REVIEW BOOK Qs 7 PAGES 228-238 (Industrial Age)

1. Aside from overlapping chronologies, why are the Industrial and Imperial Ages so inseparable?
The Industrial and Imperial Ages are so inseparable because imperialism encouraged
rapid industrialization of industries.
2. Why would advanced agricultural technology and techniques lead to urbanization?
Advanced agricultural technology and techniques would lead to urbanization because
they would allow for more food to be produced that could feed more people in one
area.
3. What resources tended to be close to industrialized cities?
Coal, iron, water, and railroads were all resources that tended to be close to
industrialized cities.
4. In general, how did the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and the cotton gin affect production?
The flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and cotton gin all increased the rate of production.
5. Why would steam power have a major effect on the era?
Steam power would have a major effect on the era because it could be used to generate
more power not only for industry, but also transportation.
6. What was the practical impact of the telegraph, telephone and radio?
The practical impact of the telegraph, telephone, and radio was news being able to
reach further away places faster and people being able to communicate over long
distances more efficiently.
7. What did the lightbulb affect human history?
The lightbulb affected human history by making tasks possible to do past dark.
8. How was the Industrial Revolution an extension of the Scientific Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution was an extension of the Scientific Revolution as the
Industrial Revolution applied the understandings from the Scientific Revolution to
practical means in the world that could make life easier.
9. What was the practical impact of interchangeable parts and the assembly line?
The practical impact of interchangeable parts and the assembly line was that parts
could be easily replaced due to all of the products being made the same and
constructed in the same order.
10. Why did assembly-line work affect human individuality?
The assembly line work affected human individuality because people were expected to
work alongside machines and do their job in a certain order without room to go out of
order.
11. What were problematic issues brought about by the industrial age?
Problematic issues brought about by the industrial age included workers being
overworked, underpaid, and frequently in dangerous conditions without insurance or
protection.
12. What were the new divisions of society (classes) spurred by industrialization?
The new divisions of society that were spurred by industrialization were the aristocrats,
the wealthy from their industrial success, the middle class, made up of managers,
lawyers, doctors, and others, and the working class of factory workers and peasant
farmers.
13. What was Adam Smith’s argument for a capitalist economy?
Adam Smith's argument for a capitalist economy was that it would best meet the needs
and desires of individuals and nations as a whole by removing government regulation.
14. Why were the working classes more aware of their low status than the poor in past eras?
 The working classes were more aware of their low status than the poor in past eras
because they saw the connection between their sacrifices and the aristocracy's luxury
while past eras accepted their position in society.
15. What did Marx believe led to the need for the new economic idea he called communism?
Marx believed that the working class would eventually revolt and take control of the
means of production which led to the need for the new economic idea he called
communism.
16. What did Marx believe would result for the working class under a communist system?
Marx believed that the working class would receive better conditions under a
communist system.
17. What motivated Luddites to act as they did?
Bad working conditions and pitiful wages motivated Luddites to act as they did.
18. How did reformers think the abuses of a capitalist system should be addressed?
Reformers thought the abuses of a capitalist system should be addressed by new laws
on behalf of the workers.
19. How did labor unions benefit the workers?
Labor unions benefited the workers by allowing them to bargain for better working
conditions or wages, and to go on strike.
20. What caused a huge migration to the Americas in the late 19th century?
Increased living standards and job opportunities caused a huge migration to the
Americas in the late 19th century.
21. How did worker’s benefits serve as a disadvantage to economic progress for women?
Worker's benefits served as a disadvantage to economic progress for women because
as men earned more money, women left factories and began to manage their homes
more which limited their social, political, professional, and intellectual influence.
22. Why did emancipation not really help the peasantry in Russia?
Emancipation did not really help the peasantry in Russia because they had to give
huge payments to the government for the small plots of land they were given, binding
them to work.
23. Why was “russification” unrealistic in many ways?
"Russification" was unrealistic in many ways because it expected all people in the
Russian Empire to learn the Russian language and convert to Russian Orthodoxy even
if they did not share a cultural history with Russia.
24. Why did Britain and France side with the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War against Russia?
Britain and France sided with the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War against Russia
because they feared Russia becoming more powerful with more land, disrupting the
European balance of power.