Graduate School Program 2022-2023

Midterm and Final Examinations

Ed 102 School Legislation

Name: MARFE JAN A. MONTELIBANO Date: Feb. 4, 2022

Course & Year: MAED MANAGEMENT Contact no.: 09756619991

1. Compare and Contrast: Rights, Duties, and Responsibilities of the following as

stipulated in Batas Pambansa 232 (The NORMAL) and DepEd Order No 12 and
DepEd Order No 31 (The NEW NORMAL);

RIGHTS
Rights of Parents - In addition to other rights under existing laws, all parents who have children enrolled
in a school have the following rights:

1. The right to organize by themselves and/or with teachers for the purpose of providing a forum
for the discussion of matters relating to the total school program, and for ensuring the full
cooperation of parents and teachers in the formulation and efficient implementation of such
programs.
2. The right to access to any official record directly relating to the children who are under their
parental responsibility.

Right of Students in School - In addition to other rights, and subject to the limitation prescribed by law
and regulations, and student and pupils in all schools shall enjoy the following rights:

1. The right to receive, primarily through competent instruction, relevant quality education in line
with national goals and conducive to their full development as person with human dignity.
2. The right to freely choose their field of study subject to existing curricula and to continue their
course therein up to graduation, except in cases of academic deficiency, or violation of
disciplinary regulations.
3. The right to school guidance and counselling services for decisions and selecting the
alternatives in fields of work suited to his potentialities.
4. The right of access to his own school records, the confidentiality of which the school shall
maintain and preserve.
5. The right to the issuance of official certificates, diplomas, transcript of records, grades, transfer
credentials and other similar documents within thirty days from request.
6. The right to publish a student newspaper and similar publications, as well as the right to invite
resource persons during assemblies, symposia and other activities of similar nature.
7. The right to free expression of opinions and suggestions, and to effective channels of
communication with appropriate academic channels and administrative bodies of the school or
institution.
8. The right to form, establish, join and participate in organizations and societies recognized by
the school to foster their intellectual, cultural, spiritual and physical growth and development, or
to form, establish, join and maintain organizations and societies for purposes not contrary to law.
 9. The right to be free from involuntary contributions, except those approved by their own he
organizations or societies.

Rights of all School Personnel - In addition to other rights provided for by law, the following rights shall
be enjoyed by all school personnel:

1. The right to free expression of opinion and suggestions, and to effective channels of
communication with appropriate academic and administrative bodies of the school or institution.
2. The right to be provided with free legal service by the appropriate government office in the
case of public school personnel, and through the school authorities concerned in the case of
private school personnel, when charged in an administrative, civil and/or criminal proceedings by
parties other than the school or regulatory authorities concerned for actions committed directly in
the lawful discharge of professional duties and/or in defense of school policies.
3. The right to establish, join and maintain labor organizations and/or professional and self-
regulating organizations of their choice to promote their welfare and defend their interests.
4. The right to be free from involuntary contributions except those imposed by their own
organizations.

Special Rights and/or Privileges of Teaching or Academic Staff - Further to the rights mentioned in the
preceding Section, every member of the teaching or academic staff shall enjoy the following rights and/or
privileges:

1. The right to be free from compulsory assignments not related to their duties as defined in their
appointments or employment contracts, unless compensated therefor, conformably to existing
law.
2. The right to intellectual property consistent with applicable laws.
3. Teachers shall be deemed persons in authority when in the discharge of lawful duties and
responsibilities, and shall, therefore, be accorded due respect and protection.
4. Teachers shall be accorded the opportunity to choose alternative career lines either in school
administration, in classroom teaching, or others, for purposes of career advancement.

Special Rights of School Administration - School administrators shall, in accordance with existing laws,
regulations and policies of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, be accorded sufficient
administrative discretion necessary for the efficient and effective performance of their functions.

School administrators shall be deemed persons in authority while in the discharge of lawful duties and
responsibilities, and shall therefore be accorded due respect and protection

Rights of Schools - In addition to other rights provided for by law, schools shall enjoy the following:

1. The right of their governing boards or lawful authorities to provide for the proper governance
of the school and to adopt and enforce administrative or management systems.
2. The right for institutions of higher learning to determine on academic grounds who shall be
admitted to study, who may teach, and what shall be subjects of the study and research.
 Duties and Obligations

Duties of Parents. - In addition to those provided for under existing laws, all parents shall have the
following duties and obligations:

1. Parents, individually or collectively, through the school systems, shall help carry out the
educational objectives in accordance with national goals.
2. Parents shall be obliged to enable their children to obtain elementary education and shall strive
to enable them to obtain secondary and higher education in the pursuance of the right formation
of the youth.
3. Parents shall cooperate with the school in the implementation of the school program curricular
and co-curricular.

Duties and Responsibilities of Students - In addition to those provided for under existing laws, every
student shall:

1. Exert his utmost to develop his potentialities for service, particularly by undergoing an
education suited to his abilities, in order that he may become an asset to his family and to society.
2. Uphold the academic integrity of the school, endeavor to achieve academic excellence and
abide by the rules and regulations governing his academic responsibilities and moral integrity.
3. Promote and maintain the peace and tranquility of the school by observing the rules and
discipline, and by exerting efforts to attain harmonious relationships with fellow students, the
teaching and academic staff and other school personnel.
4. Participate actively in civic affairs and in the promotion of the general welfare, particularly in
the social, economic and cultural development of his community and in the attainment of a just,
compassionate and orderly society.
5. Exercise his rights responsibly in the knowledge that he is answerable for any infringement or
violation of the public welfare and of the rights of others.

Teacher's Obligations - Every teacher shall:

1. Perform his duties to the school by discharging his responsibilities in accordance with the
philosophy, goals, and objectives of the school.
2. Be accountable for the efficient and effective attainment of specified learning objectives in
pursuance of national development goals within the limits of available school resources.
3. Render regular reports on performance of each student and to the latter and the latter's parents
and guardians with specific suggestions for improvement.
4. Assume the responsibility to maintain and sustain his professional growth and advancement
and maintain professionalism in his behavior at all times.
5. Refrain from making deductions in students' scholastic rating for acts that are clearly not
manifestations of poor scholarship.
6. Participate as an agent of constructive social, economic, moral, intellectual, cultural and
political change in his school and the community within the context of national policies.
School Administrators' Obligations - Every school administrator shall:
1. Perform his duties to the school by discharging his responsibilities in accordance with the
philosophy, goals and objectives of the school.
2. Be accountable for the efficient and effective administration and management of the school.
 3. Develop and maintain a healthy school atmosphere conducive to the promotion and
preservation of academic freedom and effective teaching and learning, and to harmonious and
progressive school-personnel relationship.
4. Assume and maintain professional behavior in his work and in dealing with students, teachers,
academic non-teaching personnel, administrative staff, and parents or guardians.
5. Render adequate reports to teachers, academic non-teaching personnel and non-academic staff
on their actual performance in relation to their expected performance and counsel them on ways
of improving the same.
6. Observe due process, fairness, promptness, privacy, constructiveness and consistency in
disciplining his teachers and other personnel.
7. Maintain adequate records and submit required reports to the Ministry of Education, Culture
and Sports.

Obligations of Academic Non-Teaching Personnel - Academic non-teaching personnel shall:

1. Improve himself professionally be keeping abreast of the latest trends and techniques in his
profession.
2. Assume, promote and maintain an atmosphere conducive to service and learning.
3. Promote and maintain an atmosphere conducive to service and learning.

2. Principle of SHARED GOVERNANCE of BASIC EDUCATION under Republic Act

9155 its IMPLICATION and APPLICABILITY in todays’ New Normal as experienced by
Schools highlighting:

Shared governance as a principle recognizes that every unit in the education

bureaucracy has a particular role, task, and responsibility inherent in the office
and of which it is principally accountable for outcomes.

a. Principals’ Empowerment:
Accountability and responsibility for achieving higher learning
outcomes. The law further defines the roles and responsibilities of
and provides resources to the field offices which shall implement
educational programs, projects and services to the communities
they serve.
To encourage local initiatives for the improvement of schools and learning
centers
to provide the means by which these improvements may be achieved and
sustained To establish schools and learning centers as facilities where:
school children are able to learn a range of core competencies
out-of-school youth and adult learners are provided alternative learning
programs 
 b. School information using a Website
Provide a viable alternative to the existing formal education instruction Basic
Education
Education intended to meet basic learning needs which lays the foundation on
which subsequent learning can be based
Encompasses early childhood, elementary and high school education as well as
alternative learning systems for out-of-school youth and adult learners and
includes education for those with special needs Cluster of Schools
a group of schools which are geographically contiguous and brought together to
improve the learning outcomes

3. Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 in terms of the State Declaration of Policies
and its scope. Mention significant relationship with the BASIC EDUCATION-LEARNING
CONTINUITY PLAN (BE-LCP) and School Improvement Plan (SIP).
Educational continuity plans provide the framework within which
teaching and learning will continue at a school in the event of a
prolonged closure.
 Provided clear guidance to units, schools, and community learning centers amidst
pandemic.
Helped engage the internal and external stakeholders for inputs in the delivery
strategy and operational direction that ensures health, safety and wellbeing of
learners, teachers, and personnel in the department.
Always maintained that education must continue whatever the changes and even
dangers we confront now and in the future.”
Protect the health, safety and well-being of learners, teachers and personnel, and
prevent the further transmission of COVID-19;
Ensure learning continuity through K-12 curriculum adjustments, alignment of
learning materials, deployment of multiple learning delivery modalities, provision of
corresponding training for teachers and school leaders, and proper orientation of
parents or guardians of learners;
Facilitate the safe return of teaching and non-teaching personnel and learners to
workplaces and schools, taking into consideration the scenarios projected by the
DOH and the IATF, complemented by other credible sources, and balanced with
DepEd’s own risk assessments;
Be sensitive to equity considerations and concerns, and endeavour to address them
the best we can; and
Link and bridge the BE-LCP to DepEd’s pivot to quality and into the future of
education, under the framework of Sulong EduKalidad and Futures Thinking in
Education
4. Legal Basis of Philippine Education in TERMS of Child Protection Policy focusing on:
a. Constitutional Due Process;
Where neglect is the issue, the court is seeking to balance the rights
of the parent-respondent against the rights of the child to protection
from neglect and abuse. In balance, also, is the right of the state to
intervene and to provide protection for those who, because of
immaturity, are unable themselves to cope with the dangers arising
out of parental neglect. Thus, in the adjudicatory hearing of a neglect
case, the court is walking a tightrope with any misstep seriously
affecting important rights - rights which are in conflict. Public policy
would seem to dictate that the delicate balances be weighted on
behalf of the child's right to full protection. The author concludes that
reasonable modifications of due process requirements are not
incompatible with a fair hearing. The point is made, however, that
such modifications are more acceptable when brought about through
legislative change rather than through case law resulting from the
judicial process.
c. Publication, Search/Seizures, and Discrimination;
“Discrimination against children” – refers to an act of exclusion,
distinction, restriction or preference which is based on any ground
such as age, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation and gender identity,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social
origin, property, birth, being infected or affected by Human
Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS), being pregnant, being a child in conflict with the
law, being a child with disability or other status or condition, and
which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the
recognition, enjoyment or exercise by all persons, on an equal
footing, of all rights and freedoms.
d. Children with special needs and Inclusive Education.
5. Career Guidance its importance and benefits responsive to the demands of 21 st
century learners including Senior High;
Career Guidance is a counseling program that helps students choose the right
career path based on their educational and professional choices. A qualitative and
quantitative assessment of the student's knowledge, skills, information, and
experience identifies which career options are available.
Important for Students
1. Updated on all the career paths
2. Adhere broad perspective to explore career skills.
3. Gives a clear career road-map.
4. Resolve career disputes between parents and children.
5. Helps in growing connections with domain experts.
6. Much significant part of everyone's life today.
7. Allows to embrace a respectful lifestyle.
8. Makes an informed decision regarding the career progressions.
9. Career guidance lets students explore various career options.
10. Gives the proper knowledge and approach to the prospects and trends of different career
clusters.

6. Principle of Loco Parentis consistent to the primary role of the school in bringing out
maximum potential and best interest of EVERY CHILD in the NEW NORMAL…
The school and the teachers take some of the responsibility and some of the authority
of the parents. The exact extent and nature of this responsibility and power vary from
one society to another and from one school system to another. This is spelled out to
some extent in the law, but much of it is determined by local custom and practice.
The right and duty to educate, being part and parcel of youth-rearing, belong
essentially and naturally to the parents, which right and duty they surrender by
delegation to the educational institutions. 
That is why under the law, when students attend formal education; teachers are given
special parental authority over the students while they remain under their supervision,
instruction, and custody. In other words, the teachers act as their students’ parents
while the real parents are at home, at work, or elsewhere. This is also known as- in
loco parentis principle.
7. Take outs and reflections on the SUBJECT EDUC MANAGEMENT 102 SCHOOL
LEGISLATION

Education should be accomplished for every single person. Education is essential

for everyone where people earn and recognition. It goes without sayings that “If you’re
not willing to learn, no one can help you. If you’re determined to learn no one can stop
you” and “education is one’s wealth that cannot be stolen by anybody.” All people need
to study. Education helps people gain knowledge and enlarge their view over the world.
Being educated whether formal or informal is very important it maximize our potentials
as we are growing. Attaining formal kind of education is somehow our ticket to success
and good future.
In our country there are laws that helps everyone to be educated one of that is
the EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863: The decree provided for the establishment of
primary school for boys and girls in each town of the country, REPUBLIC ACT 6655 OF
1988: Popularly known as the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, the Act
created a system of free education in public high schools.
So to ensure citizens of the Philippines to have quality education. As time passed
by Philippine education system undergone a lot of changes. Other said quality education
is just for the people who can only afford it. Our educational system today created a
“social divide” where in rich people goes to private schools while less fortunate people
have no choice. Rules and regulations, as mentioned, are put in place to provide order
and standards in the school, and any breach can create an imbalance. Discipline
teaches accountability and responsibility in students, as well as on teachers who may
not be behaving in ways that adhere to the school's policies.