t hi s

K e naéU
'
”

l
( ) pU a n i s h a d s ;qEH
) ea a
er
n s h t e r al l y ’
m

‘
s itti n g n e ar G o d
’
The word i s a p
. pli e d t o
K aal fr m :
i
“ ”
b o ok s te a chi n g n owledg e of God ,
-

or S pirit u al K n owledge S q fam

“ ”
,
-
‘

(2 ) K en a U p an i s h a d C o m e s s e co n d a m o n g
the t e n Up an i s h ad s (v i z I s h a K en a K a th a
, .
, , ,

P ras h n a , M u n dak a ,
M an du k y a ,
A i t ar e y a
Tai t t i ri y a , C h h an do g y a , an d V r i h a dar an
y ak a ) ,

which ar e reg arded as the m o s t an cie n t an d

a u thorit a ti v e It for m s p art of the Ta l a va k am
’

Br a h m a n o f the Sam a Ved a an d i t s proper ,

n am e i s f Tal av ak ar a Up an i s h ad It i s c alled
‘ "
-
, .

“
Ke n a Up an i s h ad fro m i t s fi r s t word K en a
”
,

as the fir s t o r V a as an e i Up a n i s h ad i s c alled

j y
I s h a Up an i s h ad bec au s e it begi n s with the
1

“
word I s h a ”

3
( ) The Up an i s h a d h a s for i t s b a s i s a S u kt a

i n the A t h ar v a V ed a (x 2 ) which i s al s o c al l e d
Kan d from the fir s t word of the S u k t a .
 F l R S T S E C TI O N w . :
M

this s ectio n it h as bee n ta u ght th a t

In
G o d bei n g n o t the object o f the s en s es c ann ot
‘ ’

b e percei v e d b y the m n or be apprehe n ded by

th e m in d On the other h an d it i s by H is
.

P o wer th a t they al l perfor m th eir res pe cti v e

‘

fu n ctions The s ectio n begi n s with a q u es ti o n

.

as to who c o n trols the fu n ctio ns of t h e m i n d

an d the s e n s es .

M ANTR A l .

fi ffi w fi fifi fiw fi m
fl 5mm

m z l fi fifi fl m fl m fi fia fi z fii a g i n}
i nfl a m e"
by who m %a by who m
9 : wi s hed fism i wi he d
"

3 m { s

un fa i fal l a goes
r- en s: s p eech
'

toward s i t s o bj e ct {v i thi s

a ppoi n ted

m in d 33 : eye
% a by who m

m m : bre a th l ife, $2 wh at
sl am : fir s t 3 verily
Eifii go e s forth : : hi i g on e
are s n n

q ua: appoi n t ed , g a ia T dire

-
c ts
 ( 2 )

By wh o m ord ai n e d d o es the m i n d g oes

to w ards i t s wi s hed for o b j ect by w h o m ,

o rd ain ed doe s the firs t bre ath or P r a n a go

forth ; by who m ordai n ed they u tter this wis hed

for speech ; which deva d oe s verily direct the eye ,

a n d the e ar

W W
M A N TR A 2 .

W W WWW
i ? w it
ar vr
- fi e i rd e st

WW :a m ‘

H i
am

II? "

gi
m z of the e ar m m 1= life
r T
-
e ar the e ye
= of the in d

WW
H aa z m
fi zz th e eye
Im :
= th e m 1ud
L
-

b em g free
K w h ich
:

m az o f the s peech
z
bfi t l i z th e wis e
5 v"
erily fi at : dep arti n g
fii
l a:
l Spe e ch 3 1m : from this
m
a : he worl d
a} i n :

3 1 31 3 1 —1 m m o r t a]
of the bre th
.

m m a

or life N adi a: bec o m e

He i Bra h m a or A t m a is c ar of t h e e ar ,

m i n d of the m i n d s peech of the s peech

, verily ,

He 1s l ife of l if e an d eye of the eye The wis e .

 k
3

(
on k n owi n g H i m ) a r e freed a n d o n

fro m thi s world b eco nie i m m ortal i

'

m u k ti .

M A N TR A 3

a fi fle fifi a w e afi fi fi
fi a fiw
fi fifi
i snv

{fa age .

( 3 1
51
m a n?

and nan
a : n ot s: verily
as; t h e re l
3 1 21 : an d, a s o

i ii : the ey e qq
safe f ai fro m th e un

ne afa = goe s k n own

a = or n o t
n , f
a a —a b o ve
r

3
31 1 : s peech sf a= t h i s

a : goe = w h ve he d
-

are
a s
gn e a ar

Fit : n o r
fi qi f ro m the z an ci e n t s

H a : m i n d qm s o th at
=

a = n ot q a§ = t h is

fig z w e kn ow z gn h
g a
i m a
y e xp l
m ai-
n

a = n or o r t e ac h

fifi fl fl l fl : we com p re h en d at
’

sw ag : d iffere t
n a z == to u s
in deed aq t h i s ; h i m n

aq th at
z

fe a f o m t h e k n ow n
r g
in r
 4

W
The e y e d oe sn o t re ach there , n o r d o es t h e
s peech re a ch n o r the m i n d
,
e do n o t k n ow ,
.

n o r c o m prehe n d H i m s o as t o be a ble to te a ch
,

or ex pl ai n H i m H e i s differe n t fro m
. th e

kn o wn a n d a ls o a bove the u n k n own Th u s .

h av e we he ard fro m the a n cie n t s i ef R i s h i s .

who h ave t au ght H i m t o u s .

MA N T R A 4 .

a
n w as?!
i
« s as a fife
fi s w h a t who , ag z t h at , h i m

ar n
i = by s peech q
a z al o n e

n ot 5731 : G Od
expre s s ed fai r -
tho u
a fafié k n o w

W
fl = b y whom z

al i a
-

s peec h fl = n 0t
s
4 8 expre ss ed
7
fi thi
z s z
-

or u t t ered aq
m d w o r s h i ps z

Wc ho ot be expre s s ed by s peech b u t
an n ,
'

b y who s e power s peech 1 8 u ttered H i m alo n e

'

k n ow tho u a s God n ot thi s w hich this s peech

,

wors hip s o r expr es s es

MA N T R A 5 .

o
R = wh o {a al on e
th w= by m in d

W
( i i:
a: n ot th o u
3
11 3 : thi n k s : kn ow

51
1 : by wh o m a = n ot

a rr fl - ay

waz = th e m in d a
q = wh om

xii i thin k s fi thi s =

erg : th a t h i m em a fi = w o rs h i s
p

W doe
,

W
ho s n ot thin k b y the m in d b u t b y ,

ho e p wer the
s o m i n d thi n k s H i m al o n e kn o w
,

tho u as God n o t , thi s w hich thi s m i n d wors hi ps

or thin k s abo u t

W
M A N TR A 6

W
.

3 m a in w ih
t
3131 a
‘
fifi ,
i f? M"
wh at who
= , m = Go d
a m = by e y e
§ i i i
:tho u
=l= n ot fil fi
g k n ozw

u nfil = s ee s

3fl = by whom
fi ffi z z e y es a q = w h i ch

m fia= se e
 Wd e ho o s ey es ; b y wh ose
. n ot se e with
“
‘
"

po w er the e y es se e Th a t a l o n e k
z n o wn t
, h ou as
!

G o d n o t thi s which t h e eye w o rs hip s (or:see s ) ‘

,

MA N T R A 7 .

di s agr e ed.
fi z z
-
Wh t a , wh o q
q = al o n e

flai r -
G od
a==n o
t ii i t h ou
=

w fif —he ar s r
fift z k n ow
aw b y wh om
l
-

a r r- n ot
'

= e ar
z et th i s
-
a

fi = t hi 8
K = W
hi 0h

ai is he ard he ars gi = t h is

Wfi
l
g
-
n
,

ag = t h at fl = w or s h i s
p

W h o doe s n ot b e ar w ith e ar , by w h os e

po w e r th at e ar hears thi s H i m alon e k n ow th ou

,

as G o d, n ot this which thi s e ar wo rs hips

( or he ar s )
M A N TR A 8 .

as? as a li ft . i t M a
ir n
 whos e power
m : = b re ath aq which
Em il y ? i s led i s directed
, sq: this

W do
a§ = th at h i m
,

ho bre athe with bre ath by whos e

es n o t ,

p ower bre ath i s directed ; H i m alo n e k n o wtho u

‘

as G o d ,
not thi s which thi s P ra na wo rs hi ps
‘

( o r bre a thes ) .
 S E C TI O N F
ail s ace
. .

avi n g e m ph as i sed i n the firs t Se ct i on

‘

H
‘ ‘

th at G o d is n o t an object of the s en s e s or t h e
m in d ,
this s ectio n fu rther s tre s s e s the
"

m y s terio u s n a t u re of Brah m a which c an n ot

be fu l ly co m prehe n ded by m an So m e s chol ars .

s eek to re a d m it wh at i s c alled a q u o s t i ci s m .

This wo u ld be a s erio u s m i s t ake The firs t 3 .

M an tras s pe ak of the e n igm a tic a l ch ar a cter of

Bra h ma or the i n co m plete k n owle dg e of m an
,

ab ou t H i m The 4t h M an tr a however s a ys
.
, ,

c le arly how the k n owledge derived fro m H fié i fl

‘

or co n s t an t m edit atio n le ad s to i m m ortality .

The 5t h or the l as t M an t r a goe s s o far as to

.

a ss ert th a t if a m an fail s to a cq u ire k n owle dge

'

“
of Bra h m a i n thi s life the n it i s verily a gre at
c al am ity u se? faafi se : Thi s i s cert ai nly n o t
”

wh at i s u n ders t ood by m odern ag n o s tic is m

acco rdi n g to which God
'
(if he exi s,t s ) i s q u ite
u n kn ow a ble ; a n d it i s a v ai n p u rs u it to s e e k ‘

H i s k n owl e dge

W
.

h t a is i n te n ded to be e m ph as is ed in the
 9

be co m plete or perfect (except o f c o u rs e i n

,
t

the s tate of m u k t i or the highe s t yog a) This .

s h o uld be s e lf e
’
v ide n t F o r m an s s o u l a n d
.

in te llect are fi n ite an d l i m ite d w hi l e God is

, .

in fin ite an d ab s o l u te Fr o m the v ery n at ure

.

of th i n gs o u r k n owledge o f H i m m ust h e
im perfect an d be who prete n ds t o k n o w H i m
,
“
fu lly he verily k n ow s H im n o t as t h e 2n d
”
.
, ,

a n d 3rd M an tr as s a
“

y .

MANTR A 1 .

W Of H is

W
5? Tho u thi n kes t
1 1 7 41 Eé i
'

th o u
g a s I k n ow wel l e;
ar h at

W
i f? Th u s am : Of h i s
Little a
i g A m o n g de v as

Q5 In dee d 3 m Therefo re

W
1 151 Bu t 3 N ow

{ l Ce rta i n ly dim or t h t h i n k in g
”

a Tho u bo u t
a

a? “Kn owes t we In deed

 1 )
( 1
5
m :
b f G od
s q
q
71
?
If tho u th in ke s t “
I kn ow G o dw ell , the n
tho u c e rt ain l y but little o f Go d ’

o f God dwhat
, an

iskn own o bo u t H i m am o n g Le arn ed

people I thi n k th at it i s in deed worth
thi n ki n g abo u t .

M A N TR A 2 .

l ot :
f
a Am g
31 on us ( y )
S a S

“3 fil m

:
Thin k belie v e ,
is K ?“ (W1 1
9 )
a 1 k ow well g
w
h s n

2K d
l l

I r
a Th u s
n s
7a No t n o r ,
5} No t

3
k ow
51
3 “ b

3
0

2
n
a 33 D oe s n ot k n ow
11
{fi r Th u s
is I k n ow
i t; kn ows
W Heho ( )
.
3 An d
I do n otbel ieve th at I k n o w H i m wel l , n or

tha t I do n o t k n ow H i m I k n ow H i m H
’ ’
‘

. . e
 “
MA NTR A 3 .

m m w a s ne wa a
fa r

W e 18 n ot

un de rs too d
G
fir
m
:
He
Un realis ed
u n k n own
,

UPI By h i m
'

f? 3 1 3 m Of t h 0 8 6 wh o

W W
Nd H e i s u n de rs t im d
'

kn ow
He is un ders tood
m y BY Who m
Kn ow n
wissnm Of thos e wh o
a No t
do n o t k n ow
33 Kn ows
He i s u n d e rs tood by tho s e who thi n k they
do n o t u n d e rs t an d H i m ; he doe s n o t k n ow who
s ay s he u n der s t an ds H i m He i s u n k n own t o
.

thos e who profe ss t o k n ow H i m an d i s k n own ,

W
to th os e who do n o t profe ss to k n ow H i m .

W
M AN T R A 4 .

it

fii a Co n s tan t
nfi I m am By sel f or s elf
m edita tio n exerti o n
w KDO W
B ,
{ 1
,
O b tain s
tre n gt h

M O b tai n s m Im m o rtality
 N i i ii ich ar
‘
m éht st b s ifig N ew?
'

'
I ts
effec t sare th u s des cri l ie d 1 h Yog a
o 1 1 ;
S u t r as z
‘

fife?a rt fi n td m m
On attai n i n g e ffic ie n c y i n N i m i ch ar o ne

o b t a i n s p u rifi ca tio n an d ch ee rfu l n e ss o f the

in n er s e l f .

a s an as as ”
Therei n he ge t s un erri n g i n t e ll e c t or
in tu i tive s ight .

ga
-

r51 am m am wisw fai m ’

fi
afi i

The k n o wledge g ai n ed fro m this i n t u i t i v e

s ight i s q u ite di ffere n t from th a t gai n ed b y
te s tim o n y or i n fere n ce .

as s :
dwarfi sm ne w afi
m : fil
r

The im pres s io n s gam ed by the u n err in g

.

in t u itiv e s ight will n e u tral is e or re m o v e al l

other i m pres s io ns o r San s k aras .

W
he e v e n the i m press io n s o f thi s in t u iti v e
n

si ght are re s tr ai n ed al l o t her i m m e s s i o n s h a vi n g

,
'

a ls o bee n re s t rai n e dt h e Y o i at t ai n s t o N i r bz a
g y
OP
 ( 14 )

The re ader will n ow h ave s o m e ide a as to

how si renha o r Kn owledge derived fro m yogic
-

m e dita tio n s le ad s to N z r s a Sam adhi a n d ,

t he nce to 1 m m o r t al i t y The s u bject i s h o w

.
,

s if er l arge an d too tech ni c al to be adeq u ate l y

l '

de s cribed i n a brief n ote like thi s .

MA N T R A 5 .

qgal Great
'

eg H e re , in thi s life
anfg :
F C al am ity
3 3 3 I n al l thi n g s
{ 3 1 3
Th e n
3 1 21 fafa m r H avi n g re ali sed
g eqTr u e good fli rt: The wis e
W
.
,

wits 1 8 S : D ep arti n g

W
a No t Em m
a F ro m thi s

as; If ifiwq orld

{3 Here w e
" : I m m ort a l
stasi s K n ow n afia Beco m e

If a m a n Kn ows H i m i n thi s life then well ,

‘

an d goo d; if he doe s n o t k n ow H i m here then ,

it i s a g r e at c al am ity The wi s e h av in g .

re ali s ed H i m (as perv a di n g ) al l th i n g s becom e

”

,
 Th i rd S e c t i o n sa il s sis
.
-

Thi s s ectio n te aches i n the fo rm o f a

b e au tifu l a llego ry th at al l phy s ic al force s an d
al s o a l l m e n t a l fa c u ltie s which a r e c a lled devas
, ,

derive their powers fro m B rah m a or G o d I t .

will i n ci de n t ally s how how u n re as on ab le i s t h e

opi n io n of s o m e E u ro pe an s chol ars th at t h e
Vedic religio n te a che s wors hip of a pl u ra lit y
“ ”
of J ew s or God s .

M AN TR A 1 .

a s se s se s , rea
a es t i m at e

n“
« ii iT in
-

as! G od
Verily
fi :Fat
o r the dev as

rf
a t1 7
- 7
3 Obtain ed v ict o ry am This
are H is
farm :Victory
g Verily
w as ? Our
m ay o f: Go d
as Ow n
Victory tri u m ph
,

s": i
This
i D ev as m

m i m e F el t pro u d qfé m Grea t n ess

T h ey sf?!
 16

" *
God v erily obt ai ne d victory for devas or

pro u d i n thi s victory of God They th ou gh t .

“
thi s victory i s o u r o w n th i s 1 s o u r o w n ,

gre a tn e s s ”
.

MA N T R A ,
2

an He fla x
H im
3 .
Ver i ly . a No t

W
wl l The ir (tho u ght or
i s u s tai n They k n ew
pride ) fit ; h at .

fi rst ? ) K n ew Thi s
are :To t h e m ne wA dor a ble on e

3 The n

Go d veri l y k n ew bo u t their pride

a and

appe ared to the m . They did n o t k n ow wh o

thi s ador able o n e ( Y ak s h a ) w as .

*
Th e w o rd deva i n V edi c l i t e r at u re do e s n o t n e ce ss ar
i
“
u sed w i de an d
”
m e an G od . It is in a v er
y s en se

l i t e ral l y m ean s
"
s hi n in
g
”
fro m th e ro ot di v t o s hin e . F or
a de t ai l e d di s se rt at m n on h
t is u b j e ct e e t h e w ri t er s
s s
’

“
F o u n t ai n h e ad o f R e l i g i o n C h apt e V Se ct i o n s 5 an d 6
r .
 h”
MAN T R A 3

with , as "i n
a Th e y fit W ho
wfia To Ag n i fire This
’

( )
‘
g ag
"

“
I q
ai
r S a id a fi A d
‘

o r a b l e one

m afia:l K n o wer of
.
{Fat He idsa

al l th at is born am Let it be so

W
wag {fir
H im
ai te F i n d ou t

They s aid to A gn i 0 al l k n ower ! fin d“

,

ou t who this adorable o n e i s Agn i an s w e re d

,
.
”

“ ”
let it be s o .

MA N T R A 4

m m in w i th “
a t He l l é:
I
‘ '

m A pp roac hed nfi q Am
{Fa Th u s

s
a

fl
: W
m
ho
Ar t
S po ke

tho u
W: m All kn o wer

( He a n s we re d )
 1s )

W
He appro a ched (Yaks h a) w h o s aid
“
A gn i replied
”
h o are th o u I am ,

I am J ata veda (A l l

MA N T R A 5 .

m i A1 1
33 1 I
5 c an b u rn

Wat p wer
h
“
o is in thee s o
s tyled (A g n i an s wered ) I c an b u r n al l t h a t
”
i s o n th is e arth .
{fi t Th u s

era Th a t
.
g ari Th u s
-

Ja A
m am A ppro ached m i m a ble

s agas with al l
M ight
err! Th a t
-

W bl
No t
m us as a e fi
{ t

( The y a k s h a)
p u t a s tr a w before J a m s

(A g n i ) a n d s a,
id : “
b u r n thi s A gn i a ppr oa
”
.
~

ched it with al l i t s m ight b u t w as n ot ,

a ble to b u r n it He a t o n ce de s is ted fro m

.

“
an d (s a id to dev as ) I was u n a ble to fin d o u t
.

who thi s adorable o n e 1 8 .

M A N TRA 7 .

as
m The n
W
“
fi W
h t a

and To v a y u

g nawThey id
sa u fiA do r a ble one

m g? 0 ,
va ya i f?! I s
 21
"

W
W
fl h at
i tal P o wer as h t a

{fi r Th u s {g Thi s

s rfi l C ert ai n ly f ’
at fiOn thi s e ar th
g u

W
fi
‘
gg Thi s { r Th u s

( The Y a k s h a s a id ) : “
h a t p o wer i s t h e re

i n thee s o s t y led ? ( V ”
a y u a n s wered )
“
I can

blow or c a rry a w ay al l th a t exi s ts o n this

e arth ”
.

MA N T R A 10

3 1m g To ca rry a w av

Q He
.

era:F r o m th a t

W
m s A ppro a ched
i
R al 3a
-
ith al l m ight
an Th a t
a No t
 ( The Y a ks h a ) pu t a s tr a w t o h i m (a n d s a id )
blo w thi s aw ay .
”
He a ppro a ched it with
a l l h i s s tre n gth b u t w as n o t
,
a ble to c arry i t
a w ay He de s i s ted fr o m
,
it (an d s aid to dem o) :
,

“
I am u n a ble t o fin d o u t who thi s ad o rab le o n e
”
B
MA N TR A 1 1 .

as The n as A do a b l e

{ 5
35 To I n dr a gfif I s

W
an el The
-
y s aid am Be it
g i so

O m ighty o n e
.
{fa Th u s

“ Thi s
“ He

W
FawnMi F in d o u t
-
1 A
3 1 1 273 3 ppr o a ch ed

fi ho aw n1 F r om h i m
-

« a Thi s fai l ed di s appe are d

“
The n they s aid to I n dra O M ighty o n e !
, .

f i n d thi s o u t who thi s a dor able o n e i s Be i t

” ‘
.

86 , (s a id I n dr a ) He a ppro a ched Y a k s h a w h o

dis appe ared from there .

M A NTR A l z f

swa s ns
n a w a a
s n
is ; H e

« fi sh I n th a t
as Very
wt 1 31 3 Space
i
-

W
s ans S ai d

f;
f h at W
qq
M A o m an
W
a Thi s

W
‘

m am a e n t n e ar vi i Ador a ble o ne

agfi m m ai ell adorn ed {fi t Is

3 1 1 i U m a ; s ple n did

th at very s p ace he cam e n ea r a fai r

I n .

wo m an U m a well a dored a n d decked i n gold

, .

“ ”
He as ked her who i s thi s adora ble o n e
,
.

No tes 3 m fi
— n i al U m a H ai m a v a ti here al l e go ri .

c all y s tan d s for g a rden s pirit u a l k n o wledge

‘ ’
.

There is a well k n ow n
xi m of V edan tw m a

viz 21 1 ! fi, n ? am nam e
9
; i e thi s h u m a n b o d y
which i s a p t ly des cribed as a m i cr ocos m or
“
little world i s an ex a ct protot y pe of t h e
m acro co s m or t h e b igger world Al l ph ys i cal .

r ces h a ve t h eir co u n terp a rt s a m o n g the m e n tal

f o

p ow er s B oth a r e c alled devas i n Vedic ph ras e o

.

l o gy .

Of the three devas m e n tio n ed a bove A gn i

( the fire he a t or light ) ,
t o the eye ;
corre s
 ( 1 24

in d M an tras 4 85 5 i n 4t h Sectio n of th is
!

m . ,

v ery U pan i s h a the m i n d H

d sa
y .
,
t h at ag g i s t h e ,

co u n t erp art i n the m e n ta l world of el ect r i ci ty

fER I FL i n the phy s ic al W

‘

orld I n dra i s the .

k in g of deva3 as el e c tricity i s the pri n ce

, ,

of al l phy s ic a l forces : a n d m i n d 1 s the c o n tro,

l l e r o r r u le r o f al l s e n s e s
.
-

I t is the or w eal fiqas i n terpret atio n

m en ta l

as di s t i n g u l s h e d fro m t h e ph y s w al or Su m at a; r

o ne w hich s how s m ore a ppropri ately the s i gn i

fica n c e of 3 m i n si st ? o n (the s pi r it u l kn owledge )
“

ap p eari n g to I n dra or t h e m i n d an d helpi n g

h i m i n h i s gre a t q u e s t after Bra h m a Of t h e .

three dev d s m e ii t i o n e d a bove A g n i an d Vay u

.
,

appro a che d Y ak s h a b u t i n v a i n This m e an s .

that t h e e y e a n d the e ar ar e qu ite i n c ap able of

e c n g G o d I n dw or m i n d w a s a l s o u n su c c e s
p r e 1 v 1 .

s fu l, b u t as t h e re a d e r will s e e fro m the n ext

‘

s ectio n U m a H a i m a v a ti e n a bled h i m to k n o w

S w am 1 S h an kar a c h ar y a i n h i s o om m en

a ppe ared in the for m of

 ( 25 )

the dau ghter of Hi m av a t or the P arv a ti

who i s the co n s o rt of S hiv a i n P u ran i c f

m yth o logy A we l l k n own writer P an dit

W
.

Sri dh ar a S h as tri ch ar acteri s i n g the s e con d

i n terpreta tio n as a P u r an i k m yth
”
m an h as expre s s ed the opi n io n th a t it i s am
i n terpol atio n i n S h an k ara s co m m en t ary P t’
. .

Sri pad D am odar S at v al e k e r i n h is co m m en tr y

o n thi s Up an i s h ad di s credit s P t S ridh ar S h as .

tri s s u gge s tio n an d h as gi v e n an i n teres tin g an d

’
,
"

ra tio n al expl an atio n of P ar vat i who i s des cri

“ ”
bed i n the P u ran a s as d au ghter of Hi m al aya
P ar v a t a n d co n s ort of the god
, S hi v a by , ,

ide n tifyi n g the s am e with Ku n dal i n i force so

well k n o wn i n l ater yogic litera t u re A n o te o n .

this s u bject i s g ive n i n the appe n dix fo ll o wed ,

’

by a n o te o n R aj a yoga .

Sri A u r o b i n do i n h is com m en tar y on thi s

Up ani s h ad which a ppeared i n the A rya s ay s
‘
i H e re the three go ds I n dr a Vay u ,
A gn i re p , , ,

res e n t the cos m ic D ivi n e o n e a ch of the three

pl a n es I n dra o n the m en tal Vay u o n the witc h
, ,

an d A gn i o n t h e m a t er i a l .

A bo u t U m a he s ays
“
UM is the S u p rem e N atu re fro m wh om
 ( 26 )
the wh o le c os m ic a cti o n tak es i t s birth ; sh e i s
the p u r e s u m m it an d highe s t p o wer o f the o n e
 This s ecti o n su m s up the fi n al teach ing
o f the U p an i s h a d t h e gis t b ei n g c o n t ai n ed b y
M an tra 8 .

I n Sh e wi l l “? Y o u h a ve
are!God Brah m , a g re a t n ess
{Fa Th u s Th u s {fa
3 Verily as : F ro m thi s the n ce
W
,

3 S aid 5 Verily
m :Of God 11 6; alo n e

? C ert ai n ly
a fi rq i m t He Kn ew
a a

m t h i s am God
fiaaI n Victo ry
' '

{ fi r Th u s

Sh e U m a ) s a id He i s verily God ;
,

verily i n the victory of God y o u h av e yo u r

gre at n ess The n ce I n dra k n e w th at it w as
G od .

M A N TR A 2

m at h
 P 294 ) ;

«
M A N TR A 3

i fiq N eare s t
’

in Al s o waft To u ch e d ,

fl :I n dr a

qfirat i Su peri or
{3 As it were
m Ot h ers

m D ev as

a He fifl a m'

Kn ew

1 {fi‘ So

Ther
efore I n dra al s o 13 su perio r
o ther de vas He
. appro c h e d hi m n e ares t ,

s1 l ua M l a s
y
.
 a n W
o derf l n u

m Thi s F
{a Thi s

figa:Light n i n g the In
8 1 1 3 5 F l as hed
31 1 phy s ic al wo rld

This is te a chin g i n t h e phy s ic al worl d

h is
whe n the light n in g fl as he s forth an d the eyes
a re clo s ed which exite wo n der
, .

NI A NT R A 5

N o w (H i s
te achin g ) i n the m e n t al
w hen thi s m i n d go e s forth as it we re it , te

c o llects an d co ns t an tly refl ects

~
,
.

N ote :
4 The fu n ction s of the m in d i n cog
m sm g p erceptio n s o f the s e n s es which as it
w ere go forth tow ard s their objects i n reflecti n
z
,
g
on t h em o r reco l l ec t i n g t h e m
, an d m other a cts
of m em ory and i n the a cts of volition a re
, ,
 ( 31 )

Sri A u ro b i n do th u s co m m e n ts o n m an tras
4 a n d 5 i n h i s o w n i n i m it a ble m an n er . H e
s a y s th a t the D ivi n e reflect s Hi m s elf O pe n ly in

the D ey as or gods H i s light t ake s pos s es s io n

.

of the m i n d a n d the s e n s e s S o m ethi n g o f H is

.

S u pre m e i m age fa lls u po n the world n at u re

a n d ch arge s it i n to D ivi n e Na t u re . He then
a dd s.
“
A l l this i s n o t do n e by a s u dde n m iracl e .

I t co m e s by fl as he s ,
revel a tio n s s udden
,
,

to u che s an d gli m p s e s ; there i s as if a lea p of

t h e lighti n g of revel a tio n fl a m i n g o u t fro m
th e s e he ave n s for a m o m e n t a n d the n retu rn in g
—
i n to i t s s ecret s ervice A s if t h e l ifti ng o f t h e
,

eyelid of a n i n n er vi s io n and i t s falli n g ag ai n ;

W
bec au s e the eye c a n no t loo k lo n g and s teadil y
on the u tt er l i ght The repetitio n of
. “
to u che s an d vi s iti n g s fro m the Beyo n d fix es .

the go ds i n their u pward gaze an d eX pe c

t a t i o n ; co n s t a n t r epetitio n fi x e s the m in a
.

co n s tan t p as s ivity ; n o t m ovi n g o u t a n y lon ger

to gras p at the form s of t h e Un i v ers e ; m in d li fe
an d s e n s es will m ore a n d m ore b e fi xed i n th e

m e m ory i n the u n der s t an di n g i n the j oy of t h e

,

to u ch an d vis io n of th at tran s cen den t gl ory

w h i ch the y h av e n o w re s t o red t o m ak e t h a n

s ol e o b j e c t
. To t h at on l y t h e y wi l l now
B rah m the l i fe will m Ov e to e m b race,e n j o y
' ’
’

an ;
'

no thi n g b u t the Bra h m an ; the e y e wi l l s e e t h e

'
,

i
e ar h e ar t h e o t h e r s e n s e s s e n s e n othi n g b u t
' "
v
,

t h e Bra h m an
”
.

M A N T RA 6
63 m m

H H appin es s
F?

a m Nam e

arcL Th a t
-

El si H appi n e s s

{ fir Th u s

M as a i s h o u ld be s al fir Be i n gs
l
wors hipped Fi at af ar L o v e de 81 r e
-

“
He 1 s verily k n o wn as V an am o r H appi n e ss
,
”

He who t h i s kn o w s h i m verily al l b ei n gs l o ve
h im .

Sri A u r o b i n do be au tifu lly co m m e n ts on thi s

“
Wi nd is t he Vedic w o rd for del i gh t or

m e an s therefore the
 ( 33 )

q
f whi c h t h e, Tai t t iri y a “Upan i s h adl s pe ak s a s
t h e h i ghe s t (Br a h m an f ro m , wh i c h al l exis ten ces

in cr ease an d in to which al l e xi s t e n ces a rri v e i n

,

their p as s i n g o u t of de a th an d birth It i s as ;

thi s tran s ce n de n t d e l i ght t h at the Br ah m an

m u s t be wors i
h pp ed a d s o u ght
n I t is th i s .

im m or tal of the U pan i s h ads fxfi

i ty .

He (the k n ower of B ra h m an ) beco m e s a cen tre

o f the divi n e deli ght s heddin g it o n al l t he
world an d a ttr a cting al l to it a s to a fo un tain
,

an d s e l f fu lfil m e n t i n t h e
“

o f j oy an d lo v e ,

u ni ver s e .

w as? D iv in e
knowledge
fit 0 Si r
,

Say te n ,

Th u s
35 1 H as been
i f Thee
 ( The pi l ys t the te a cher ) 0 si r tel l
”
’

pu sa o ,
-

( The te cher i e l i )
‘
’
p e
'
a s

told thee c ert ai n l y

,

kn owledge .

331 :Ved as (Big ,

Y aj u r Sam , a an d
.

A t h arv aVed as )
n a ssfi
i r A1 1 bodie s
qez i Tru th
w arm A bode
fo u n da ti o n

A u s terity ,
con trol of s e n s e s an d good a cti o n s
,

ar e the fo u n d atio n of Up an i s h ad or divi n e

k n owledge ; the Ved as ar e i t s b odie s an d tr u th
i s i t s abode.

MA N T R A 9
 ’

na Th u s
i x Kn ows
3m m H av i n g
des tro y ed

m E n d l es s
,
He wh o ac q uires thi s div i n e
he cert ai n l y h a vi n g de stro y ed sin res ide s
,

s tay s i n the gre a te s t e n dle s s bl i ssfu l stat e ,

i l

(i . e .
)
m ok s h a ,
 I ts
Y oga m ien fi tffg
I 43 ) “
.
W
e ff ects or be n efits are th u s de s cri bed i n
e :(Y o g a S u tr a
A us te rity le ad s t o s tre n gthe n i n g an d
proper develop m en t of the body an d the s e n ses
‘

b y des tr u ctio n of i m p u rities ”

.

Gi ta th u s de s cribe s 3 kin d s of A u s terit y v i z ,

,

(i ) A u s terity of body , ( )
ii A u s terity of s peech ,

( iii ) A u s terity of m i n d

W WW H

R e s pect hown to the le arn ed t o the twice

s ,

bor n to the te a chers an d t o the wis e p u rity

, , ,

s tr a ightforw a rd n e s s con ti n e n ce or ch as tit y

, ,

a n d n o n viole n ce ar e c alled the A u s ter i ty o f th e

-

body .

W 0 Q
as m
0

am a
g
'

Spe ech cau s m no an n oy a n ce tr u thfu l

, ,

ple as an t an d be n efici al , the pra cti ce of t h e

 M e n t al che erfu l n e s s e q u i h b ri u m , s ile n
, ce
‘
,

sel f con trol p u rity of n at u re thi s i s c al led the

'

A u s ter i ty of m i n d (Git a XVII 1 4

.
,

Like al l other a ct s an s t e ri t y i s o f th ree

-
, , ,

v ri etie s v i z
a , q.
rfia m p u re I ra q p a s s 1
,
o n at e an d
awe; of d ark n e ss T h e y ar e t h u s de s cribe d in
.
-
,

the Gita

w as am afifififiz l

The t h reefold au s te rity perfor m ed by m an ,

Wq
with the u tm o s t faith witho u t d e s ire for fr u it
, ,

h arm o n i sed i s s aid t o be pur e or S atvi k a

W
, .

N at ?! q
n
‘
fi 3m |
fiq
fiafiz fifi w
fi
n
The au s terity which i s perfor m ed with the
o bject of g ai n i n g r s pe ct ho n o u r a n d wors hip
e , ,

for o s te n t atio n i s s aid to be of p as si on or raj ae

an d i s u n s t a ble fleetin g :
q z adm wfi m fig m fis fiw l
 ( G it a XV I I ,
1 7 1 9)
-

a n C o n trol or s u bd u i n g of s e n s e s i s e ss e n tial
t o v irt u o u s life Gita h as l aid gre at e m ph asi s o n
'

it Sri K ri sh n a th u s de s cribe s the q u alific a tions

.
-

“
of a m a n of s t a ble an d h a r m o n i s ed m i n d
”
, or

fifl fl 51 5 who i n Gita i s the s a m e as a yogi

'

( Vide g i t a I I 5 3 )

Wfi fi
,

a s rfia f fi m fia fiw l

W
he he withdr aw s h i s s e n se s fro m the
n

o bjec t s of s e n s e s a s a tortoi s e dr a w s i n
,
on al l

s ide s i t s li m b s the n i s h i s
, u n der s tan di n g well

W
p ois ed .

. fi f
rm i ?“ I
w as! ail s-
um , at
w e ll
The objects of s e n s e s b u t n o t the reli s h for
,

the m t u rn aw ay fro m a pers o n a b s tain in g fro m

foo d b u t v e l i s h a ls o tu rn s a way fro m
,
h im
a ft e r the S u pre m e i s s ee n .
 w , e S on '

of .
K u n ti A rj u n .
) The excited
“
s e n ses of even a wi s e m an .
=
t h o u gh h e be
,

s tri v i n g ( for c o n trol ) , i m pet u o u s ly c arry

.
a w ay
h i s m in d .

H a vi n g co n trolled the m al l he s ho u ld s i t , ,
‘

h arm on l s e d co n s ideri n g m e as h i s go a l for

, ,

who s e s e n s e s are m as tered of h i m the u n der ,

st an di n g is well poi s ed .

were) g : m fi I a n
e ssfim m

w ais ts P
r m :s m fifi
a St
-

em s II
The m an who m u s e s o n the object s for
sen ses co n tr a ct s an a tt a ch m e n t the m fro m
'
*

, ,

a tt a c h m e n t a ri s e s de s ire fr o m de s i re an g er i s ,

t .

Fro m
en

ger proceed s de l u s 1 o n fro m del u s i o n

0

an ,

confu s ed m e m ory fro m con fu s ed m em ory t h e

,
‘

'

des t r u c t i o n of re as o n an d fro m
'

des tru ctio n of

’

,
som e objects with s e n s es free fro m a tt ac h m ent
an d rep u l s io n m as t ered by th e se l f a t t i :
'

a n s

pe a ce .

To which s oever o f the ro am i n g s e n s es the

m i n d yield s th a t t ake s aw a y h i s u n der s t an d i
, ng ,

j u s t as the g ale c a rrie s aw ay a s hip u po n the

w a ters
W
.

m fim fim fl

Therefore O m ighty arm ed (Arj u n ) ! whos e

,

s e n s e s are fu lly re s tr a i n ed fr o m the objects of

s e n s e s of h i m
,
the u n ders t an di n g i s well pois ed ..

(G it II 58 64, 67 68)

W
a

I or W
- -

ork s are d epre cated by t h e Ne o

who co
v e dan t i n s n s ider the m u s ele s s or e v e n
h ar m fu l ; for a ccordin g t o their view at? ! or
k n owledge i s al l th a t i s n ece s s ary for a tt a ini n g
fi
g s e m a n cip a tio n,
while work s le
-
a d t o fr u it s

a n d co n s eq u e n tl y t o

n o t the te ac h i ng
 ( 42 )
u p an is h ad s (as i t i s al so a p art of the Ved as
,
- -

b ei n g the 40t h ch apter o f the Yaj u r Ved a ) ;

t h u ss pe ak s e m ph ati cally o n the s u bject

o
fi
0

G afi m fia a m fsws fi u
0 j !

O n ly perform i n g r s s u a m an wo k ho ld
de s ire to live for 1 00 ye ars i n thi s world Th u s .

it i s (right ) for thee n o t otherwi s e th an this, ,

w ork will n o t bi n d th at m an I h 2 )
”

( s a .

Th at Kn owledge an d wo rk ar e equ all y

e ss e n ti al for att ain in g s alv atio n i s th u s i n cu l
c at e d i n the s am e U an i s h ad
, p .

'

s fiflfil fis m fl l
fi w m w wfi rfl m i m n

fifl i W WM W \
H € |

They who perform o n ly works e nter

glo I n to s till re a te r d ark
. s .

g
n e ss do go y w h o p u rs u e o n ly k n owle dge

i i On e thi n g t h ey
, sa y , ,
1 s ob tain e d :
b y k n ow (
 ( 43 )

he ard fro m the wi s e wh o h av e expl ai n e d i t

'

to us .

He who a cq u ires k n owl edge an d al s o at t h e

s a m e ti m e perform s work s h e o v erco m e s de a th ,

by works a n d atta in s i m m or t a lity by

,

k n owledge (I s h a 9
.

The Vedic t e achi n g i s t h at work s are to be

perf orm ed with o u t a de sire for fr u its ; th u s
I s h a U p an i s h ad say s : 33 621 53 3 3 3m ":E n jo y
“
3
l i fe by re n u n ci a ti o n Git a h as i n s everal pl a ce s
”
.

em ph as i s ed the poi n t th at where works are

th u s perform ed W
ith o u t a de s ire for fru it
, ,

they do n o t b i n d the s o u l ; e g s ee G i t a C h ap t er
'

. .

III a n d V 7 9 an d C h apter IV V 1 8 2 3
.
-
,
.
-

C h apte r V V 7 1 1 -
.

The s eco n d p art of Man tra 8 i s :

( )
2 a m z a alfl l fit
’

i e
. . The Ved as are the whole or m ai n body of
the Up an i s h a ds The Ved as w hich a re 4 i n
.

n u m ber viz ,
R i g Yaj ur Sa m a an d At h ar v a
, , ,

a re the repos itary of al l kn o wledge ; the

Up an is h ads s pri n g fro m the m The Vedic k n ow .

le d ge c o n s is ts o f three p a rts viz m a k n owledge .

pro per or cogn ition m works an d wfk devo tion, ,

.

The Up an i s h ads co n s tit u te the e ss e n s e of the

dev o tio n al p ort i on of t h e Ve d as j u s t as Gita ,
 ( 1 ) N o te on Um a H a i m ava t i an d Ku n da l i ni
~

F or ce .

Befo re des cri bi n g P t Sat v al e k ar s i n t e r pre

.
’

t at i o n of U m a H a i m avati o r P arv ati as the

Ku ndal i n i F orce it i s ne ss ary t ex p l ain briefl y
o
wh at Ku n da l i m m e an s
’

A ccordin g to l ater V dga the dev el o pm en t '

‘
'

o r m an ife s t a tio n of p s y chi c powe r s depen ds

o n the aw ak e ni n g of Ku n d a li ni whi ch o ther

wi se lies dorm an t at t he b as e of the s pin al

cord at a poi n t c alled M u l adh ar As i t s n a m e .

i m plies it i s serpen t l ike l ies coiled u p u n til

-
,
.

it i s aw ake n ed b y P ran ayam a an d o t her yogi c

'

W
exercis e s or by other m ean s o f s pirit u a l -

adv an cem e n t hen aw ak e n e d dt rise s th ro u gh

W
.

t h e n erv e c al le d S ue h u m n a m an} so el l . .

k n ow n i n y oga lite rat u re ) i n the s pi n al cor d ;

as ce n di n g by s tage s fro m o n e C h alcr a to an o ther
1
til l it re aches the t o p o r the cro wn whi ch i s

brain ) Th i s is accom pan ied by s pirit u al ill u

.

m i n a tio n of the h ighe s t order a cc o rdi n g t o this

s y s te m of yo ga .
 146
“

wen t re s in the s pi n al cord

,
b e s ides the l as t or

,
R oot or b asw ch ak r a

f q Sple n ic ;
‘

(2 ) m g m S w a dh i s tk a n , S plee n or
al l
3
( 1
over t h e s plee n o r a ccordi n g to s om e
o ver t h ge n it l org an e a .
o

3 f
( )m g r a M a mq:
‘

p a r a N a v a l or u m bilic a l .

A t t h e n a v al over the s ol ar plex u s .

C ardi a c
'

d h He art or ;
N e ar
‘

m m a n a ai
t .

‘
1 the he art .

Eg g Thro at l ary n ge al
'

or .

t h é sm ea t h ro at
'
‘
At r
.

'

( )
6 Aj n a , Brow fr on t al ; b e t w e e n
'

3 11 m . or ,

W
eye b rows .

(7 ) it S ah as m ra , C rown or coro n al s On
:
the top '

Of t he a d or in l arge brai n :
.

Th ere 1 s copio u s lit er at u re o n thi s s u bject .

Th e m o s t i m port an t and well kn own book i n

“
Serpe n ti n e P o w er
”
E n gli s h i s by S i r J oh n
 ( 47 )
w ritte n an in teres ti n g m on o grap h on t h e
“
s u bject ca l l ed the C h akr as Lea dbe ater fi b er
”
.
,

w as rep u ted t o be a gre at o cc u l tis t s ta tes t h at

the C h e lem s are re al l y s it u a ted i n t h e
E theric do u ble or the s u btl e b od y an d he
‘ ’

cl ai m ed th at he c o u ld see the m by h i s po wers

o f cl air v oy a n ce . I n h i s b oo k he s pe ak s of a
Ger m a n M y s tic J oh an Ge o rg e G i ch t al w h o saw
,

the C h a im as i n m edit ati o n an d des cri b ed the m

-

i n h i s boo k c alled Th eos oph a P racti ca pu b

‘ ’

l i s h e d i n 1 69 6
. I n a l a t er editi o n o f the book
prin ted i n 1 7 1 0 he g ave pict u res o f t h e C h ak ras
s howi n g the s it u atio n j u s t as de s cribed by
Le adbea ter i n h i s b oo k Le ad be a te r h o we ver
.
, ,

a d m it s th a t t here ar e n erve ple xu s es i n t h e

s pi n a l co rd corre s po n di n g t o the C h a k r as in the

E theric d o u ble or the s u btle body

‘ "
.

Ku n d alin i yog a b y Sw am i Shiv a Nan d

S a r a s w a ti of R is hike s h a l s o c o n t a i n s m u ch u s e

f u l i n for m a tio n o n the s u bject He i s al s o o f

.

op i n io n th a t the C h a k r as are i n the L i n gq

S h a r i r a (As tral b o d y ) .

P t Sat v al e k e r
. rgu e s th a t the s p in al cord
a

m ay b e c a l l ed P arvat ai r! o r fil m b ec au se it
is co n t ain ed i n the b ac k b on e w hich 1 8 c o m p
 W
( 48 )

ri s e d of It E E in is :c alled -

S n s k r it a n d fi 5 m
l
a , t {1 1 6 etc "

a,
r e n a e s : of a .
"

m o u n t ai n The s pi n e m ay al s o b e c al l ed
.
,

H i m av a t far m er (lit pbs s e s s ing s n ow ) anoth er

“ '
”

th e Hi m al aya w h ich m e an s t h e
”
‘ .

"
“
n a m e of

W
a bod e of s n ow b e c a u se it i s m ade of s nOvv
”
’

l ik e hi t e n e rv e s u b s t an ce an d i s a t t h e top
co v e re d b y t h e cerebr u m orl arge br a in hi ch ‘ ’

w
b co red to K i l h h e sn owy a bo d e
n a
y e m
p a a a s t
of S h i va 1 {un ddl i n i which i s loc at e d i n t h e
‘

s pi n e
7
i s there fore P ar u at z i s d a u g h t e r of
'

, , .

Barv a t or U m a H ai m av at i an:w a
, s? i e . .

dau gh t e r of H i m avat As t h e K u n dali ni r i se s

”

W
.

fro m o n e C ha kr a to a n oth e r th e r e is i n cr eas i n g

s pirit u a l progr es s i n the yogi he n it re ach e s .

S ak a s r a ra or t h e c ro w n th e re i s the highe s t
’
'

s pi r i t u a l ill um i n a t i on w h ich m a
y s y m bolic ally

be de s crib e d as t h e m arri age of S h iv a wi th

“ ‘

P ar v a t i s y m boli s i n g the u n io n of the yogi

’
,

wi t h K u n d ali n i force .

t ca
'

I n t h u s b e u n de rs t o od h o w I n d ra or the
m i n d h a v in b een fi r s t b e fl e d i n i t s at t e m pt to
g
"

fi n d o u t God i sat l a s t helped i n re ali s i n g H i m

,
,

by t h e awak e n i n g of Ku n dal i n i fo r c e or s pe ak ‘ ,

an
c t e a m} . T h i s a c cordi n g to P t S at v al ak ar ai s
.
the corre ct i n terpret ati o n of 2 3 i n M an tra
7 1 31 3

1 2 of S 3
. .

To thi s it m ay be fu rther a dded th at i n

P u ra n ic m y thology Shiv a i s pict u red as a y ogi
'

with a s e rpe n t i n t e r t v i n e d ro u n d h i s n eck an d

‘

with the hood of the s erpe n t coveri n g the top

of h is he ad Thi s m ay b e t ake n a s s y m boli s i n g
.

an adv an ced y ogi who s e K u n d ali n i h avi n g

been well aw aken ed h as ri s e n a b o ve the
V i s h u ddh a Giz a /er a which i s o n the n eck an d
h as re a ched the S ah as ra ra or the crow n
. . The
God Shiv a i s al s o repre s e n ted as h avi n g a third
eye i n h i s forehe ad which i s believed to be
ope n ed a t the ti m e of de s tr u ctio n of thi s world .

I t m ay be t ake n to s y m boli s e the eye of s piri

t u al wi s do m arm fi g ope n ed by a tt ai n m en t of
yog a which le ad s to M u k t i or delivera n ce from
thi s W orld .

(2) A No t e on R a j a Yo g a .

The H a th a y oga referred to i n the n ote

give n a bove pre s cribe s i t s ow n m ethod s of
ro u s i n g the Ku n da l i n i an d thereby developin g
,

a n d perfecti n g p s ychic powers a n d eve n atta i n

,

i n g M u k ti .
 ( 50 )

The R aj a yoga as t au ght i n P a t an j al i s Yog a ’

Su tr as pre s cribe s an ei gh t fo l d p a th co n s i s ti n g of
the followi n g eight s t age s fl air!

( 1 ) 2m Ya m as or five ru l es of c o n d u ct
l ati n g to s oci al d u tie s viz , .

1 Sl fé m No n -
v i o l a n ce

W
.

2 . g arTr u thfu l n e s s
3 . No n s te ali n g
4 .
w re? C h as tity or co n ti n e n ce
e

5 . s wim s No n coveto u sn e s s (Yoga II

-
30)

( )
2 Pam ! N i y a m or 5 r u le s
as of co n d u ct
rel ati n g to p ers on a l d u tie s ;
fi r P u rity of body
1l i. an d m i nd
2 g all s C o n te n t m e n t
.

3 .
s :A u s terity
q , 1 e
. . phys ic al an d m e n t al
di s ci pli n e
4 . {W
WW S elf s t u dy '

5 .
fi rs t a fa r C o m plete su rre n der to
the will of God '

.
( Yog a II 3 2)

The s e r u le s of co n d u ct are the firs t req u 1 3 1

t e s for an a s pir an t to yog a This s hows yog a .

i s n o t a s y s te m of m ere phy s ic a l a n d m e n t al
exerci s e s I t s chief ai m i s the perfecti o n of
.

p
m an or the fu ll develo m e n t of the whole m a n .
,
spirit u al as well as t h em m e n t al an d phy s ic al
" ,

which a l o n e c an le a d to Salv a tio n . .

( )
3 arm s
'

or righ t p os t u re s whi ch
A s a n as '

en a bl e an a s piran t e m s t o k e ep firm ly s eate d

“

. t ,

as lo n g a s m a
y be de s ir a b le i n m e dit a tio n ,

witho u t b e i n g di s t u rbed by phy s ic a l or m e n t a l

fa tig u e I n P a t a nj a l i s Y oga S u tra s a re a or
.
’

R igh t P a s t u re h a s be e n d efi n ed s i m ly as th a t
p
po s tu re w h ich i s s t a ble a n d co m fort a bl e
R arg s m e aq(Yog a II The books o n
H a th a y oga t e a c h a bo u t 84 ki nd s of A s a n a s o r
P o s t u re s W
hich ar e m o s tly m e an t as phy s ic a l ,
,

exerci s e s .

( )
4 runni ng P r an ay a m a exerci s e or
m e an s

co n trol of b r e a th It i s. very effic a cio u s for

‘

the co n trol of m i n d F o r m m brea th a n d n ag

.

m i n d a re i n t i m a tely r e l a ted t o e ac h other It .

.

i s a m a tt e r of co m m o n expe rie n ce how o u r

b re a t h i n g i s a ff ecte d whe n o u r m i n d i s pe r t u r
bed by a n ger fe ar etc P a ta nj a l i s Y o ga S u tr a s
, .
’

te a ch fo u r ki n d s of P r a n a ya m as (Y o g a I I 50
'

Th e y h av e to be prope rl y le ar n t an d pra cti s ed

'

u n der g u i de n ce of ate a cher .

( )
5 swam {rt P
-

r a t y a h a r a m e an s gn t ro spc c t i o n or