Community & PubliC HealtH for mediCal laboratory SCienCe

WEEK 4| RATES, RATIOS AND VITAL STATISTICS

Abdulaziz S. Ayob| 1 – YB – 7 | 2nd Semester |Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science

RATES AND RATIO • The rate is expressed in population unit of

1000 to make the figures meaningful
• RATIO
- also called a proportion is the quotient of two numbers CRUDES DEATH RATE (CDR)
- A good example is number of deaths per population • This is a measure of the risk of dying from
all causes in a population
• RATE
- is a ratio involving a time period.
- The count or measurement is observed over a period and
then divided by its base or population of observation. MMR and IMR

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR)

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE RATE
INCIDENCE RATE
- measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon
during a given period of time.
- Deals only with NEW cases.
PREVALENCE RATE
- measures the proportion of the population which exhibits a
particular disease at a particular time.
- This can only be determined following a survey of the
population concerned.
- Deals with total (old and new) number of cases
CONCEPTS OF INCIDENCE
• Also known as attack rate, case, sickness rate morbidity rate
• It refers to newly discovered cases of a particular disease
• It answers the question “how frequent do cases of a particular
disease occur during a given period of time”
• Used when dealing with a acute conditions and accidents
• Measure the risk of dying due to the process of pregnancy,
childbirth and puerperium.
• It also measures the adequacy of maternal health services
INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)
• Measures the risk of dying due to infancy (under 1 year of
age)
• deaths under 1 year of age/ number of live births x 1000
NMR,FDR and PNR
NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE
• Measures the risk of dying in the first four weeks of life of the
infant (newborn)
• The number of children dying under 28 days of age divided
by the number of live births that year
• (Number of infant death / number of life birth) X 1000
FETAL DEATH RATE
• Measures the risk of dying before birth

PERI-NATAL MORTALITY RATE

CONCEPTS OF PREVALENCE • The word means around the period of birth (a month or
more before births and one month after birth)
• Measures the loss of life in later pregnancy and
• It refers to the newly discovered and old cases of a particular
early infancy.
disease over a population
• Used when dealing with chronic conditions and disabilities
• It answers the question “what proportion of the group or
population is actually ill with a particular disease at a point in
time.
• Usually determined by means of survey

CBR and CDR

CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR)

• This is rough of the fertility of the
population
• The rate is called crude for the following
reasons
• Only live births are counted
• The denominator is the total population which
includes children, old people and males

RATES, RATIOS AND VITAL STATISTICS

RATES, RATIOS AND VITAL STATISTICS