Terms:

- Title 8: Anyone who does not meet the requirements for seeking asylum will be turned

away.

- Title 42: Anyone no matter why they are coming to the U.S. can be turned away if border

patrol feels that they are unhealthy.

- H1B: Applies to employers seeking to hire nonimmigrant foreigners as workers in

specialty occupations or as fashion models of distinguished merit and ability

- H2B: Nonimmigrant program that permits employers to temporarily hire nonimmigrants

to perform nonagricultural labor or services in the United States.

- H2A- Nonimmigrant program that permits employers to temporarily hire nonimmigrants

to perform agricultural labor and services in the U.S

- Visa: Obtained before travel, a short-term permit issued for short/temporary visits

- Green Card: Obtained after arrival, a permanent residence permit that allows them to

become a U.S. citizen, (not considered a U.S. citizen yet, so they have restrictions like

not being allowed to vote)

- Citizenship: A full, permanent U.S. citizen (has all the rights of a U.S. citizen)

Border:

- Patrol Cost

- Spends 18.5 billion on immigration enforcement and border control annually

(From 2003 to 2021)

- Since 2003, when the department of homeland security was founded

- Number of Crossing:
 - Illegally: 2.76 million illegally immigrate to the U.S. (as of 2022)

- 2.4 million migrants were caught trying to cross the border (illegally)

- Legally: Roughly 1 million plus immigrants successfully crossed the border

legally (as of 2022)

- Roughly 100 million people try to cross the border legally, and only 1% (1

million) people are successful

- Deaths: 151 U.S. Customs Border Protection-related deaths occurred in the fiscal

year of 2021

What are the problems?

Health problems- This region is associated with high rates of contagious diseases
including tuberculosis, hepatitis, and HIV, as well as high rates of non-contagious
diseases and other causes of death such as cancer, diabetes, liver diseases, homicide,
and motor vehicle accidents.

As of 2021, there were approximately 94 homicides a day in Mexico. Hep A is one of the
most common contagious diseases with approximately 79% of the population having it.
With Mexico having the fourth highest amount of gang activity in any country, there are
dozens of reasons for people to want to leave. Not just Mexico, but many other central
and South American countries face an unfathomable about of gang-related crimes each
day.

Space problems- the border stretches 1,954 miles long, but there is only a 15-meter-long
iron chain fence where families are allowed to touch fingertips and communicate with
their split-up families.

More than 3,900 identified children have been separated from their parents along the
American-Mexican border in the past few years.

Time issues- Immigrants from Mexico and South America can often find themselves
stuck at the U.S. border for days at a time. Because of the overcrowded border, and
understaffed border control, it makes for an unnecessarily long process, which has led
to deaths from sickness, and other causes.

There are approximately 350 million documented crossings of the American-Mexican

border each year. That’s 950,000 people a day. Only about 60,000 people work for Border
Control, so helping everyone get to where they need to be legally is incredibly difficult.

Improper documentation

Immigrants without proper documentation are classified as “Inadmissible”. This

means that they are not eligible to be admitted into the United States. This also means
that if an immigrant who did not present proper documentation is discovered in the
United States, the government will deport them.

Around 10% of all immigrants seeking to move into America are denied citizenship each
year. This may be from improper documentation, health, or other reasons. In 2018,
Mexican immigrants received 11% fewer VISAs than the year before. Only one million
people are granted VISAs each year. This may seem like a lot, but there are tens of
millions of people attempting to immigrate.

A first-time offense of being caught crossing the border illegally is punishable by a

fine of $50-$250, imprisonment for up to six months, or both a fine and imprisonment.

This is under Title 8, which basically states that anyone who does not meet the
requirements to seek asylum or immigrate in general may be turned away.

Food and Housing

Immigrants find shelter in poverty-stricken neighborhoods and neglected buildings.
The Lower east side of New York City is the area in which the majority of immigrants
found themselves settling in.

The increased demand for cheap housing by migrants led to poorly built homes that
inadequately provided for personal hygiene.
Immigrant workers in the nineteenth century often lived in cramped housing that
regularly lacked water, ventilation, and toilets.

Immigrants are probably the most vulnerable group when it comes to housing.
That’s because they face severe challenges finding safe, decent, and affordable
housing. Many of these recently settled immigrants are jobless and can’t afford
to pay rent. These housing problems require national and local responses

United States finds that 74 percent of immigrants experienced a degree

of food insecurity, ranging from having only one meal to no food at all
for one day or longer. Factors associated with more severe food
insecurity include more days in active transit, and the experience of
illness by the migrant or their travel companion.

Around 14.6% of immigrants in America are living in poverty. Only about 19.6% of
immigrants in America have insurance. \