1

CARIGARA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Carigara, Leyte

Senior High School Department

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion

4P's Program: Its Effect to the Academic Performance of Grade 12 students

in Carigara National High School

By:

Capablanca, Nel Christian Y.

Glore, Marivic Andrea

Ignacio, Jennifer D.

Narbonita, Mariella Joy

Punay, Lorie Jane C.

Toribio, Lyka Jane N.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we would like to give our sincere gratitude to our Almighty Lord

God the Father for giving the researchers his guidance, knowledge, wisdom,

strength and inspiration in finishing this study from creating the title of the study

up to the presentation.

To all the respondents, we would like to express our warmest gratitude for

participating and answering the given questions freely.

To our ever loving parents for supporting and providing us necessary

needs, especially financial support and giving advices to motivate and inspire us

with our study.

To our Practical Research Teacher Mrs. Gladys F. Apilado. For your

patience and motivating us in finishing our study. Thank you also for

understanding and giving us more ideas. We are Lucky, Blessed and thankful

enough to have you as our Teacher. Your effort is very much appreciated.

To our supportive group members, thank you for being active throughout

the study. Thank you for unconditionally sharing your time in imparting your

knowledge in doing this study. You all have a big part behind the success of the

study.
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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................2
Abstract............................................................................................4
Chapter I.............................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................5
Background of the Study..................................................................5
Statement of the Problem.................................................................7
Significance of the study...................................................................7
Scope and Delimitation of the Study................................................8
Chapter II............................................................................................9
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES.......................9
Related Literature.............................................................................9
Related Studies..............................................................................10
Conceptual Framework..................................................................14
Research Hypothesis.....................................................................14
Definition of Terms..........................................................................14
Chapter III.........................................................................................16
METHODOLOGY..............................................................................16
Research Design............................................................................16
The Sample....................................................................................17
The Instrument...............................................................................17
Data Collection Procedure..............................................................17
Data Analysis Procedure................................................................18
Chapter IV.........................................................................................18
PRESENTATION AND ANALYZING OF DATA.................................18
Tabulation.......................................................................................18
Graph.............................................................................................20
Interpretation..................................................................................21
Chapter V..........................................................................................22
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................22
Conclusions....................................................................................22
Recommendation...........................................................................22
References.....................................................................................23
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Abstract

In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program to the academic performance of the Grade 12 students that are

4P’s recipients of Carigara National High School. Whether it’s a positive or

negative one. The 4P’s program is a government program that help and provide

the poor families with conditional cash grants. Thus, giving them the opportunity

to send their children to a proper school and get a well-rounded education. One

of the targets of the CCT program is to decrease the drop-out rate among the

poorest high school it only means that teachers must be aware on the program.

The first thing we have to understand is the monetary subsidence of the program;

4Ps recipient is receiving the amount of 300 pesos for educational assistance per

qualified household and additional 500 pesos for health and nutrition per

household monthly. The beneficiaries are selected through Proxy Means Test

that considers the ownership of assets, type of housing, education of the

household head, livelihood of the family and access to water and sanitation

facilities. Academic performance refers to the knowledge attained and

designated by marks, assigned by teachers. Academic performance of students

is the center around which the whole education system revolves. The success

and failure of any educational institution is measured in terms of academic

performance of students. The study revealed that the respondents benefitted and

resulted to positive remarks gained on their academic performances. Through

this program, the students became motivated and driven to give their full efforts

to studying.
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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is one of the Philippine

government’s most expensive social protection programs that provide conditional

cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition, and the

education of children aged 0-18. It is patterned after the conditional cash transfer

(CCT) schemes in Latin American and African countries, which have lifted

millions of people around the world from poverty. This program aims to educate

many Filipino children starting from pre-school education to secondary education

by giving them daily allowances as they go to their daily classes. Their parents

benefit from the program since their children learn a lot in school and are given

dietary allowances for food of their children as their children go to school. The

program has focused on these objectives:

1. Social assistance: To provide cash assistance to the poor to alleviate their

immediate needs (short-term poverty alleviation); and

2. Social development: To invest capability building they will be able to break

the intergenerational poverty cycle.

A development program designed to promote investment in human capital

and to fulfill the Millennium Development Goals; namely, to reduce extreme

poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to reduce child

mortality, to improve maternal health and to promote gender equality and

empowering women (DSWD 2011). The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

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(4Ps) operates in all the 17 regions in the Philippines, covering 79 provinces, 143

cities, and 1,484 municipalities. Beneficiaries are selected through the National

Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR), which identifies

who and where the poor are in the country. The beneficiaries are selected

through Proxy Means Test that considers the ownership of assets, type of

housing, education of the household head, livelihood of the family and access to

water and sanitation facilities. According to the Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD), the 4Ps provides conditional cash grants to beneficiaries

consisting of PhP6,000 a year (or PhP500 per month) per household for health

and nutrition expenses; and PhP3,000 for one school year or to be exact, 10

months (or PhP300/month) per child for educational expenses. A maximum of

three children per household is allowed. Household that comply with all the

health condition will receive P500 per month, household that comply with the

education conditions will receive P300 per child per month. Up to three qualified

children can benefit from the education grant. Education grants will only be given

during months with classes. The cash grants, which are given every two months’

will be received directly by household beneficiaries through their land Bank cash

cards or through over-the-counter payments at land bank branches. The land

Bank also utilizes other modes to distribute the cash in hard to- reach areas such

as off-site payment, and G- cash remit. No conditional cash grants are given

only to households which comply with the program conditions. According to

Agbon 2013, Beneficiary sign an Oath of Commitment, there by establishing a

"social contract", where they agree to take number of concrete steps to improve
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their lives and those of their children. Beneficiaries who fail to comply with certain

conditions will not receive the Benefit corresponding to the conditions and are

given reminders. Failure to comply for a third time will lead to suspension of cash

grants, in which beneficiaries are given 12 months to appeal and comply. Failure

to comply for fourth time will render the beneficiary ineligible and will be given

notice that they will be delisted. A household with three qualified children receives

a subsidy of PhP1, 400/month during the school year or PhP15, 000 annually as

long as they comply with the conditionality’s. There is a need to assess the

program using qualitative means and thus create spaces for further analysis,

discussion and improvement in the area of policy-making.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine if 4P's Program affects the academic

performance of the grade 12 students in Carigara National High School.

Specifically, this study answers the following questions:

1. What is the academic performance of that 4P's Beneficiaries?

2. Is there a significant effect on the academic performance of the 4P's

beneficiaries?

Significance of the study

This study is important for the government and the barangay officials. It is

beneficial for it will allow them to fully grasp if the 4p's program is indeed helpful
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and successful in helping the beneficiaries in their education.

It is also important for the students for they will know if there's a

psychological advantage on being a member of the 4p's program that could help

on their educational journey.

To the parents. This study will help them to strive harder, make them

stronger in what problems might came that this will help them to achieve their

responsibility through the help of government, and make it an inspiration. It will

also realize the significance of the program and improve the economic status by

abiding the provisions religiously.

Hopefully, this research will help the beneficiaries of 4p's to learn abour its

advantage and to have them use this status as a strength and not something to

be ashamed for.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focuses on the effects of 4P's Program to the academic

performance of the Grade 12 students in Carigara National High School.

The variable of this study is delimited to the Grade 12 students who are

beneficiaries of the 4P's Program and we based on their academic performance

in the Third Quarter.

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

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This chapter will focus from the previous or past research to look for

existing knowledge related to this topic that entails looking into ideas that are

similar and different from the present study.

Related Literature

The 4Ps program started last 2008 under the previous administration and

continued in massive scale in Aquino Administration; This CCT entails several

provision which still unfamiliar to both school administrators and teachers alike.

Presently the government spending staggering amount of money per year,44

billion by 2013 and 62 billion in 2014 to sustain the program; which eventually

added to fiscal national debt. In order to implement the program Philippine

Government has granted the amount of $800 million from World Bank and Asian

Development Bank; therefore, we can conclude that the funding of the program

came from loan and eventually paid by tax payers.

One of the targets of the CCT program is to decrease the drop-out rate

among the poorest high school it only means that teachers must be aware on the

program. The first thing we have to understand is the monetary subsidence of the

program; 4Ps recipient is receiving the amount of 300 pesos for educational

assistance per qualified household and additional 500 pesos for health and

nutrition per household monthly. According to Bern, subsequently, 4Ps recipient

is required to participate in community-school related program such as clean

drive, brigada eskwela and family day session. Furthermore, students or pupils

under 4Ps program must attend and complete the 85% of monthly attendance.

Conversely, they should have an average grade of 75.4ps recipient must

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coordinate and cooperate to any school related activities since there is

educational assistance given to them. In addition, 4ps recipient who is no longer

in school should be removed from the program.

Lastly, students or pupils who are 4ps recipient with more than a week

absent without prior notice must not receive their monthly educational assistance.

Hence only DSWD can add or remove any person under the 4ps program. CCT

Program is strategically designed to invest in human capital by providing quality

and accessible education for everyone, therefore it is mandate that we need a

clear understanding on the provision entails in the program.4ps is a poverty

reduction strategy that provides grants to extremely poor households to improve

their health, nutrition and education particularly of children aged 0-14.

Related Studies

Based on the findings of the study of academic performance among

selected pupils at Inopacan District, Leyte SY 2013-2014, the drop-out rate

among the poorest elementary and high school were decreased. The parents

and pupils who are 4Ps recipients attended regular participation in all school

activities. On the part of Department of Education, there is an increase of

enrollment every school year. The inconsistent results for older children between

13-17 years old (age as of 2011) the majority of whom are outside the age cut-off

for CCT education grant eligibility as suggested by insignificant coefficients

across specifications, could be explained by a number of factors. First, sending

older children to school is associated with higher direct and indirect (opportunity)
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costs.

Direct costs may be incurred in the form of school fees, supplies,

transportation costs, and so on. For example, since there are less high schools

than primary schools, high school children are generally more likely to travel

farther away from the homestead to school, requiring households to spend more

money on transportation. As children grow older, the opportunity cost also

increases as they could earn money from working instead of studying in school.

To address this issue, many CCT programs (e.g., in Bangladesh, Brazil, Mexico,

30 Honduras, and Turkey) provide larger cash transfers to older children to

compensate for the higher implicit/explicit cost associated with schooling.

Another plausible explanation for the programs lack of impact for the older cohort

could be the fact that the age bracket for older children was set at 10-14 years

old as of 2008 when the CCT program started. Three years later, these children

were 13-17 years old during the time of the follow-up survey. Since Pantawid

Pamilya provides education grants up to 14 years of age (plus 15 years until

completion of the school year), 15-17-year-old children are no longer eligible for

the grants.

Furthermore, the estimated CCT impact varied depending on the number

of school children in the household, with positive impacts among young children

in small households. Orbeta (2011) As discussed earlier, basic DD suggested a 7

percent increase in school enrollment among the sample of younger children

from beneficiary households with three or fewer school-aged children. When

controlling for child’s sex and age, urban/rural characteristics, and region, the
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estimated impact slightly decreased to 5 percent. In contrast, no program impact

was evident among children from households with more than three school-aged

children in the household. As described above, this could be explained by the

fact that larger households are usually poorer to start with, therefore the financial

burden is more binding compared to smaller households. In addition, the

education grant per child decreases after the third child since the program

currently sets the maximum number of children who are eligible for education

grants at three per household, while households bear non-tuition related

expenses such as transportation costs and school supplies for every child.

The comprehensive quantitative impact evaluation currently underway will

provide more robust evidence on the impact of the CCT program, based on data

collected from a much larger sample size and information collected on a vast

range of issues. This study was conducted to serve as a rapid assessment of the

Pantawid Pamilya focused on school enrollment, while waiting for the

comprehensive impact evaluation. For the comprehensive impact evaluation,

data has been collected through 8,000 household interviews as well as

interviews with teachers, midwives, barangay captains, and mayors to capture

different institutional characteristics. The comprehensive impact evaluation will

evaluate not only school enrollment and health center attendance but also an

extensive range of outcomes including household consumption, child labor,

educational attainment, and child nutrition status, applying rigorous analytical

methods of Randomized Control Trials (RCT) and Regression Discontinuity

Design (RDD). Chaudhury and Okamura (2012).

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The study looks into some significant information about the 4Ps

beneficiaries of Balamban Elementary School where their children are enrolled.

For the school year 2014-2015, it had a pupil population of 257, where 120 are

male and 137 are female. It has eleven teachers and is headed by an

Elementary School Principal I. The before 4ps data are taken from school years

2007-2008 to 2010-2011. The after 4ps data are taken from school year 2011-

2012 to school year 2014-2015. Ten (10) teachers were involved in the profiling

of the school with 4Ps enrollees. Retention Rate refers to the magnitude of pupils

who repeat a grade level. This determines the degree of pupils in a particular

school year who continued to be in the same grade level in the next school year.

The school retention rate decreased from 4.10% of the enrolment to 0 after the

implementation of the program in 2015. This shows that the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program (4Ps) is instrumental in sending all pupils to the next higher

level of education. According to the teachers, this can be attributed to the

attendance threshold of the program. This explains that if a pupil is 85% absent

or more of the monthly school days, they will not be given the allotted educational

grant for that month. It strengthens the supposition that a better attendance leads

to better academic time and better learning. The Simple Dropout Rate calculates

the percentage of pupils who do not finish a particular grade level. This does not

include those pupils who finish a grade level but do not enroll in the next grade

level the following year.

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Conceptual Framework

Independent Dependent
Variable Variable
Academic
Figure 1. This
performance ofdiagram
Grade shows the conceptual framework of the study.
12 Students in 4P's Program
Carigara National
The
High diagram
School whoabove
are present the flow of our research as we highlight the
beneficiaries of the
effects of 4P's
4P's Program
Program to the academic performance of grade 12 students. This

is associated by the formulated ideas and questions considered as the variables

in research study. The independent variable is the academic performance of

Grade 12 students in Carigara National High School who are beneficiaries of the

4P's Program. The Dependent variable is the 4P's Program.

Research Hypothesis

This study hypothesizes that the 4P's Program is greatly affecting

thestudent's academic performance in a positive way. Helping them in various

aspects as well as to transcend the different adversities along their academic life.
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Definition of Terms

1. 4ps- It is the PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM.,

implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development. It is

a poverty reduction and social protection and development strategy of the

national government that provides Conditional Cash Grants to poor

households in order to improve their health, nutrition and education of

children aged 0-18 y/o.

2. Conditional Cash Transfer-Conditional cash transfer programs are an

innovative approach to the delivery of social services. They provide money

to poor families, conditional on investments in human capital, such as

sending children to school or bringing them to health centers on a regular

basis. Additionally, along with school voucher programs and certain

subsidized health insurance schemes, conditional cash transfer programs

are part of a growing policy emphasis on the use of market-oriented

demand-side interventions to directly support the poor.

3. Beneficiaries-As used in the study, recipients of funds or other benefits. A

beneficiary is any person who gains an advantage and/or profits from

something.

4. Poverty Targeting-This refers to the decision making process of the

government and agency on selecting or choosing the deserving family

recipient for the program.

5. Educational Development-This refers to the objective of the government

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program on Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program of helping the poor to

provide and access to improve the intellectual capability and knowledge

so as to have participation in the nation building.

6. Department of Social Welfare and Development-This refers to the

agency of the government which takes the lead in implementing the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. DSWD works in partnership with

key agencies such as DOH, DepEd,

7. Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and Land

Bank of the Philippines (LBP) which help ensure the availability of

health and education services as well as provide necessary support

services in the targeted areas. DSWD created the Pantawid Pamilya

National Project Management Office (NPMO), which handles the day-to-

day operations of the program with assistance from Regional Project

Management Offices (RPMO) and City/Municipal Links. DSWD also has

support from local service providers such as the school principals and

midwives who have been designated to oversee and ensure proper

verification of compliance to conditional.

8. Health Benefits-This refers to the objective of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program of helping the beneficiaries to access and provide the

health welfare through regular check-up and give knowledge on healthy

life style.

9. Poverty-is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount

of material possessions or money. It is a multifaceted concept, which

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includes social, economic, and political elements

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

As the researcher conducted this research, the type of research design that
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we have used was the Descriptive Research Design because it was used for

research studies that aims to gather information of data about the 4P's Program

and its effect to the academic performance of the grade 12 students in Carigara

National High School only.

The Sample

The respondents of our study are the Grade 12 students in Carigara

National High School who are beneficiaries of 4P's Program. Among all the 120

4P's Recepient in grade 12 students we only get 29 respondents in each strand.

We have used the simple random sampling for the selection of the respondent

for our research study, wherein the idea that the chance of selection is the same

for every member of the population. We will only base on their third quarter

grade. The study will be accomplished for SY: 2018-2019, Second semester.

The Instrument

The instrument that we have used is the self-made survey

questionnaire. Wherein we would like to know if the 4P's Program affects the

academic performance of the Grade 12 students in Carigara National High

School. The type of questions that we are going to use is the closed questions.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers would seek written permission from the Senior High

School Coordinator of Carigara National High School for the conduct of the study

an inform consent will also be provided to the respondents. The respondents

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would be oriented on the research objectives as well as the outcomes. We are

going to gather information by Questionnaire. The researcher will administer the

following self-made questions.

Data Analysis Procedure

The response on the 4P's program and its effects to the academic

performance of Grade 12 students will be presented in a graphical form. We will

based their performance in third quarter grade. On the other hand, we have used

descriptive data analysis as a data analysis strategy where in it used to describe,

show, summarize data leading to simple interpretation of data if really 4p's

program affects the academic performance of the grade 12 students.

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Chapter IV

PRESENTATION AND ANALYZING OF DATA

Tabulation

Questions YES NO INTERPRETATION

1. Does being a 4P's beneficiaries make 97% 3% YES

you driven or motivated?

2. Does these programs well enough for 97% 3% YES

the beneficiaries?

3. Does having such status makes you 28% 72% NO

feel dispirited?

4. Are you getting any social treatments as 28% 72% NO

a 4P's beneficiary?

5. Does being one, raises your morale or 28% 72% NO

lowers it as you're being labeled as a poor

person?

6. Does getting, some financial supports 72% 28% YES

as a 4P's beneficiary makes it easier to

study?

7. If you were to choose, would you rather 97% 3% YES

be still a 4P's beneficiary?

TOTAL PERCENTAGE 64% 36% YES

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figure 2: tabulation of the data that we gathered

Graph

4P`s Program: It`s eff ect to Academic Per-

formance of Grade 12 students in Carigara
Nati onal High School
120%

100% 97% 97% 97%

80% 72% 72% 72% 72%

60%

40%
28% 28% 28% 28%
20%
3% 3% 3%
0%
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

YES NO

Figure 3: Graph of the data that we gathered.

TOTAL PERCENTAGE: 64% answered YES while 36% answered NO.

General Average of 4P's Recepients

30

25 24

20

15

10

5
5

0 0 0
0
Below 75 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-100

Figure 4: Graph of their GWA. Grades

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GRADING SCALE DESCRIPTION

Outstanding 90-100

Very Satisfactory 85-89

Satisfactory 80-84

Fairly Satisfactory 75-79

Did not Meet Expectation Below 75

Interpretation

The graph above shows the answer of the 4P's recipient who answered

YES or NO about the effects of 4P's Program in academic performance of the

Grade 12 students. To sum it up, 64% answered YES while 36% answered NO.

So based on their general average 24 out of 29 got an average of 90-100 which

is OUTSTANDING while 5 out of 29 got 85-89 average which is VERY

SATISFACTORY. This means that they have passed and that 4P’s Program

could really affect the academic performance of the 4P’s beneficiaries in positive

way. This program plays an important role in achieving good academic

performance and it makes the 4P's recipient driven or motivated to study.

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Chapter V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions

The purpose of this chapter is to present the conclusions, summary and

recommendations of this study. This study aims to determine the effects of 4P's

Program in Academic Performance of the Grade 12 student’s recipients in

Carigara National High School. The response on these was presented in a

graphical form. Based on the data we gathered, we found out that the 4P's

Program affects the academic performance of the Grade 12 student recipient in

Carigara National High School in positive way. It helps in motivating the students

to study, and help sustain the financial needs. From the result, all of our

respondents have a good grades and all of them passed.

Recommendation

Based on the findings and conclusion of this study, it is recommended

that the government may continue to support Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program 4P's in order to further help children to have quality education. The

Department of Social Welfare or the DSWD shall imposed strict monitoring on

the academic performance of the 4P's student recipients, so that not only the

students will be motivated to learn but also the parents can monitor the academic

performance of their children. We hope that this study would be used as a basis

for further studies with larger population so that the 4P's students recipients will

be represented and monitored.

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References

Agbon, A. B. (2013). Pantawid Pamliyang Pilipino Program(4Ps):

Examining Gaps and Enhancing Strategies in Cebu City,

Philippines.

Orbeta,B (2011). Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program (4Ps).

Assistance to Pupil's Education.

Okamura, C. a. (2012). Randomized Control Trials (RCT) and

Regression DIscontinuity Design RDD).

Bern, N. (2016). Philippine Education For All. (2015). Retrieved from

Imeplementation and Challenges.

http://www.4dswd.gov.ph/index.php?option

http://web.worldbank.org

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conditionalcashtransfer-CCT Definitions

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/0014240e.pdf

http://www.iadb.org