) Ask to speak with C) Register your phone
A) May C) July their supervisor number to the ‘do –
B) Use a carrier not call’ list.
B) June D) August
approved phone app D) Call up your phone
dealer

4| Alphabet ‘I’ in CISF stands for..........

A) Industrial C) Intelligence
10| Which organization is the most vulnerable to
hacking?

B) Information D) Investigation A) Charitable C) Your Business

organizations with
D) Your employer ‘s

5| …................. is an extinguisher substitute being

used in place of Halon
weaker cyber security
B) Black market websites
with strong security
Business

A) CTC C) FM200 with them

B) DCP D) FM500

6| Second ‘F’(from your right hand side) of AFFF

stands for …….........… Most of those who sustain the winning spree since 2020 are
the same. We earnestly request many more from the elite
A) Fermenting C) Flowing group of other readers to participate in this exercise and
B) Filtering D) Forming
demonstrate their obsession to the Surakshit Bharat concept
in all walks of life.

Please select the most appropriate / correct choice from the multiple options and fill in the blanks.
You can send the answers by email (murthy@fsai.in) or WhatsApp (+91 98255 61699). While sharing the answers,
please ensure to mention your Name, Profession, Company, Phone, Email & FSAI Membership Number.
S ERIE S 2 2 AN S W ER K EY S :
1-A | 2-D | 3-C | 4-B | 5-C | 6-C | 7-A | 8-C | 9-A | 10-B | 11-B | 12-C | 13-C | 14-D | 15-C
16-C | 17-B | 7-C | 18-A | 19-B | 20-B | 21-D | 22-B | 23-A | 24-B | 25-C | 26-C | 27-B | 28-D
| 29-D | 30-D | 31-A
It is gratifying to note that following have ticked on maximum number of “Right” Options. M/S. Kamlesh Kumar Chauhan, Partho Sarothy Gupta,
Vishnu Prakash, Rajat Nandi and Ms. Chanchal had ticked on most of the appropriate Options in the above series. Accordingly, they are eligible for the
‘Certificate of Honor’ in ‘Gold’ category. Hearty congratulations to all.
 Fire & Security
Association of India

New
Memberships for
Women
Power...

FIRE & SECURITY ASSOCIATION OF INDIA (FSAI) is a non-profit organization

established in 2002. It represents the Fire Protection, Life Safety, Security, Building
Automation, Loss Prevention and Risk Management domains.
“The question isn’t who is going to let me; it’s who is going to stop me.” Ayn Rand
The quote above wonderfully summarizes importance of women power. We at FSAI
are also blessed with some such great examples who are shaping our efforts to make
our country safer. We need more of such brilliant minds to gather more mass to this
already rolling movement. You are important in every stage of life be it a home front
or be it office front or be it your own stint, you have always outshined and worked like
an anchor to our lives!
This is a call to invite you for much larger and better society cause to make homes and
workplaces safer from fire and security hazards. So what’s holding you back, do join
us and help us to go miles with your force!

RAKSHA SHAKTI
DELIVERABLES MEMBERSHIP MEMBERSHIP
MEMBERSHIP (FOR LADIES) (FOR SPOUSES OF MEMBERS)

1 3
YEAR YEARS*

Admission Fee No Admission Fee No Admission Fee

Fee INR. 1,000/- INR. 1,625/- (INDIVIDUALS)
NO. OF Participants 1 Participant 1 Participant
Access to Webinars YES YES
Access to Chapter Events YES YES
Access to National Events PAID BASIS NO
FSAI Journal (Digital Copy) YES YES
FSAI Newsletter (Digital Copy) YES YES
Networking Opportunities YES YES
Access to Youtube Channel YES YES
Skill Development/ Trainings/Certification PAID BASIS PAID BASIS
* oR TILL THE VALIDITY OF THE SPOUSE MEMBER

Discount in Advertisement NO NO
Discount in Exhibitions NO NO
Discount in Sponsorship NO NO
Access to Leadership Programs NO NO
Voting Rights NO NO
Members Kit DIGITAL CERTIFICATE DIGITAL CERTIFICATE
Members Directory NO NO
Access to Database through Log in NO NO
Branding of Company Logo on website NO NO
 Indo British
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