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Lecture 5the Periodic Table PDF
Lecture 5the Periodic Table PDF
Biomedical Science 2
Atomic radius,
and Electronegativity.
Develpoment of periodic table
- Found some groups of three elements have similar
properties called Dobereiner triads.
1817
- Other triads did not obey the rule.
First
Triad
Johann Dobereiner
Second
Triad
Third
Triad
Develpoment of periodic table
- Arranged all elements known at the time in
increasing order of their atomic mass.
1864
- Elements did not show same properties after calcium.
John Newlands
Develpoment of periodic table
- Arranged all elements known at the time in
increasing order of their atomic number and their
1864 properties.
1869
Julius Meyer
Develpoment of periodic table
1913
Henry Moseley
The periodic table
The periodic table consists of vertical lines called Groups and horizantal
are known as Periods.
The periodic table
The periodic table can be separated into two large sections metals and
non-metals, these are separated by the stairs of metalloids from Boron to
Astatine.
Blocks of the periodic table
Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of
an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.
Atomic Ionization
radius energy (IE)
Electron Electronegativity
affinity (EA) (EN)
Atomic radius
It is half of the distance between
the centers of two identical atoms
in a diatomic molecule and
measured in Picometers pm or
Angstrom A°
Ionic Radius
Radius of the negative ion Radius of the positive ion
The negative ion radius is greater The positive ion radius is smaller
than the radius of its atom. than the radius of its atom.
Ionization energy (IE)
Defined as the energy needed to remove
or separate the least bound electrons to
a single atom in its gaseous state
A + Energy A+ + e-
Electron affinity (EA)
Defined as the released energy when a
neutral gas atom in its lowest level of
energy combines with electron giving
the negative gas ion.
A(g) + e- A-(g) + Energy
Electronegativity (EN)
Defined as the ability of an atom to
attract electrons of a chemical bond
when it combines with another
atom.
Along group
Along period
Property Defenitionl from down
from left to right
upwards
The energy required to
Inoziation energy
remove 1e- from the outer Increases Increases
(IE)
orbital.
The energy released when an
Electron affinity
atom acquired 1 electron to Increases Increases
(EA)
become an ion
Decreases
The distance between two Metal ions
Atomic/Ionic
adjacent element nuclei decrease & Decreases
volume (size)
divided by 2 nonmetal ion
increase
The tendency of the atom to
Electronegativity
attract the pair of bonding Increases Increases
(EN)
electrons in covalent bonds.
Electron affinity Increases