PAWAN WAGH ACADEMY

MAKING MATHEMATICS SIMPLE & INTERESTING

Class 9th Science
Notes
Topic – Work and Energy

 Work :-
Work is said to be done, when a force applied on an
object caused displacement of the object.
Work = force x Displacement
 Expression for work done :-
Let F be the applied force and F1 be the component of
force in the direction of displacement (s)
Work done is given by
w = F1 x s ……. (1)
Let F be the force applied in the direction of string at an
angle (𝜃) with the horizontal
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐹1
cos 𝜃 = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐹

so, F1 = F cos 𝜃 ……. (2)

Substituting the value of F1 from equation (2) in
equation (1), we get
W = Fs cos 𝜃

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 Three Conditions :-
Three Conditions

𝜃 = 00 𝜃 = 900 𝜃 = 1800
Cos (00) = 1 Cos (900) = 1 Cos (1800) = 1
w = Fs cos 𝜃 w = Fs cos 𝜃 w = Fs cos 𝜃
= Fs cos 0 = Fs cos (900) = Fs cos (1800)
= Fs (1) = Fs (0) = Fs (-1)
W = Fs W=0 W = -Fs
1. Here the direction 1. Here no force acts 1. Here the direction
of force is along 2. In these case, the of force is
the direction of workdone by the opposite direction
displacement. force is zero (zero of displacement.
2. In thesecase, the work) 2. In these case, the
workdone by the workdone by the
force is positive force is negative
(positive work) (negative work)
 S.I unit of work and C.G.S unit of work
Work = force x displacement
In S.I. unit
1 J = 1N x 1m
In C.G.S. unit
1 erg = 1 dyne x 1 cm
Also,
1 Newton = 105 dyne
1 Joule = 107 erg

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 Energy :-
The capacity of a body to perform work is called as
Energy
S.I. unit of energy Joule
C.G.S. unit of energy is erg
 Kinetic Energy:-
The energy which an object has because of its motion,
is called as kinetic energy
 Expression for kinetic energy :-
Suppose a stationary object of mass m moves because
of an applied force. Let n be its initial velocity. Let F be the
applied force, these generates an acceleration a in the object
and after time t, the velocity of the object becomes equal to
v. The displacement during these time is‘s’
W=Fxs ……. (1)
Acc to Newton’s 2nd law of motion,
F = ma ……. (2)
Initially, u = 0
1
So, s = ut + at2
2
1
S= at2 ……. (3)
2

Substituting the value of F from equation (3) in equation (1)

1
W=Fx at2
2

Substituting the value of F from equation (2) in equation (4)

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 1
W=
2
ma2t2 …… (5)

Using Newton’s first equation of motion

v = u + at
v = 0 + at
v = at
So, v2 = a2t2 ……. (6)
Substituting the value of a2t2 from equation (6) in equation (5)
We get,
1
W= m v2 ……. (7)
2

also K.E. = W
so,
1
K.E. = mv2
2

 Potential Energy :-

The energy stored in an object because of its specific

state or position is called its potential energy
 Expression for potential energy:-
To carry an object of mass ‘m’ to a height ‘h’ above the
earth surface,
The amount of work done against the direction of
gravitational force.
Where,
W=fxd f = force
d = displacement = height above
W = mg x h earth’s surface
g = acceleration due to gravity
P.E. = W = mgh P.E. = potential energy

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 Transformation of energy

 Law of conservation of energy:-

“Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but it
can be converted from one from into another”
OR
“The total amount of energy in the universe remains
constant”

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Consider on object, falling freely from height ‘h’
Position ‘A’ Position ‘B’ Position ‘C’
1
K.E = mass xvelocity 𝑣𝐵2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠 𝑣𝑐2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
2
1 𝑣𝐵2 = 0 + 2𝑎𝑠 𝑣𝑐2 = 0 + 2𝑎𝑠
= mxu 𝑣𝑐2 = 2𝑎𝑠
2 𝑣𝐵2 = 2𝑎𝑠
1 1
K.E. = m x o K.E.
1
= m𝑣𝐵2 K.E. = m𝑣𝑐2
2 2 2
K.E. = 0 1
= x m x 2as
1
= x m x 2as
P.E. = mgh 2 2

T.E. = K.E. + P.E K.E. = mgx K.E. = mgh

= 0 + mgh P.E. = mg x ht P.E. = mg x ht
T.E. = mgh P.E. = mg x (h – x) P.E. = mg x 0
T.E. = K.E. + P.E. P.E. = 0
= mgx + mg(h – x) T.E. = K.E. + P.E
= mgx + mgh – mgx = mgh + 0
T.E. = mgh T.E = mgh
S=0 A
ht = h
u=0
x
u=0
a=g
s=x B h
h = (h – x)
vB= ?
(h – x)
s=h
ht = 0
vc= ? C
u=0
a=g

 Power :-
“The rate at which, the work is done, is called as Power”
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑤
Power = =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡
1𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒
Unit (1) 1 watt =
1𝑠𝑒𝑐

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(2) 1 horse power = 748 watt
(3) 1 kwhr = 3.6 x 106 J = 1 unit

The End

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