2014-2-KL-DESA MAHKOTA MATHEMATICS T 954/2 MARKING SCHEME the x axis.

[10 marks]
NO Marking Scheme Marks Total
1  3x − x 2 , x≤3
The function f is defined by f(x) =  . Find lim- f (x ) and
2 At point of intersection, (x2)2 = 8x
 x − 3x + 2, x>3 x→3
x(x3 – 8) = 0
lim f (x ) . Hence, determine whether lim f (x ) exists. Determine also whether
x →3+ x→3
x = 0 or x = 2
f is continuous at x = 0. [6 marks] So, points of intersection are (0 , 0) and (2 , 4).
B1, B1
lim f (x ) = lim- 3x − x 2 = 0 and lim+ x 2 − 3x + 2 = 2 B1, B1 y
x→3- x →3 x →3
(2 , 4)
Since lim f ( x ) ≠ lim f (x ) ,
x→3- x →3+
Both: A1 y2 = 8x
lim f ( x ) does not exist. D1, D1
x→3
0 x
lim f ( x ) = lim- 3x − x 2 = 0 and lim+ f (x ) = lim- 3x − x 2 = 0
x→ 0 - x →0 x →0 x →0
f(0) = 3 x − x 2 = 0 B1 y = x2
Since lim- f ( x ) = lim+ f (x ) = f(0), and 2 2
x→ 0 x →0 M1 Area = ∫ 0
8 x dx - ∫ 0
x 2 dx
M1
lim f (x ) exists, 2
x→0
A1 6
= ∫ 0
( 8 x − x 2 )dx
f is continuous at x = 0.
 
 2
3
1 3 2
2 A curve has parametric equations y =
 , x =
 , t  0. Find the =  8( )x 2 − x 
 
 3 3 0 M1
coordinates of the points on the curve where the gradient is zero, and, find the
equation of the tangent at the point where t = 2. [8 marks] 8
= unit2
3 A1
dy 1 dx 1 M1
= 1 − 2 and = 1+ 2 2 2
dt t dt t Volume = π ∫ 8xdx
0
-π ∫0
x 4 dx
M1
dy t 2 − 1 2
So =
dx t 2 + 1
M1 =π ∫0
(8 x − x 4 )dx
M1
When gradient is 0, t2- 1 = 0, so t = ± 1.  1 2
= π 4 x 2 − x 5 
Therefore, coordinates when gradient is 0 are (0 , 2) and (0 , -2). A1, A1  5 0  M1
dy 3 48
When t = 2, = , M1 = π unit3
dx 5 5 A1 10
1 3 1
Equation of tangent is ( y − 2 ) = (x − 1 ) M1
2 5 2
5y-3x-8 = 0 or y = (3/5)x + 8/5 A1 8 4 dy
Given that = y sin 2x and that y = 1 when x = 0, find y in terms of x. [5 marks]
3 Find the area bounded by the curves y2 = 8x and y = x2. Find also the volume of dx
revolution generated when the area is rotated through four right angles about
 1 M1  d 3 y  dy d2y d2y
∫ y dy = ∫ sin 2x dx 4 (1 + x )

=
dx 3  dx
-2 2 -4 2
dx dx
1 A1
ln y = − cos 2 x + c
2
 d 3 y  dy d2y
Given x = 0, y = 1, so ln 1 = - ½ + c M1 4 (1 + x ) = - 6 2 ----------(2)
 dx 3  dx dx
c=½
dy d2y
1 1 M1 −6 2 M1
Therefore, ln y = − cos 2 x + d 3 y dx dx
2 2 =
A1 5 dx 3 4(1 + x)
1 1 1
− cos 2 x (1− cos 2 x )
 d4y d3y  d2y d3y
2
y =℮2 2
or ℮2 or ℮ sin x
Differentiate (2), 4 (1 + x ) + (1) = -6 3
5  dx 4 dx 3  dx 2 dx
d2 y dy
Given that
  √ ; show that 4(1 + x) +2 = y.
dx 2 dx d2y d3y M1
− 10 3
d 4 y dx 2 dx
By further differentiation of this result or otherwise, show that the series =

dx 4 4(1 + x )
expansion for y in ascending powers of x up to the term x4 is
 1  

  −5 B1
    , where k is a constant. [11 marks] Let f(x) = y, so f(0) = ℮ , f’(0) = ℮/2, f ‘’(0) = 0, f’’’ (0) = ℮/8 , f’’’’ (0) = ℮
 16
1 Therefore,
  √
dy
(1 + x ) 2 (1)
−1
1+ x
= ℮ M1
dx  2  1  x3  − 5  x4 
= ℮ + ½ ℮x +0 + ℮  + ℮  +… M1
1 8  3!  16  4! 
1+ x
= ℮
2 1+ x  
So
 1           , A1
−5
d2y 1
(1 + x ) 2 (1) - ℮  1 
−1 −1 where k is . A1 11
= 2 1+ x ℮ 1+ x 1+ x
2( )(1 + x ) 2 (1) M1 384
dx 2  2   2  6 1
The diagram shows the parts of the graph of y = between x = 0 and x = 1.
4(1+x) 1+ x
1+ x 1+ x The four trapeziums drawn under the curve are of equal width, and their total
= ℮ - ℮ / 1+ x
area is an approximation to the area under the curve from x = 0 and x = 1.
4(1+x) Calculate this approximation to the area under the curve, giving 3 significant
figures in your answer.
dy
y−2 Determine whether this approximation is an over-estimation or under-
dx M1
= estimation of the exact area under the curve, stating your reason. [5 marks]
4(1 + x)
x 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
d 2 y dy
4(1+x) +2 =y (shown) -----(1) A1
dx 2 dx y= 1/(1+x) 1 4/5 2/3 4/7 1/2
 d3y d2y  d 2 y dy h=¼
M1 B1
Differentiate (1), 4 (1 + x ) + (1) + 2 2 =
 dx 3 dx 2  dx dx
M1
 1  1  1  4 2 4  A1 1 1 1 1
ln x - ln(a − bx) = t + ln
Area =   1 + + 2 + +  Therefore,
2  4  2  5 3 7  a a a b
Both B2 1 bx
= 0.697 or zero 5 ln =t
This approximation is an over-estimation a (a − bx)
because the curve concaves upwards in the interval [0 , 1]. a − bx
7 The length x , of a certain leaf, at time t (during a period of its growth) is = ℮-at
bx M1
proportional to the amount of water it contains. It may be assumed that during bx
this period the leaf is square in shape. The leaf absorbs water from the plant at = 1/(1+℮-at)
a
a rate proportional to the length of the leaf and loses water by evaporation at a a
rate proportional to the area of the leaf. Show that the growth of the leaf can X = [1/(1+℮-at)]. A1
b
dx When t
∞ , ℮-at
0, so x
a/b.
be represented by the differential equation = ax − bx 2 , where a and b are M1
dt
a
a Therefore, the length of leaf never exceed .
positive constants. Solve this equation, given that, when t = 0, x = . Hence, b A1
2b
express x in terms of t and deduce that the length of the leaf never exceeds the x
a D1 for
value of . Sketch the graph for length of leaf, x against time, t. [15 marks] a
b shape.
b
Absorption of water α length, x Both: B1
Loss of water α area, x2 a D1 for
Given that length, x at time t α amount of water contained, 2b both a/b
dx line & 15
So, growth of leaf, α absorption – loss of water M1
dt 0 t a/2b
dx
Therefore, = ax − bx 2 , where a and b are positive constants. A1 8 The equation x3 – 12x + 1 = 0 has two positive roots, α and β, (α < β), and one
dt
negative root.
1
∫ ax − bx 2
dx = ∫ dt M1 (a) Prove that 0 < α < 1 and 3 < β < 4.

1 A B M1 (b) Show that the iteration   12 1 ;   0,1,2, …
Let ≡ + , provided that ! > α will converge to β and can be used to find the
x( a − bx) x a − bx
root β.
1 = A(a-bx) + B(x) (c) Form another iteration that will converge to α.
A1 (d) Use the Newton-Raphson method with 3.5 as a starting value to
Taking x = 0, A = 1/a and Taking x = a/b, B = b/a.
calculate β correct to two decimal places. [15 marks]
1
So, ∫
ax − bx 2
dx = ∫ dt becomes
a) Let f(x) = x3 – 12x + 1
M1
1 b  f(0) = 1 and f(1) = -10
∫  ax + a(a − bx) dx = ∫ dt M1 There is a change in sign.
A1
So there is a root between 0 and 1.
1 1
ln x - ln(a − bx ) = t + c M1
a a f(3) = -8 and f(4) = 17
a 1 1 Opposite signs. So there is a root between 3 and 4.
M1
Given when t = 0, x = , so c= ln M1
2b a b Given root α < β, proven that 0 < α < 1 and 3 < β < 4 A1
b) x3 – 12x + 1 = 0 B1
 x3 = 12x - 1
1
3
x = (12 x − 1)

So, F(x) =   12 1 ;   0,1,2, …
4 M1
F’(x) = 2
(12 x − 1) 3
M1
F’(3.5) = 0.34 (less than 1)
Since F ' ( x) < 1, and ! > α,
 A1
the iteration   12 1 ;   0,1,2, … will converge to β
and can be used to find the root β.
c) From x3 – 12x + 1 = 0
x3 + 1 = 12x B1
x3 +1
x=
12
3
xn + 1
F(x) = xn+1 =
12
x2 M1
F’(x) =
4
F’(0.5) = 0.06 (less than 1)
3 A1
xn + 1
Since F ' ( x) < 1, the iteration xn+1 = will converge to α..
12
d) Let f(x) = x3 – 12x + 1 M1
f’(x) = 3x2 – 12
M1
1.875
Using Newton-Raphson and taking x0 = 3.5, x1 = 3.5 -
24.75
= 3.424
0.0542 M1
x1 = 3.424 -
23.171
= 3.422
A1 15
Therefore, β is 3.42 correct to 2 decimal places.
Prepared by: Chang SS, Catherine
Checked by: Verified by:
(MR. BALASUNDARAM A/L KUMARASAMY) (MDM HONG LAY TIN)
Math & Sc Coordinator