COMPUTER SCIENCE

UNIT # 1

Introduction to computer

Introduction:

 A computer is an electronic device which makes our work easy by doing certain kind of work.
 We play games, watch movies, send and receive messages, draw pictures and solve problems
with the help of this machine.

Define computer.

Computer is an electronic device, which takes input from user, store and process it, then give output in
the form of results.

What does a computer do?

 A computer works continuously.

 A computer works fast and does large calculations in seconds.
 A computer never makes mistakes.
 A computer can do many kinds of work at the same time.

Parts of Computer

 Monitor
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Printer
 Hard disk
 CPU
 Speaker
 Head phone
 Scanner
 USB Drive
 Web Cam
 UPS

Functions Of Parts of Computer

Monitor

 It looks like a television screen.

 It is an output device.
 It displays text, pictures, movies and results.
Keyboard

 Keyboard has many small buttons called keys.

 Keyboard is used for typing letters, words, numbers and its special characters.
 Keyboard is an input device.

Mouse

 Mouse is an input device.

 Mouse is used to tell the computer what to do.
 Mouse is connected to the CPU with a wire.

CPU

 The CPU is regarded as the computer’s brain.

 The CPU is responsible for all data processing operations.
 It controls and gives commands to all Computer parts such as memory, input and output
devices.

Printer

 Printer is an output device.

 Printer allows a user to print items on the paper, such as letters and pictures.
 Printer is used to prepare projects for children by printing pictures.

Input / Output Devices

Input Devices

Input device allows the user to send data, information as well as control signals to a computer.

Examples

Keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick , etc.

Output Devices
The output device displays the data that is entered in the computer through an input devices.

Examples

Monitor, printer, speaker, headphone, projector etc.

Computer components (Hardware and Software)

Hardware components

Hardware components are the physical parts of a computer, like the central processing unit (CPU),
mouse, storage and more.

Software components

Software components are the set of instructions that we store and run on our hardware.

Types of Computer

There are four different types of computers, based on their speed, size and memory. These are as
follows:

 Supercomputers
Supercomputers are the most powerful computers in the world. They have a very large storage
capacity and high processing speeds.
 Mainframe computers
Mainframe computers are less powerful and less expensive than supercomputers.
 Minicomputers
Minicomputers are general purpose computers where a large number of people can work
together. They are smaller than the mainframe computers.
 Microcomputers
A microcomputer is the least expensive of all the computers. It is smaller in size than the
minicomputers. It is usually used as a personal computer at home or for business purposes.

Practical

How to turn on a computer

 Find the on button. The first step to using your computer is to turn it on.
 Press the Button. Press the button you’ve found to turn your computer on.
 Log in

How to turn off a computer

 Click on the “Start” button.

 Click on the “Shut down” button.
 Wait for the screen to turn blank.
 Switch off the monitor.
 Switch off the electricity.

Using your mouse (Holding the mouse).

 Place your thumb on the desk or the tabletop on the left side of the mouse.
 Your index finger (pointer) should rest on the left button of the mouse.
 Place the middle finger on the right button of the mouse.
 Your ring finger and little finger (pinkie) should rest on the right side of the mouse.