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4-Module 4
4-Module 4
4-Module 4
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION VIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF MAASIN CITY
I Learning Competency:
Writing and Composition:
1. Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science theories:
a. Structural-functionalism
b. Marxism
c. Symbolic Interactionism
II Instructional Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, I can:
1. Define the different concepts and principles of the three major social science theories;
2. Apply those concepts into a real-life situation and concerns by showing their skills; and
3. Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science theories.
References:
MODULE
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Science Q1-Module 4
IV Developmental Processes:
A. Activity:
1. The teacher will give an activity.
Direction: Choose three (3) disciplines of social sciences and cite the major events that occurred in
social sciences and its contributions that led to its emergence. Use a separate paper for your answer.
1. The teacher will ask about the activity.
B. Analysis:
1. Do you know what are the different concepts and principles of the three major social
science theories?
2. How can you apply those concepts into a real-life situation and concerns by showing their
skills?
3. Can you analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science theories?
C. Abstraction:
1. The teacher will discuss about “The Major Social Science Theories”
Functionalism
According to Vincent, 2001, Functionalism, also called structuralfunctional theory, sees society as
a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that
society.
Functionalist sociologists like Parsons and Durkheim have been concerned with the search for
functions that institutions may have in society.
However, another functionalist sociologist R. Merton has adopted a concept of dysfunction – this
refers to the effects of any institution which detracts from the conservation of society.
An example of a function which helps maintain society is that of the family, its function is to ensure
the continuity of society by reproducing and socializing new members.
Marxists believe that deviance is any behavior that differs from the societal norm. It is seen
as deviant because as a society, we do not accept it.
Deviance can vary from simply odd behavior to behavior that can harm society or is
considered dangerous or disrespectful.
Neo-Marxism is based on ideas initially projected by Karl Marx. Marx believed that
economic power led to political power and that this is the key to understanding societies.
Neo-Marxists believe the economic system creates a wealthy class of owners and a poor class
of workers. They also believe that certain social institutions such as churches, prisons and schools
have been created to maintain the division between the powerful and the powerless.
Symbolic Interactionism
According to Quex book, 2018, The symbolic interaction perspective, also called symbolic
interactionism, is a major framework of the sociological theory.
This perspective relies on the symbolic meaning that people develop and build upon in the
process of social interaction. Although symbolic interactionism traces its origins to Max Weber's
assertion that individuals act according to their interpretation of the meaning of their world.
A social psychological theory developed from the work of Charles Horton Cooley and
George Herbert Mead in the early part of the twentieth century (the actual name of the theory comes
from Herbert Blumer, one of Mead’s students).
According to this theory, people inhabit a world that is in large part socially construct.
The most important conceptual building block on which symbolic interactionists have based their analysis of
human conduct is the concept of the symbol, or, as Mead called it, the significant symbol.
Symbol is a vocal or other kind of gesture that has the same meaning and solicits the same reaction
between the one using it and to whom it is directed.
Conventional Signs anything associated with some other thing or event, but it is produced and
controlled by the very organisms that have learned to respond to it.
Natural Signs are those that show appropriateness with its use, that is, the sign is in its literal form.
Object is anything to which attention can be paid and towards which action can be directed.
Tangible anything that can be seen by the naked eye and can be touched (physical).
Intangible not having a physical appearance; cannot be touched or seen by the naked eye (social).
An act starts with an impulse, which occurs when people’s existing adjustment or line of activity is
disturbed.
In perception, people begin to name or designate objects. Thus, gives direction to an act.
In the manipulation stage, people take concrete steps to reach our goal.
Finally, the act ends with consummation when people’s original adjustment or line of activity is
restored.
Word Hunt!
Direction: Interpret the cartoon below showing what happened to the Philippines and how its
society was affected by the pandemic.
V. Evaluation:
1. Who viewed the structure of society in relation to its major classes and the struggle between them as
the engine of change in this structure?
2. __________ begins analytically with a conception of the social space as a field of meanings, values,
norms, statuses, and class; where status has the joint meaning of formal positions (as in authoritative
roles) and the informal statuses of wealth, power, and prestige.
3. It is a vocal or other kind of gesture that has the same meaning and solicits the same reaction
between the one using it and to whom it is directed.
4. This is a criteria to which any collectively of human grouping with a similar relationship would make
a category not a class; if subjective criteria are not included.
5. A __________ sign or symbol is anything associated with some other thing or event, but it is
produced and controlled by the very organisms that have learned to respond to it.
Submitted to:
JENNIFER C. VERGEL,EdD.
School Head