Biology

Activity 1. R E P R O D U C T I O N
Reproduction Plants Animals
Can reproduce Yes, plants can reproduce Yes, animals can
asexually? asexually. reproduce asexually.

If yes, write the different
ways on how they
reproduce asexually.
Explain and give an
example
The different ways on
how plants reproduce
asexually is through
vegetative propagation
and fragmentation.
Vegetative propagation is
where offspring grow
from a part of the parent
plant. An example of
vegetative propagation is
true bulb which includes
onion and garlic. And the
last way a plant can
reproduce asexually is
through fragmentation.
Fragmentation is another
form of asexual
reproduction that
involves new plants
growing from small parts
of the parent plant that
fall to the ground. And its
example are liverworts
and mosses.
The different ways on how
animals reproduce asexually
is through parthenogenesis,
budding, fragmentation or
binary fission.
Parthenogenesis is a form of
reproduction in which an egg
can develop into an embryo
without being fertilized by a
sperm. An example of
parthenogenesis is a bird.
Another way is budding
which is a small growth on
surface of parent breaks off,
resulting in the formation of
two individuals and its
example is yeast. Next is
fragmentation and it is where
organisms break into two or
more fragments that develop
into a new individual. Or it
can be binary fission where
single parent cell doubles its
DNA, then divides into two
cells and usually occurs in
bacteria. An example of
fragmentation is starfish
while an example of binary
fission is amoeba.

Reproduction Plants Animals

Can reproduce Yes, plants can Yes, animals can
sexually? reproduce sexually. reproduce sexually.
If yes, write the different
ways on how they
reproduce sexually
There is only one way There is only one way
on how plants on how animals can
reproduce sexually produce sexually and
and that is through that is through
pollination. fertilization.
Pollination is the Fertilization is the
transfer of pollen fusion of haploid
from-flower-to-flower gametes, egg and
in angiosperms or sperm, to form the
cone-to-cone in diploid zygote and
gymnosperms. give birth to the
young ones.

Activity 2. Growth and Development

Directions. Read and analyze the statements below. Write TRUE
if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

(F) 1. Animals have definite pattern of growth and

development while plants’ growth is limited
to a certain size.
(T) 2. The cells of plants and animals enable them to grow
and develop.
(T) 3. Both plants and animals’ growth are supported by
organs and organ systems.
(F) 4. Plants and animals have meristematic regions.
 (F) 5. Plants and animals can grow throughout their life.

Activity 3. Mode of Nutrition

Directions. Read and analyze the statements below. Write TRUE
if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Write your
answer in your answer sheet.

(T) 1. Plants have the capability to make their own food

while animals cannot.
(T) 2. Both plants and animals obtain their food from
sunlight, water and air.
(T) 3. Plants are autotrophic while animals are
heterotrophic.
(T) 4. Animals depend on plants and other organisms for
food while plants rely on sunlight, water and air.
(F) 5. Plants and animals have presence of chlorophyll on
their cells.
Activity 4. Gas Exchange
Directions: Compare and contrast the process of gas exchange in plants
and animals. Copy and complete the table in your answer sheet.
Plants Animals
Take In/Inhales Carbon dioxide Oxygen
Releases/Exhales Oxygen Carbon dioxide
Organs/Structure Stomata is where the Lungs, gills, skin are
Used for Gas gases happened to the organs/structure
Exchange exchange that is used for gas
exchange.

Activity 5. Transport/Circulation
Directions. Read and analyze the statements below. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.

(T) 1. Plants are less complex and requires less food and water to survive
while animals require more food and nutrients.
(F) 2. In animals, circulatory system is the main transport system in the body
while plants have vascular vessels.
(F) 3. Both plants and animals have capillaries to allow the flow of fluids
in their body.
(T) 4. Plants do translocation process while animals do the circulation process.
(T) 5. Plants have xylem and phloem to carry water, dissolved minerals to
different parts of the plant while animals have arteries and capillaries
that carries oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.

Activity 6. Regulation of Body Fluids

Directions. Read and analyze the statements below. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Write the answer on your
answer sheet.
TRUE FALSE
1. Vacuoles are structures in plants ……………………
that regulates cytoplasm osmolarity ……..
while animals have excretory
system that controls the amount of
water loss and maintains osmotic
pressure.
2. In animals, organs that are ……………………
responsible for osmoregulation …
depend on the species while plant
cells rely on vacuoles to regulate
cytoplasm osmolarity.
3. Osmoregulation in plants and …………
animals mainly depends on the …
water and salt absorbed in roots.
4. Plants that live in different …….
habitat have different ways on to
regulate water loss and absorption.
5. Osmoregulators like birds and ………….
mammals can keep the osmolarity
of body fluids different from their
environment while
osmoconformers like marine
invertebrates allow the osmolarity
of their body fluids to
match that of their environment.
 Activity 7. Chemical and Nervous Control
Directions: Compare and contrast the chemical and
nervous control in plants and in animals. Copy and
complete the table on your answer sheet.

Chemical and Nervous

Control
Plants Animals
Presence of Plant hormones can Vertebrates have ductless
glands/ Endocrine glands
affect all aspects of plant
hormones life, from flowering to
that produces hormones.
While
fruit setting and
maturation, and from
phototropism to leaf fall.
Moreover, hormones are
signaling chemicals that
are present in tiny
amounts, distributed
throughout the plant
body, and only elicit
responses in cells that
have the appropriate
hormone receptors, just
as in animals.
Origin of hormones Every cell in a plant can Unlike plant
hormones, animal
produce plant hormones.
hormones are
Animal hormones are
often produced in
produced exclusively in specialized hormone-
specific glands. synthesizing glands.
Hormones control a wide The hormones are then
range of plant behaviors secreted from the
in response to various glands into the blood
stream, where they are
stimuli.
transported throughout
the body.
Structure that In plants, hormones
transports travel large
hormones throughout the body
via the vascular tissue
(xylem and phloem)
and cell-to-cell via
plasmodesmata.
Hormones produced The hormones that are produced by
plants are: a) Auxin, the master growth
and functions regulator; b) Cytokinin which is
responsible for cell division; c)
Gibberellins responsible for stem, fruit,
and seed growth; d) Abscisic Acid
(ABA) that causes dormancy of the
plant; e) Ethylene,
promotes fruit ripening, flower wilting,
and leaf fall; f) Systemin, anti-herbivory
hormone that activates plant responses
to wounds from herbivores; g) Methyl
Salicylate (MeSa), hormone for
immunity that helps regulate responses.
The Endocrine and
nervous system
coordinate with each
other through a series of
feedback mechanism.
Feedback mechanism A
mechanism or a signal
that tends to initiate (or
accelerate) or to inhibit
(or slow down) a process.
Here are some of the Endocrine
glands and hormones they
produced. a) Hypothalamus - the
hormones from the hypothalamus
govern physiologic functions such
as temperature regulation, thirst,
hunger, sleep, mood, sex drive,
and the release of other hormones
within the body.; b) Anterior
Pituitary gland - Growth Hormone
(GH), stimulates growth,
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH), regulates levels of the
steroid hormone cortisol, which
released from the adrenal gland; c)
Parathyroid gland , Parathyroid
Hormone, increases blood 𝑪𝒂 𝟐+;
d) Thyroid gland – produces
thyroxine that increases metabolic
rate and heart rate; promotes
growth; e) Adrenal glands –
Epinephrine, produces many
effects related to short- term stress
response, Cortisol, produces many
effects related to short-term and
long-term responses, Aldosterone,
increases reabsorption of 𝑁𝑎+ by
kidneys; f) Pancreas - Islets of
Langerhans Insulin, decreases
blood glucose, Glucagon,
increases blood glucose Kidneys,
Erythropoietin (EPO), increases
synthesis of red blood cells
Vitamin D and decreases blood
𝐶𝑎2+; g) Ovaries – Estradiol,
regulates development and
maintenance of secondary sex
characteristics in females; other
effects; Progesterone-

Presence of Plants don’t have a
presence of nervous
Nervous System system. However, it has
plant hormones that
affect all aspects of plant
life.
Plants don’t have a
Basic structure basic structure since
it has no presence of
nervous system.
Location NONE
Activity 8. Immune System
prepares uterus for
pregnancy; h) Testes –
testosterone, regulates
development and
maintenance of secondary
sex characteristics in
males;
All animals have a true
nervous system except
sea sponges.
While there is great
diversity among
different vertebrate.
a CNS that contains
a brain and spinal
cord and a PNS
made up of
peripheral sensory
and motor nerves.
One interesting
difference between the
nervous systems of
invertebrates and
vertebrates is that the
nerve cords of many
invertebrates are
located ventrally (along
the belly) whereas the
vertebrate spinal cords
are located dorsally
(along the back).
Directions. Read and analyze the statements below. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Write the answer on your
answer sheet.

TRUE 1. Plants have Methyl Salicylate hormone that

helps regulate responses to infection by parasites or
pathogens while animals have a complex immune
system that recognize foreign substances in the
body and destroy them.
FALSE 2. Plants use hormones to fight infection while
animals use a complex network of organs
containing cells to fight against diseases.
TRUE 3. Plants and animals have their own special way
in fighting pathogens, viruses, bacteria and other
parasites that penetrates into the organism.
TRUE 4. Plants: two branched innate immune system;
Animals advanced immune system
FALSE 5. Molecular/substance recognition has significant
role in the immunity of plants and animals.