sum of areas of circle and square, A = πr 2 + y 2

2 2
2014-2-SAR-ST JOSEPH MATHEMATICS T 954/2 MARKING SCHEME  x   16 − x 
= π  + 
x −x  2π   4 
 , x>0
1. f ( x ) = 
x x 2
1 2
 = +  (16 − x )
ln(1 + x) − 2, x < 0 4π  16 
dA x  1 
x −x = −  (16 − x )
lim f ( x) = lim− dx 2π  8 
x →0 − x →0 x
 4+π 
−x−x = x - 2
= lim−  8π 
x
x →0
= lim − 2
x →0 −
d2A 4+π
=-2 =
dx 2 8
lim f ( x) = lim ln(1 + x) − 2
x →0 + x →0 + dA 4+π 
For minimum value , = 0 , hence  x − 2 = 0
= -2 dx  8π 
f (0) = ln(1 + 0) − 2 16π
x=
= -2 4+π
16π
since ,so A is min at x =
since lim− f ( x) = lim+ f ( x) = f (0) = −2 4+π
x →0 x →0
f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 16π
2πr =
y 4+π
8
r= with minimum area.
4+π
x
0 e2 −1 3.
du 1
let u = 2 + ln x = when x = 1, u = 2 and x = e, u = 3
-2 dx x
1 dx
e du
∫ 1
x (2 + ln x) 3 du
2.
3 1
∫ 2 x (u ) 3
xdu
y 3
3 −3 1 1 
∫2 u du = − 2  u 2  2
x = 2πr 4 y = 16 − x 5
= or 0.06944
72
1 2
 2
4.
d
(ln tan x ) = sec x
dx tan x
5.
1 2
y 2 = 1 + sin x
= cos x
sin x
cos x dy
1 2y = cos x
= dx
sin x cos x
 2 d y  dy  
2
2 2  y 2 +    = − sin x
=  dx  
2 sin x cos x  dx
2
2 d2y  dy 
=
sin 2 x
(shown) 2y + 2  = − y 2 − 1 ( )
dx 2  dx 
2
d2y  dy 
sin 2 x
dy
= 2 y (1 − y )
2y ( )
+ 2  + y 2 − 1 = 0 (shown)
dx 2  dx 
dx
1 2
∫ y (1 − y )
dy = ∫
sin 2 x
dx
1 1 2 when x = 0, f (0) = 1 + sin( 0) = 1
∫ y + 1 − y dy = ∫ sin 2 x dx
dy 1
ln y − ln(1 − y ) = ln tan x + c 2(1) = cos( 0), ⇒ f ' (0) =
dx 2
y d2y 1
2
1
ln = ln tan x + c 2(1) 2 + 2  + 12 − 1 = 0, ⇒ f " (0) = − ,
1− y dx 2 4
π 1 d y 3
 1  1   1  1
when x = , y = (1) + 3  −  + 1  = 0 ⇒ f ''' (0) = −
4 3 dx 3  2  4   2  8
( )
1
3 = ln tan π  + c  1  1
ln   −  − 
( )
1− 1
3
4
∴ 1 + sin x = 1 + x + 
1 4 2  8 3
x + x + ...
2 2! 3!
( )
1
3 = ln 1 1 1 1 3
c = ln =1+ x − x2 − x + ...
( )
1− 1
3
2 2 8 48
y 1
ln = ln tan x + ln
1− y 2
y 1
ln = ln tan x
1− y 2
y 1
= tan x
1− y 2
2 y = tan x − y tan x
2 y + y tan x = tan x
y (2 + tan x) = tan x
tan x
y=
2 + tan x
3 4
 5−2
6 . For four ordinates , 3 strips d = =1
3
x = 2, f ( x ) = ln 2 = 0 .6391 7.a
x = 3, f ( x ) = ln 3 = 1 .0986
3x 2 + 4 x − 1 = 0
x = 4, f ( x ) = ln 4 = 1 .3863 x = 0.215, , x = −1.55
x = 5, f ( x ) = ln 5 = 1 .6094 y = −2.11, y = 0.631
the turning points are (0.215,−2.11) and (- 1.55,0.631)
5 1 d2y
∫ ln xdx = [ln 2 + ln 5 + 2 (ln 3 + ln 4 ) )] . > 0 when x = 0.215 ⇒ (0.215,−2.11) is max. point
2 2 dx 2
1 d2y
= [ln 1440 ] = 3.636 2 3 4 5 .\ < 0 when x = −0.155 ⇒ (- 1.55,0.631) is min. point
2 dx 2
Since the curve of f =lnx higher than the trapezium rule is under estimates of the value of the integral
5 5 1
∫ ln xdx = [x ln x ] − ∫
5
2 x dx
2 2 x
= 5ln5 - 2ln3 Max. pt
= 3.661
3.661 - 3.636
Percentage of error = × 100 = 0.683%
3.661
Min. pt
-1
( )
b. Area of finite region above x - axis = ∫ x 2 − 1 ( x + 2)dx
-2
−1
 x4 2 1 
=  + x 3 − x 2 − 2 x
4 3 2  −2
5
= unit 2
12
5 6
 d2y
c. For the point of inflexion 2 = 0 1 3 15 
dx (2) − (1) −  ln u 2 − ln u 2  = k (t 2 − t1 )
2 2 4 16 
6x + 4 = 0 ⇒ x = − ,
3 1  3 16 
- ln ×  = k (t 2 − t1 )
2 20 d 3 y 2  4 15 
when x = − , y = − , 3 = 6 ≠ 0
3 27 dx 1 5
(t 2 − t1 ) = ln (shown)
 2 20  2k 4
 − ,−  is the point of inflexion
 3 27  1 1 1 5
The time taken by particle from speed u to speed u is ln
2 dy 7 4 2 2k 4
when x = − , =−
3 dx 3
Equation of the tangent at the point of inflexion dv dv dx
20 7 2 = ×
y+ = − x +  dt dx dt
27 3 3 dv
= ×v
7 62 dx
y =− x−
3 27
dv k 2
v = (u − v 2 )
dx v
v2
∫ (u 2
− v2 )
dv = ∫ kdx
dv k  
8. =  u 2 − v 2 
dt v   u2 
 ∫ − 1 + 2 2 dv = ∫ kdx
 u − v 
v
∫ 
dv = ∫ kdt 1
∫ − 1dv +u ∫ u 2 − v 2 dv = ∫ kdx
2
 u − v 
2 2
 
u2 1 1
1
- ∫
v
dv = ∫ kdt ∫ − 1dv + 2u ∫ u + v + u − v dv = ∫ kdx
2  
 u − v 
2 2
u
  − v + [ln(u + v) − ln(u − v)] = kx + c
2
1
2
( )
ln u 2 − v 2 = kt + c u u +v
− v + ln  = kx + c
2 u −v
1
when x = u, let t = t1 1
4 when v = u. and let x = x1
4
1  
2
1 
− ln u 2 −  u   = kt1 + c  1 
2  4  
 1 u 
u+ u
4  = kx + c.
− u + ln 1
1  15  4 2  1 
− ln u 2  = kt1 + c..............(1) u− u
2  16   4 
1 1 u 5
when v = u , let t = t 2 − u + ln  = kx1 + c........(3)
2 4 2  3
1 3 
− ln u 2  = kt 2 + c...............(2 )
2 4 
1
7 8
 1
when v = u. and let x = x 2
2
 1 
u 
u+ u
1 2  = kx + c.
− u + ln 2
2 2  1 
u− u
 2 
1 u
− u + ln (3) = kx 2 + c......( 4)
2 2
(4) − (3)
1 u
− u + ln (3) = kx 2 + c......( 4)
2 2
1 u 5
− u + ln  = kx1 + c........(3)
4 2  3
u1 9 1
x 2− x1 =  ln − 

k 2 5 4 
u  9 
hence the distance is  2 ln − 1
4k  5 
9