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General Chemistry 1 – Grade 11/12

(STEM) Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 1 – Week 5A-B: Gas Laws

First Edition, 2021

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Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 1

School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
General Chemistry 1 – Senior High School, Quarter 1, Week 5A-B
Gas Laws
Name: ___________________________________________ Section: ____________________

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS)

1. Define pressure and give the common units of pressure (STEM_GC11G-Ih-i-43);
2. Use the gas laws to determine pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas under
certain conditions of change (STEM_GC11G-Ih-i-45)

Learning Objectives:

1. Define pressure, volume, temperature and their common units.

2. Describe the different gas laws and its practical applications.
3. Solve problems involving Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Gay-Lussac’s laws and
Avogadro’s law.

Time Allotment: 2 hours

Key Concepts
Air is all around us, thus gases always involved in our daily activities, from
breathing right down to automobile tires or bicycle, balloons, and even lifeboats and
vest. Life won’t be possible without this life-sustaining gas found within the
atmosphere. The movement of the gas is in random motion because to the vast empty
space in an exceedingly certain system since the gap per particles are far greater than
the opposite two states of matter. Under some conditions of a gas sample, it maybe be
defined in terms of its variables; temperature, volume, moles, and pressure.

In the gaseous phase, molecules or the particles collide randomly against other
molecules and against its container or its system. This random collision resulted
changes in momentum which supplies thanks to the one in every of the property of
gases called pressure.
Table 1. Properties of Gases
Property Description Unit(s) of Measurement
Pressure (P) The force exerted by gas Atmosphere (atm);
against the walls of the millimeters of mercury
container (mm Hg); torr (T); pascal
(Pa)
Volume (V) The space occupied by the liter (L); milliliter (mL);
gas cubic meter (m3)
Temperature ( T ) Determine the kinetic Celsius (oC); kelvin (K) is
energy and rate of motion required in calculations
of the gas particles
Amount ( n ) The quantity of gas present Grams (g); moles (n) is
in a container required in calculations

Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag

School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph

1
 What makes pressure quantifiable? How does pressure measured and
expressed? The subsequent details are the number of the units that can be used for
pressure, temperature and volume:
Table 2. Unit Conversion
Pressure Temperature Volume
Value
( Nm-2 or kgm-3s-2) oF = 9/5 (oC) + 32 1 mL = 1 cc
1 Pa = 1 Nm-2
1 atm = 101325 Pa oC = 5/9 (oF – 32) 1 cup = 237 mL
1 mm Hg = 133. 322 Pa
1 bar = 103 Pa
K = oC + 273 1 gal = 16 cups
1 Torr = 133. 322 Pa
1 psi = 6894.76 Pa K = 5/9 ( oF – 32) + 273 1 m3 = 35.31 ft3
Pressure is one among the variables that describes the properties of gases, so in
continuation, the following topic will facilitate you how to find out the opposite variables
which are the Volume(V), Temperature (T), amount of gas in moles (n) that describes the
behavior of gases under certain condition and also the laws that governs how it behaves.
Scientist have always been inquisitive about how gases behave. And the way it’s
different compared to other states of matter. Investigations and experiments on the
behavior of gases end up in the parameters or variables that describe the properties
of gases except for pressure, and these are volume, temperature, and also the amount
of gas in moles. The link between variables is explained by Gas Laws. Additionally,
you’ll be ready to use gas laws to see pressure, volume, temperature of a gas under
certain conditions. Then, use the perfect gas equation to calculate pressure, volume,
temperature, or number of moles of a gas.
Gas Laws governs the behavior of gases and describes the link of the following
variables: Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and amount of gas. The relationship among
the variables are led and investigated by Robert Boyle, Jacques Charles, and Joseph
Louis Gay-Lussac, and therefore the laws where named after them respectively.

Boyle’s Law : Pressure and Volume Relationship

The law is known as after its proponent, who is a British
chemist, Robert Boyle.
He emphasized the law correctly and stated that “The volume of
a given amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at
constant temperature”. It means, as the volume increases, the
pressure of the gas decreases, and vice versa, provided that the
temperature remains the same. Thus, it is evident that the
relationship between the two variables, volume and pressure is FigureImage 1 . Robert Boyle
source:
inversely proportional. http://www.eoht.info/photo/10747477/
Boyle%27s+law+%28graph%29
Boyle’s Law is expressed in this mathematical equation:

In terms of proportion: V α 1 (at constant amount of gas and temperature)

P
In terms of equation: k
V = P (at constant amount of gas and temperature)

Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 2

School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
 Equation 1. Boyle’s Law

PV = k or P1V1 = P2V2

Where;
P1 = Initial pressure
V1 = Initial volume
P2 = Final pressure
V2 = Final volume

Sample Problem 1. A 2.5-L container has a gas pressure of 4.6 atm. If the volume is
decreased to 1.6 L, what will be the new pressure inside the
container?
Given: V1 = 2.5 L
V2 = 1.6 L
P1= 4.6 atm
Required: P2 = ?
Solution: P1V1 = P2V2
P1 V 1 = P2 V 2
V2 V2
P2 = P1 V 1
V2
P2 =1.6 atm (2.5 L)
1.6 L
P2 = 7.2 atm

Sample Problem 2. A gas exerts a pressure of 3 kPa on the walls of container 1.

When container 1 is emptied into a 10-liter container, the pressure
exerted by the gas increases to 6 kPa. Find the volume of container 1.
The temperature and quantity of the gas remain constant.

Given: P1 = 3 kPa
P2 = 6 kPa
V2 = 10 L
Required: V1=?
Solution: P1V1 = P2V2
P1 V 1 = P2 V 2
P1 P1

V1= (P2V2)
P1
V1= (6 kPa ) (10 L)
3 kPa
V1 = 20 L

Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 3

School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
Charles’ Law: Volume and Temperature Relationship

It is one of the gas laws and named after the French scientist
Jacques Charles who formulated the law in 1897.
This law states that “The volume of a given amount of gas is
directly proportional to its absolute temperature and constant pressure.”
It means that as the volume increases, the temperature also increases,
and vice versa, provided that the amount of gas and the pressure is
constant. The temperature should be expressed in Kelvin (K).
Figure 2. Jacques Charles
Charles’ Law is expressed in this mathematical equation: https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/224322/view/jac
ques-charles-frenchballoonist

In terms of proportion: V α T (at constant amount of gas and pressure)

In terms of equation: V = kT (at constant amount of gas and pressure)

Equation 2. Charles’ Law

V or V1 V2 or V1T2 = V2T1
=k
=
T T1 T2
Where;
V1 = Initial volume
T1 = Initial temperature
V2 = Final volume
T2 = Final temperature

Sample Problem 3. A 3.5-L flexible container holds a gas at 250 K. What will be the new
volume if the temperature is increased to 400K at constant pressure?
Given: V1 = 3.5 L
T1= 250 K
T2 = 400 K
Required: V2 = ?
Solution: V1T2 = V2T1
V 1 T2 = V 2 T1
T1 T1
V 2 = V 1 T2
T1
V2 = 3.5 L (400K)
250 K
V2 = 5.6 L
Sample Problem 4. A sample of a gas has an initial volume of 34.8 L and an initial
temperature of −67 °C. What must be the temperature of the gas for
its volume to be 25.0 L?
Given: T1 = -67 oC
V1 = 34.8 L
V2 = 25.0 L
Required: T2 = ?
Solution: : V1T2 = V2T1
V 1 T2 = V 2 T1
Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 4
School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
 T2 T2
T1= -67 oC + 273
T1= 206 K
V T
T2 = 2 1
V1

(25.0 L) (206 K)
T2 =
34.8 L
T2 = 148 K

Gay-Lussac’s Law : Pressure and Temperature Relationship

The proponent of this law is called after Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac,
who is a French chemist and physicist.
This law states that “The pressure exerted by a gas (of a given mass
and kept at a constant volume) varies directly with the absolute temperature
of the gas”. In other words, the pressure exerted by a gas is proportional
to the temperature of the gas when the mass is fixed and the volume is
constant.
The mathematical expression of Gay-Lussac’s law can be written as Figure 3. Joseph Louis
Gay-Lussac
follows: https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/G/
Gay-Lussac.html

Equation 3. Gay- Lussac’s Law

P ∝ T ; P =K or P1 P or P1T2 = P2T1
= 2
T T1 T2
Where:
P = pressure exerted by the gas
T = absolute temperature of the gas
K = constant volume
Sample Problem 5. The pressure of a gas in a cylinder when it is heated to a temperature
of 250K is 1.5 atm. What was the initial temperature of the gas if its
initial pressure was 1 atm.
Given: P1 = 1 atm
P2 = 1.5 atm
T2 = 250 K
Required: T1 = ?
Solution: P1T2 = P2T1
P1 T2 = P2 T1
P2 P2
T1 = 1 T2 )
(P
P2
T1 = (1atm) (250K)
(1.5 atm)
T1= 166.7 K
Sample Problem 6. At a temperature of 300 K, the pressure of the gas in a deodorant can
is 3 atm. Calculate the pressure of the gas when it is heated to 900 K.
Given: P1 = 3 atm
T1 = 300 K
T2 = 900 K
Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 5
School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
 Required: P2 = ?
Solution: P1T2 = P2T1
P1 T2 = P2 T1
T1 T1
P2 = (P 1 2)
T
T1
P2 = (3 atm)(900K)
300K
P2 = 9 atm

Avogadro’s Law : Volume and Amount of Gas Relationship

The proponent of this law is named after Amedeo Avogadro, who is
notable Italian mathematical physicist.
This law state that “The volume of a gas at a given temperature and
pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles contained in the volume”.
This law is based on Avogadro’s hypothesis that the same volume of two gases
at constant temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
It means as the volume increases the amount of substance or the moles also
increases, so the relationship is directly proportional. Keep in mind that a mole
is related to the quantity of molecules in a substance. Figure 4. Amedeo
Avogadro
Avogadro’s Law is expressed in this mathematical equation: https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/G/
Avogadro..html

In terms of proportion: V α n (at constant temperature and pressure)

In terms of equation: V = kn (at constant temperature and pressure)

Equation 4. Avogadro’s Law

V =k or V1
= V or V1n2 = V2n1
n n1 n2
Where;
V1 = initial volume of a gas
n1 = initial number of moles of the gas
V2 = final volume of a gas
n2 = final number of moles of the gas

Sample Problem 7. A 2.4 mol of gas occupies 60.0 L at a certain temperature. What
volume will 3.7 mol of a gas occupies?
Given: n1 = 2.4 mol
n2 = 3.7 mol
V1 = 60.0 L
Required: V2
Solution: V1n2 = V2n1
V1 n2 = V2 n1
n1 n1
V2 = V1 n2
n1
V2 = (60.0 L) (3.7 mol)
2.4 mol
V2 = 93 L
Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 6
School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
Sample Problem 8. Students went to the beach with a beach ball that is 300 mL. After
playing with the ball, air is released causing the volume of the ball to
become 270 mL containing 9 mol of gas. What was the original
amount of gas in the beach ball?
Given: V1 = 300 mL
V2 = 270 mL
n2 = 9 mol
Required: n1 = ?
Solution: V1n2 = V2n1
V1 n2 = V2 n1
V2 V2
n1 = V1 n2
V2
n1 = (300 mL)( 9 moles)
270 mL
n1 = 10 moles

Activity 1. Complete Me
Learning Objective:
Define pressure, volume, temperature and their common units.
What you need: Pen and paper

What to do:
Complete the sentence by filling in the correct word/s. Use the word bank for your
responses. Write the correct answer on separate sheet of paper.
Jacques Charles temperature Pascal
Amedeo Avogadro amount of gas Kelvin
Gay – Lussac’s Law volume Celsius
Boyle’s Law Pressure moles
Gas Law

1. ___________ states that “The pressure exerted by a gas (of a given mass and kept
at a constant volume) varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas”.
2. The proponent for the law that has volume and amount of gas relationship is
__________.
3. _________ refers to the force exerted by gas against the walls of the container.
4. The quantity of gas present in a container is known as _________.
5. ________ governs the behavior of gases and describes the link of the following
variables: Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and amount of gas.
6. ________states that “The volume of a given amount of gas is inversely proportional
to its pressure at constant temperature”.
7. ___________ determines the kinetic energy and rate of motion of the gas particle.
8. ______ is the standard unit for pressure.
9. The space occupied by the gas is determine by the property called ________.
10. The law of volume and temperature was formulated by ________ in 1897.

Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 7

School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
 Activity 2. Learning with Gas Laws

Learning Objective:
Describe the different gas laws and its practical applications.
What you need: Pen, paper
What to do:
Below are the three situations and/or applications. Describe each situation in
relation to the gas law involved. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Deep-sea fish die when they're transported from the depths to the surface of the
water. The pressure decreases extremely as they raised up, increasing the
volume of gases in their blood and swim bladder. Essentially, the fish pop.
2. Car tire pressure decreases on a cold day and increases on a hot day. If you put
too much air in your tires when they are cold, they could over-pressurize when
they heat up. Similarly, if your tires read the proper pressure when they are hot,
they will be underinflated when it’s cold.
3. In operating a car, we experience two examples of gas laws in operation. One of
these, common to everyone, is that which makes the car run, the other is,
fortunately, a less frequent phenomenon—but it can and does save lives. This is
the operation of an air bag, which, though it is partly related to laws of motion,
depends also on the behaviors explained in a gas law.
4. A soccer ball contains a bladder inside it and a rigid outer covering. When the
ball gets deflated, the bladder gets deprived of air and loses its shape, thereby
causing the ball to lose the ability to bounce. The volume of the air present
inside the bladder can be increased by forcefully pressing air into it through an
air pump. The change in volume of air is proportional to the change in the
number of air molecules possessed by it. Hence, pumping air in a soccer ball is
an explicit illustration of another gas law in real life.

Rubrics
3 - Description is scientifically consistent to the concepts, and has no misconceptions
2 – Description is scientifically consistent to the concepts, but with minimal
misconceptions
1 – Description is consistent to the concepts, but with misconceptions

Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag

School/Station: Las Nieves National High School 8
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
 Activity 3. Let’s Solve It!
Learning Objective:
Solve problems involving Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Gay-Lussac’s laws and Avogadro’s
Laws.
What you need: Pen, calculator, paper

What to do:
Calculate the pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas under certain conditions of
change. Solve the following problems by following the standard operating procedure as
shown above. Write them on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A balloon with a volume of 2.0 L is filled with a gas at 3 atmospheres. If the

pressure is reduced to 0.5 atmospheres without a change in temperature, what
would be the volume of the balloon?
2. A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 27°C room. What is the volume at
132°C?
3. An aerosol disinfectant can has a pressure of 5.0 atm at 25 °C. What is the
pressure inside the can at a temperature of 745 °C? This example illustrates why
you shouldn’t incinerate aerosol cans.
4. A balloon has been filled to a volume of 1.7 L with 0.2 mol of helium gas. If 0.4
mol of additional helium is added to the balloon while the temperature and
pressure are held constant, what is the new volume of the balloon?

Reflection

When a scuba diver took a plunge in deep ocean, the bubbles exhaled grow larger as
it reaches the surface of the ocean. How does the pressure of the ocean affects the volume
of the gas inside the bubbles? Will the amount of gas inside the bubbles changed? Why?
Rubrics
3 - Discussion explained consistent to the concepts, and has no misconceptions
2 – Discussion explained consistent to the concepts, but with minimal misconceptions
1 – Discussion is consistent to the concepts, but with misconceptions

References for learners:

Religioso, T.F., & Mendoza, E. You and the Natural World- Chemistry.
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. 2008

Nucum, Z. General Chemistry 1 for Senior High School.

C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. 2017

Department of Education Central Office. Most Essential Learning Competencies (2020)

Commission on Higher Education, General Chemistry 1: Teaching Guide for Senior High,
Manila, 2016

Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 9

School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
Image References

Figure 1. Robert Boyle. Accessed on April 2, 2021. Retrieved from:

http://www.eoht.info/photo/10747477/Boyle%27s+law+%28graph%29

Figure 2. Jacques Charles. Accessed on April 2, 2021. Retrieved from:

https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/224322/view/jacques-charles
frenchballoonist

Figure 3. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. Accessed on April 2, 2021. Retrieved from:

https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/G/Gay-Lussac.html

Figure 4. Amadeo Avogadro. Accessed on April 2, 2021. Retrieved from:

https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-avogadros-law-605825

Answer Key

Activity No. 1 Match Me

Charles Activity No. 2 Learning with Gas Laws
10. Jacques
9. volume volume if temperature and pressure remain constant.
8. pascal Avogadro’s law – doubling the quantity of a gas doubles its 4.
7. Temperature of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
6. Boyle’s law Charles’ Law – at constant pressure, the volume of a given mass 3.
5. Gas laws mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
4. Amount of gas Gay- Lussac’s Law – at constant volume, the pressure of a given 2.
3. Pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.
Avogadro Boyle’s Law – constant temperature, the volume of a given mass 1.
2. Amadeo
Law
1. Gay – Lussac’s
2. Given: V1= 900.0 mL
T1= 27 oC
Activity No. 3 Let’s Solve It! T2= 132 oC
1. Given: P1= 3 atm Required: V2=?
Solution:
V1=2.0L
P2=0.5atm T1 = 27oC + 273
Required: V2=? T1 = 300 K
Solution: T2 = 132oC + 273
V 2 = V 1 P2 T2 = 405 K
P1 V 2 = V 1 T2
T1
V2 = (3atm)(2.0L) V2 =
(900 mL) (405 K)
0.5atm 300 K

V2 =12 L V2=1215 mL

Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 10

School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph
 3. Given:T1= 25 oC
T2= 745 oC
P1= 5 atm
Required: P2=?
Solution:
T1 = 25oC + 273
T1 = 298 K
T2 = 745oC + 273
T2 = 1018 K
P2 = (P1T2)
T1
P2 = (5 atm)(1018 K)
298 K

P2 = 17.1 atm

4. Given: V1= 1.7 L

n1= 0.2 mol
n2= 0.4 mol
n2= 0.4 mol + 0.2 mol = 0.6 mol
Required: V2=?
Solution: V1n2= V2n1
V1n2 = V2n1
n1 n1
V2 = V1n2
n1
V2 = (1.7 L) (0.6 mol)
0.2 mol
V2 = 0.51 L

Author: Adelyn G. Siega - Patatag 11

School/Station: Las Nieves National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: adelyn.patatag@deped.gov.ph