GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

Laboratory Worksheet 8: The Leaf

Senior High School Department
1st Trimester, A.Y. 2017-2018

A. Leaf Diversity

Specimen Venation Type Phyllotaxy

Amorphophallus Pinnate Simple Opposite

Averrhoa Pinnate Pinnately compound Whorled

Zea mays Parallel Simple Alternate

Guyabano Pinnate Pinnately compound Alternate

Ixora Pinnate Simple Opposite

Moringa Pinnate Pinnately compound Opposite

Orchid Parallel Simple Alternate

Oregano Reticulate Simple Opposite

Pandan Parallel Simple Whorled

Rhoeo discolor Parallel Palmately compound Whorled

B. 1. Dicot Leaf

upper
palisade parenchyma epidermis
spongy parenchyma
lower
xyle epidermis
m phloem
bundle sheath

B. 2. Monocot Leaf

upper
epidermis
mesophyll
vascular
bundle
bundle sheath
xyle
m
phloem
lower
epidermis

C. Comparison of the Dicot Leaf with the Monocot Leaf

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 Basis of Comparison Dicot Monocot
External Features

Blade Broad Long

Venation Reticulate Parallel

Petiole Present Absent (connected by

sheath instead)
Internal Features

Isobilateral/dorsiventr Dorsiventral Isobilateral

al
Mesophyll Loose; separated into Compact; smaller
spongy mesophyll and intercellular spaces
palisade
Vascular Bundles Large only Various sizes

Bulliform Cells Absent Present

Stomates Kidney-shaped guard Dumbbell-shaped guard

cells; usu. hypostomatic; cells; usu.
random placement amphistomatic; parallel
rows

D. Leaf Epidermis

epidermal cell

stoma

stomatal pore

guard cells

E. Modified Leaves

Specimen Modification Function

Aloe vera Succulent Storage of nutrients,
particularly water, for long
periods
Bitter gourd Tendrils Support for climbing, twining,
or weak-stemmed plants
Cactus Spines Defense mechanism against
herbivores; cools plant down
and collects water
Euphorbia Spines Defense mechanism against
herbivores; cools plant down
and collects water
Pitcher plant Trap Traps insects to acquire
nutrients

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 Questions:

1. Why are the blades of most leaves flat?

They are thin so that the sunlight can reach the chloroplasts and they are broad in order
to receive as much sunlight as possible. This makes photosynthesis more efficient.

2. How does the petiole aid in the photosynthetic function of the leaves?
It allows the nutrients and water from the roots to be transported to the leaves for
photosynthesis. It also allows the rest of the plant to receive the energy from
photosynthesis.

3. Name five plants whose leaves have economic importance. Indicate what it is used for.
Cabbage Food source
Carnauba palm Wax (candles, polishes)
Pandan Woven items (hats, bags, mats)
Indigo Dye
Tea plant Tea

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