Mogdisho university

Faculty: education and humanity

Department: social work
Group:

Introduction 1:0
Titlle :the impect of drug usage on child
street in mogdisho somlia.
1.1:Background of the study
History
Drug usage and street children are living in
cities, towns and villages all over the globe,
regardless of the economic climate of the
country.
The United Nations estimates there are up to 150
million street children in the world. No one knows the
exact number because they are often unknown to
social care and government organisations.
Street children can have complex circumstances and
are very vulnerable to exploitation and violence. It’s
hard to reach them with vital services such as
education and healthcare. They miss out on their right
to education because they are trying to support
themselves or their families, so less formal approaches
might be needed to try to get them into learning.

Globally
Street children are poor or homeless childrenwho live on the streets of a city, town, or village.
Homeless youth are often called street kids, or urchins; the definition of street children is
contested, but many practitioners and policymakers use UNICEF's concept of boys and
girls, aged under 18 years, for whom "the street" (including unoccupied dwellings and
wasteland) has become home and/or their source of livelihood, and who are inadequately
protected or supervised.[1] Street girls are sometimes called gamines,[2][3][4] a term that is
also used for Colombian street children of either sex.[5][6][7]
Gavroche, a fictional character in the historical novel Les Misérables by Victor Hugo, is inspired by the
street children who existed in France in the 19th century

Street life is a challenge for survival, even for adults,

and is yet more difficult for children. They live within
the city but are unable to take advantage of the
comforts of urban life. This study focused primarily
on access to health and education in street children
from 6 to 18 years old in the Indian metropolises of
Mumbai and Kolkata.Findings revealed that extreme
poverty was the primary cause for the increasing
numbers of street children. Lack of awareness among
illiterate parents regarding educational opportunities
kept most children away from school attendance.
Factors such as lack of an educational ambience at
home made it difficult for the children to work on
their lessons outside the premises of the institution.
(Nilika Dutta
International Journal of Child, Youth and Family
Studies 9 (1), 69-82, 2018)
In India, 90% of street children are working children
with regular family ties who live with their families,
but are on the streets due to poverty and their parents'
unemployment. The remaining 10% are either
working children with few family ties who view the
streets as their homes or abandoned and neglected
children with no family ties.
"S Nigam
Journal of Health management 7 (1), 63-67, 1994"The
term 'street child' is used-often very loosely- to
describe children and youth who live and/or work
(which in this context includes activities such as
stealing, rag picking and begging) on the streets and a
range of other urban spaces, including empty
buildings and wasteland.

The term “street children” in the Philippines has been used to describe
young boys and girls (under 18 years of age) who consider the streets
their home and source of livelihood.
”, May 12-14 2004, Manila Philippines".
Street children are forced to spend a lot of time away
from their homes and some of them do not have
homes at all, due to economic and family problems,
which makes them exposed to many health problems,
such as the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Iran,
like many other countries in the world, experiences
the burden of street children, however, the rate of
HCV among street children is virtually unknown. This
study aimed to determine the prevalence of HCV
among street children in Iran. children who work and
live on the streets are at higher risk of undesired
behavioral health outcomes, including increased drug
use and abuse. Considering the rapid growth of this
population in Iran and the lack of program planning
that is partly due to a scarcity of research-based
information, this study was conducted in 2013 to
investigate drug use among street children in Tehran.
(Masoud Behzadifar, Hasan Abolghasem Gorji, Aziz
Rezapour, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Infectious Diseases of Poverty 7 (05), 77-82, 2018)

Regionally :in africa

street children in terms of gender, age, reasons for going to the

streets, family relations and structure, delinquency, drug use,
groups and the outcomes of street life. In particular, the
victimization of street children in Ethiopia is examinedStreet
children are vulnerable to a variety of problems including physical,
psychological and sexual exploitations as well as social
isolationStreet children are at high risk of sexual and physical
exploitation. Interventions targeting integration and reunion with
families, reduction of physical and sexual exploitation, access to
education, mental health promotion and reduction of drug use
behavior should be taken in to considerations
;( Ethiopia 2016
Ayana Chimdessa, Amsale Cheire
BMC pediatrics 18 (1), 1-8, 2018).
street children ages 5 to 18 year Street children are subject to
violence, a lack of health care, and a lack of education. Which
denies them the right to live in a secure environment and exposes
them to different health problems.
;(Degu Abate, Addis Eyeberu, Dechasa Adare, Belay Negash.
Z one 17 (3), e0265601, 2022;)

Street children face untold hardship and danger on the

streets. The lack of food, clean water and adequate
health care. "children of the street" (Lugalla, 1995)
(Street Children's in Ethiopia, April 19th - 21st 1April 2000.)
The twenty-first century presents a hostile face to many millions of
children in many African countries. An increasing number of children
are being forced to the streets as result of poverty, abuse, torture, rape
abandonment or orphaned by AIDS. Human rights violations against
children in the 1990s have become a common and disturbing
occurrence in many African countries. Indeed denial of basic human
and legal rights including the right to life, liberty and security as a
person to children are now a defining feature of the African socio-
economic landscape.
Street children are subject to violence, a lack of health care, and a lack
of education. Which denies them the right to live in a secure
environment and exposes them to different health problems.
Currently, little is known about the prevalence of Streetism, including
health conditions. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the health
status of street children and determinants of StreetismStreet children
are at high risk of sexual and physical exploitation. Interventions
targeting integration and reunion with families, reduction of physical
and sexual exploitation, access to education, mental health promotion
and reduction of drug use behavior should be taken in to
considerations..
("Ethiopia 2016 Ayana Chimdessa, Amsale Cheire
BMC pediatrics 18 (1), 1-8, 2018")
street children as children in difficult circumstances, which
represent a minority population that has been under-represented for
too long in health research. This is a concern because street
children are at risk of carrying a greater disease burden. Their
homeless lifestyle makes them more vulnerable to health risks and
problems than children who live at home; as they roam the streets
begging for food and money to obtain basic needs and are found
sleeping in half-destroyed houses, abandoned basements, under
bridges and in the open air. ;(journal of puplic health in africa 6 (2)
'2015")

In locally:somalia

street children are the result of poverty,

lack of education, abuse, and poor
parenting. . It is further revealed that,
domestic violence, abuse and poor family
ties are all widespread among street kids.
Even their family situation became
unbearable, and they chose to live on the
streets. The report concludes that a mix of
socioeconomic issues, including as high
unemployment, family poverty, union
instability and divorce, absence of family
support systems, and high prevalence of
viral illnesses, are to blame for children
living on the streets. (HIV), Prevalence,
drug misuse, and domestic violence are all
issues that need to be addressed. In order to
address the challenge of street children in
Somalia, there is need for an all-inclusive a
comprehensive strategy comprising,
concentrating on awareness and attention to
physical and mental health through
treatment, referral, and health awareness.,
focusing on Injuries, infectious diseases,
respiratory diseases, drugs, sexually
transmitted diseases.

Theoretical perspective