BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Name: - Abhay Singh

Course: - MSc. Nursing
Subject: - Child Health Nursing
Topic: - Cholelithiasis
Date: - , 2021
Time: - Am
Duration: - 20 min.
Venue: - Paediatric ward
Groups of Learner: - Patient & patient’s attendant
Method of Teaching: - Lecture
A.V aids used: - Chart & flashcard
Evaluator: - Mrs. Kavita Sharma
 OBJECTIVES

General Objectives: -
At the end of the Health talk group will be able to gain knowledge about Cholelithiais & can be used in their Future.

Specific Objectives: -
At the end of the Class Presentation the group will be able to: -
 define growth and development,
 list down characteristics of growth and development,
 describe the major factor that affect growth and development,
 describe the prenatal factor,
 describe the postnatal factor.

S.No. Time Specific Content Teaching Learning A.V aids Evaluate

 Objective Activity Activity used
1. 1min. Self-Introduction: -
It’s My Honour to introduce myself in front of you. This
is Abhay Singh MSc (N) 1st year from Rohilkhand
College of Nursing, Bareilly, U.P. It is my great
opportunity to present my topic on factors affecting
growth and development.
2. 2min. Introduction to Growth and Development Lecture Listening
The term growth and development are used Cum & asking
synonymously; they have different meanings Discussio questions
biologically. Growth refers to the incremental changes in n
physical Characteristics such as height, weight, size, etc.,
while development refers to qualitative changes to
growth in an orderly and meaningful fashion which result
in maturity. Growth and development and contribute to
each other are inseparable and occur simultaneously. For
example, most babies by the time they grow up to be 8
months old, can weigh around 8 to 10kg and can sit up.

3. 3min. Define Definition of Growth and Development Lecture Listening Handout What is
Growth and Cum & asking s Growth and
Development Growth: It is the process of physical maturation Discussio questions Development
resulting an increase in size of the body and various n ?
organs. It is quantitative changes of the body which can
be measured in inches/centimeters and pounds/kg.

Development: It is the process of functional and

physiological maturation of the individual. It is
progressive increase in skill and capacity to function. It is
related to maturation and myelination of the nervous
 system.

4. 8 min. List down the List down the Characteristics of growth and Lecture Listening PPT What are the
characteristic development Cum & asking characteristics
s of growth  Growth and development is continuous & orderly Discussio questions of growth
and process with individual difference and is unique n and
development to each child. development?
 It proceeds by stages and its sequence is
predictable and same in all children but there may
be difference in time of achievement.
 There is co-ordination between increase in size
and maturation
 They proceed in cephalocaudal (i.e. from the head
down to the tail) and proximodistal (From center
or midline to periphery) direction.
 Initial mass activities and movements are replaced
by specific response or actions by the complex
process of individualized changes
 Rate of growth and development is interrelated
and rapid in infancy and in puberty but slow in
preschool and school age.
 Growth and development depend on combination
of many interdependent factors especially by
heredity and environment.

5 15 Describe the Describe the major Factor that affect growth Lecture Listening PPT & What are the
min.
major factor and development Cum & asking Chart major factor
that affect Nature and nurture both contribute to the growth and Discussio questions that affect
growth and development of children. Although what’s endowed by n growth and
nature is constant, nurture tends to make a big difference
development development
too. Here are a few factors affecting children’s g rowth
and development. ?
1. Heredity: - Transmission of physical
characteristics from parents to children through
their genes. It influences all aspects of physical
appearance such as height, weight, body structure,
the color of the eye, the texture of the hair and
even intelligence and aptitudes. Diseases and
condition such as heart disease; diabetes, obesity.
2. Environment: - The environment plays a
critical role in the development of children and it
represents the sum total of physical and
psychological stimulation the child receives.
Factor influencing early childhood development
involve the physical surroundings and
geographical conditions of the place the child
lives in, as well his social environment and
relationships with family and peers. Child with
loving family builds strong and interpersonal
skills which will enable them to excel in other
areas such as academics and extracurricular
3. Sex: - Sex of the child is the major factor
affecting the physical growth and development of
a child. Boys and girls grow in different ways,
especially at the time of puberty boys grow over
long time period while the girl mature faster
during adolescence. Boys more athletic and suited
for activities that require physical activity.
4. Exercise and health: - Exercise refers to the
normal playtime and sports activities which help
the body gain an increase in muscular strength
and put on bone mass. Proper exercise will help to
 grow properly and effectively and help to reach
milestone on time or early.
5. Hormones: - Hormones belong to the
endocrine system and influence the various
functions of our bodies. Their timely functioning
is critical for normal physical growth and
development in children. Imbalance can cause
growth defects, obesity, behavioral problems and
other diseases.
6. Nutrition: - Nutrition is critical factor which
influence growth as everything the body needs to
build and repair itself. Malnutrition can cause
deficiency disease that adversely affect growth
and development.
7. Family Influence: - Family have the most
profound impact in nurturing a child and
determining the ways in which they develop
psychologically and socially. The most positive
growth is seen when families invest time, energy
and love in development of child growth
8. Geographical Influences: - Locality where
person lives also plays major in influencing the
growth and development. Living in an enriching
community that has parks libraries and
community centers for group activities and sports
all play a role in developing the child’s skill
talents and behavior.
9. Socio-economics Status: - The socio-
economic status of a family determines the
quality of the opportunity a child gets. This will
influence by influencing other things like quality
 of schooling, quality of nutrition, hours spent with
kids.
10. Learning and Reinforcement: - Learning
involves much more than schooling. It is also
concerned with individual’s mental growth and
intellectual growth, emotional and social. So they
operate as healthy functional individuals in the
society. Lesson that were taught must be repeated
until the results is obtained. Example; Playing a
musical instrument; they get better playing it as
they practice playing the instruments.
6. 8min. Describe the Describe the Prenatal factor Lecture Listening PPT What are the
Prenatal  Maternal malnutrition: - Dietary Cum & asking Prenatal
Factor insufficiency and anemia lead to intra-uterine Discussio questions factor that
growth retardation. n affect growth
 Maternal infections: - Infection like HIV, and
HBV, STORCH, etc may transmit to the fetus
development
via placenta and affect the fetal growth.
 Maternal substance abuse: - Intake of ?
teratogenic drugs (thalidomide, phenytoin, etc)
by the pregnant women in first trimester affects
the organogenesis and lead to congenital
malformation.
 Maternal illness: - Iodine deficiency of the
mother may lead to mental retardation of the
baby in later life. Other illness include
hypertension, DM, heart disease,
hypothyroidism, anemia.
 Hormones: - Hormones like thyroxine and
insulin influence the fetal growth.
 Miscellaneous: - Various prenatal
 conditions which may also influence fetal
growth include – uterine malformations (septate
uterus, bicornuate uterus) malposition of the
fetus.

7. 8min. Describe the Describe the Postnatal Factors Lecture Listening PPT What are the
Postnatal  Growth Potential: - Growth potential is Cum & asking postnatal
Factors indicated by the child’s size at birth. LBW Discussio questions factor that
babies have various complications in later life n affect growth
which retard child’s growth.
and
 Nutrition: - Balanced amount of essentials development
nutrients have great significant role in growth
and development of children. Both macro and ?
micro nutrients play separate role in growth &
development.
 Childhood illness: - Congenital heart
disease, rheumatic heart disease, tuberculosis,
asthma, nephrotic syndromes, liver cirrhosis,
malignancy generally lead to growth and
impairment.
 Physical Environment: - Housing, living
condition, safety measures, environmental
sanitation, sunshine, ventilation and fresh air,
hygiene, safe water supply, etc. are having
direct influence on child’s growth and
development.
 Psychological environment: - Healthy
family, good parent child relationship and
healthy interaction with other family members,
neighbors, friends, etc. are important factors for
promoting emotional social and intellectual
 development.
 Cultural Influences: - Growth and
development of an individual child are
influenced by the culture in which he or she is
growing up. The childrearing practices, food
habit, traditional beliefs, social taboos, attitude
towards health, standard of living, education
level, etc influences child’s growth and
development.
 Socio-economic status: - Poor socio-
economic groups may have less favorable
environment for growth & development than
the middle and upper class.
 Climate and season: - Climatic variation
and seasonal changes influences the child
health. Weighs gains is greatest in late summer,
rainy season and autumn. Maximum gains in
height among children occur in spring.
 Summary

In today’s class we have seen definition of Growth and Development, list down the characteristics of growth and
development, describe the major factor that affect growth and development, describe the Prenatal factor & describe the
postnatal factor.
 Conclusion
The term growth and development are used synonymously; they have different meanings biologically. Growth refers to the incremental
changes in physical Characteristics such as height, weight, size, etc., while development refers to qualitative changes to growth in an
orderly and meaningful fashion which result in maturity. Growth and development and contribute to each other are inseparable and occur
simultaneously. For example, most babies by the time they grow up to be 8 months old, can weigh around 8 to 10kg and can sit up.
Characteristics of growth and development are; Growth and development is continuous & orderly process with individual difference and
is unique to each child, it proceeds by stages and its sequence is predictable and same in all children but there may be difference in time
of achievement, there is co-ordination between increase in size and maturation. Major factor that affect growth and development are
heredity, environment, sex, exercise and health, hormones, nutrition, family influence. Prenatal factor that affect growth and development
maternal nutrition, maternal infection, maternal illness. Postnatal factor that affect growth and development are growth potential,
nutrition, childhood illness, cultural influence, socio-economic status.
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 Datta Parul, Paediatrics Nursing Second edition,2009, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, Pp: 116,117,118,119.
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