Saint Francis College Inc.

Bateria, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental

College Department

BASIC SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

II. Meaning Concepts, Nature and Scope

By the end of the unit/lesson, the students shall:

● Defined and differentiate management and administration.

● Explained the meaning and scope of school management &
administration, types of school management & administration,
traditional and modern concepts.
● Discussed the meaning of function, major functions of school
management & administration and other functions of administration.

INTRODUCTION

Successful operation of a school depends entirely on its administration system.

Educational managers and administrators provide instructional leadership and
manage the activities and resources in schools, colleges and universities. They are
the ones who; Set educational standards and goals, Establish the policies and
procedures required to achieve them and Support teaching and non-teaching staff.

School administrators and Managers

The school administrators and managers monitor students' educational progress,

motivate teachers and other staff. Handle relations with parents, students, and the
community. They develop the annual school calendar and they handle Resources
and supervise Projects.
What is Management?

According to Henri Fayor, "to manage is to forecast and plan, to coordinate,

and control". Van Fleet and Peterson define Management as "a set of activities
directed at the efficient utilisation of resources in pursuit of one or more goals". it is
an art of getting things done through & with the people in formally organised groups.

What is Administration?

Administration means overall determination of policies, setting of major objectives,

the identification of general purposes and laying down of programmes and projects..
Administration means guidance, leadership & control of the efforts of the groups
towards some common goals.

Differences Between Management and Administration

● Management works with and through people to accomplish organisational

goals, management is [more] concerned with directing and controlling.
● Administration establishes policies that guide decision making, laws and
regulations. Management implements the Laws and Regulations.

Similarities

Management is a subset of administration. They are not separate. Both are

concerned with achievement of organisational goals. Both Managers and
Administrators perform at different levels all management functions (Planning,
organising, directing, controlling, and staffing).

Types of Educational Administration/Management

Top 5 Major Types of Educational Management

1. Centralized and Decentralized Educational Management

● Decentralized educational management is the acknowledged kind of

educational management in today’s modern educational system among these
two types of educational management.

● Centralized educational management: All kinds of authorities and duties in

regard to educational management are vested in one hand under centralised
educational management. He or she might be a genuine or symbolic leader.
Assume that in the sphere of higher education, the Director of Higher
 Education is the true executive head, with complete control over all authorities
and responsibilities. The additional Director, Deputy Director, and Assistant
Director are the other associate officials who keep mute on the subject.

2. External and Internal Educational Management

● External Educational Management: The components, circumstances, and

supporting agencies that give chances and facilities for the seamless
management of educational programmes from an external perspective are
referred to as external management of educational programmes. External
administration of educational programmes refers to the people or components
who are indirectly involved in its management from a humanitarian standpoint.

● Internal Educational Management: Internal Educational Administration

refers to the management of any educational programme entrusted to those
who are actively and internally involved in the program’s management. It
refers to the institution’s or school’s headmaster/principal, as well as other
teaching employees, students, and non-teaching staff.

3. Democratic Educational Management

Democracy, as an accepted system, has a significant impact on the construction

of societies since it allows individuals to be placed in a subject position in life.

Furthermore, democracy aids in the transformation of ideologies in a variety of

fields, ranging from law to economics, and from government reform to everyday life.
Many cultures have adopted a democratic atmosphere as a result of this feature of
democracy.

4. Authoritarian/Autocratic Educational Management

Authoritarian/Autocratic Educational Management is a management approach

characterised by a strong central authority and a hierarchical structure. This type of
management is marked by a top-down decision-making process, with decisions
made by the central authority and imposed on lower-level staff and teachers.

In this type of management, there is limited room for creativity, innovation, or

independent decision-making, and the focus is primarily on maintaining control and
ensuring that rules and policies are followed. The central authority makes decisions
based on their own expertise and judgement, and there is little opportunity for input
or feedback from lower-level staff or other stakeholders.
 Authoritarian/Autocratic Educational Management can be effective in maintaining
order and control in educational institutions and can be useful in situations where
quick decisions and immediate action are required. However, it can also lead to low
employee morale and a lack of motivation, as well as a lack of innovation and
creativity.

5. Creative Educational Management:

Creative Educational Management is a management approach that encourages

and fosters creativity in educational institutions. This approach emphasises the use
of innovative and unconventional solutions to address challenges and improve the
educational experience for students and staff.

Creative Educational Management recognizes the importance of continuous

improvement and encourages educators and administrators to think outside the box
and explore new ideas and approaches. It also emphasises the importance of
collaboration and the involvement of all stakeholders in the decision-making process.

Major Functions of Management/Administration

POSDCORB by Luther Gulick

Luther Gulick is famously known for coining the term POSDCORB which is an
acronym for what he believed to be the functions of management. He strongly
believed that administration consisted of seven elements. He summed of these
elements in the acronym i.e. POSDCORB view which stands as follows.

P- stands for Planning which signifies working out in broad outline the things that
need to be done and methods for doing them to accomplish the purpose set for the
organisation.
O- stands for organising which signifies the establishment of formal structure of
authority through which the whole work is to be done with proper arrangement,
definition and coordination for the fulfilment of defined objectives.
S-stands for Staffing which signifies the personnel function of bringing in and training
the staff and conserving the favourable conditions of work.
D- stands for Directing which signifies the decisions making and issuing orders and
instructions and embodying them in specific and general orders and instructions and
serving as the leader of the enterprise.
Co- stands Coordinating which signifies the interrelation of the various parts of the
work.
R- stands for reporting which signifies keeping information to whom the executive is
responsible as to what is going on, and arranging for the collection of such
information through different techniques such as research, records etc.
B- stands for Budgeting which signifies the fiscal planning, accounting and control.
References

https://www.slideshare.net/FidyZegge/educational-management-and-administration-
76321277

https://www.slideshare.net/NafisaKhan2/educational-administration-and-managemen
t-235566843

https://governmentjob.pk/what-is-educational-administration-types-of-educational-ma
nagement/

ddceutkal.ac.in
https://ddceutkal.ac.in › PolscPDF
INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Prepared by: Billones, Mary Rose B.