ISTE NATIONAL ANNUAL STUDENTS CONVENTION AND ISTE STATE ANNUAL FACULTY 23rd CONVENTION

Smart Stick for Blind Person using AI

and Signal Indicator.

1st Dinesh Mahadane 2nd Nishita Prajapat 3rd Shamal Dhamal

Membership ID :- MH290-000026
Electrical Engineering Student
Guru Gobind Singh College
of Engineering and Research
Centre,
Nashik, Maharashtra,
INDIA -422010
dinesmahadane68@gmail.com
Membership ID :- Applied for membership
Electrical Engineering Student
Guru Gobind Singh College of
Engineering and Research
Centre,
Nashik, Maharashtra,
INDIA -422010
prajapatnishita668@668gmail.com
Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Dept.
Guru Gobind Singh College of
Engineering and Research
Centre,
Nashik, Maharashtra,
INDIA -422010
shamal.dhamal@ggsf.edu.in

Abstract: - Science and Technology is Intelligence. In this there are various

always trying to make human’s life easier
day by day. Without human guidance, it is
a challenging part to the blind person to
continue his/ her regular life. The
traditional guidance tool for the blind
people is walking cane or white cane. This
paper is proposed to design the various
smart devices such as: -
 Smart wearable band.
 Smart wearable Cap with
Headphone or Earphones.
 Smart wearable gloves.
 Smart Blind stick with navigation
system and the signal indicator.
This system is developed so that it will help
the especially abled persons to perform
their tasks independently without taking
anyone’s help. This project is helpful to
give the “Secondary Sight” or to make the
blind and deaf person a “smart person”.
This paper focuses on building smart stick,
cap, wrist band & gloves using Artificial
functions of all the devices such as a smart
blind stick with navigation stick and signal
indicator; it will help the blind person to
give him a proper guidance to reach his
place. Also, this paper focuses on one more
parameter that is; crossing the road of an
especially abled person according to traffic
signal by sending him the vibration signals.
Five sensors are provided for the same out
of which 2 sensors are used for signal
indicators. We have used espeak for the
instruction purpose in this.
Keywords: - Artificial Intelligence, safety
guard, blind person, Navigation, eSpeak,
sensors.
I. Problem statements
There are over 1 billion people who
are estimated to experience disability. This
is corresponding to about 15% of the
world's population. Disability is a major
human rights issue, with people with
disability that is being subject to many
ISTE NATIONAL ANNUAL STUDENTS CONVENTION AND ISTE STATE ANNUAL FACULTY 23rd CONVENTION

multiple violations of their rights, including 2) To overcome the Smart stick, we are
some acts of violence, abuse, prejudice and going to use new technologies that is smart
disrespect because of their disability. The cap which will also have the navigation
reality is that few of countries is only system, vibrator, sensors in it.
providing adequate & quality services for
3) To overcome the Smart Cap, we are
people with disability. The AI is trying day
going to use new technologies that is smart
by day to make the life easier for them by
gloves which will also have the navigation
inventing new technologies. There are
system, sensors, vibrator and headphone or
some problems statements related to this
earphone for instruction purpose.
system which is been discussed below: -
4) To overcome the Smart gloves, we are
1) Walking cane or white cane can has been
going to use new technologies that is smart
converted to the smart stick and now we are
bands which will also have the navigation
implementing the new technologies in that
system, vibrator, sensors in it.
is smart stick with navigation system and
signal indicator.
5) Charging is the main key point of this II. Literature Survey:
device but we always charge a device by the
Visually defied people have a fixed
charger but in this device, we are going to
routes that are significant in their daily
implement the solar charging system there
lives. This situation results in many their
will be no issue of charging the battery.
routine work, lives, activities, and so on.
This can be an easy way for them so they
The successful and widely used travel aid
don’t want to charge the device always, and
for the blind people is the long cane. It is
they will be free from the issue of charging
used to detect obstacles which are on the
issues.
ground, uneven surface, hole, steps and
These new technologies can help all the puddles. However, its range of detection is
disabilities people, future this system is limited and it is only used to detect object
having new variation of technologies in it which is near to the person. Moreover,
such as a signal indicator. There is an white cane is not capable to giving the safe
advantage of solar charging so there will be street crossing environment in the road. [4]
no issue of charging the battery of this
To overcome this, we are presenting the
device. This device can be easy to carry
various devices which are as follow: -
anywhere and it is light in weight also. It
has an advantage of cost effectiveness with
so many new features in it.
Smart Stick with navigation system and The other devices are using till now date to
signal indicator. [4] order to help the blind person normally
using the audio alarm in it to notify them
Smart Gloves with navigation system and
there is obstacle present. The main
signal indicator. [1]
drawback of this electronic device is to
Smart Cap with navigation system and listen the audio alarm in a noisy area or
signal indicator using headphone and busy street. [4]
earphones. [2]
Smart wrist band with navigation system
and signal indicator. [4]
ISTE NATIONAL ANNUAL STUDENTS CONVENTION AND ISTE STATE ANNUAL FACULTY 23rd CONVENTION
III. Methodology:
The methodology of the project is given as
below, with the hardware descriptions.
1. Arduino NANO Board: - The Arduino
Nano is a very small and it is a breadboard
friendly board that is based on the
ATmega328P.
It is more less to the similar functionality of
the Arduino Due Milanovic, but it has a
various package.
It lacks in a DC power jack, and it works
with a mini-B USB cable instead of a
standard one which is C type USB cable.
Features of the Arduino Nano Board: -
 It Has ATmega328P
Microcontroller is from 8-bit AVR
family.
 It Has Operating voltage is 5V.
 It Has Input voltage (Vin) is 7V to
12V.
 It Has Input/Output Pins are 22.
 It Has Analog i/p pins are 6 from A0
to A5.
 It Has Digital pins are 14.
 It Has Power consumption is 19
mA.
 It Has I/O pins DC Current is 40
mA.
 It Has a Flash memory is 32 KB.
 It Has a SRAM is 2 KB.
 It Has a EEPROM is 1 KB.
 It Has a CLK speed is 16 MHz
 Its Weight-7g.
 It Has Size of the printed circuit
board is 18 X 45mm.
2. Ultrasonic Sensor: - Ultrasonic level
sensors are used to measure the distance by
using ultrasonic waves. This sensor
receives the ultrasonic wave and emits the
wave that are reflected back from the target.
The Ultrasonic level sensors is used to
measure the distance from target by
calculating the time between the reaction
and emission.
The ultrasonic sensor consists of a
transmitter and receiver which are available
as separate unit embedded together in a
single unit. The below image shows the
ultrasonic transmitter and receiver.
3. Vibrator motor: - This is a tiny motor
which produces vibrations by spinning an
eccentric shaft at over 900 RPM when
power is at 1.5V. This is intended for the
operation around 1.5V, and this polarity is
not important, that is the motor can run CW
or CCW. The main purpose of this vibrator
motor is to alerts the user from receiver the
call by without sound and vibrating. These
motors are applicable for the different
categories like pager, handsets, cell phones,
Bluetooth etc.
4. IR Sensor: - The passive infrared sensor
is an electronic sensor. It measures infrared
radiating light from objects in its field of
view. IR Sensor is used to measure the heat
ISTE NATIONAL ANNUAL STUDENTS CONVENTION AND ISTE STATE ANNUAL FACULTY 23rd CONVENTION
of an object and to detect the motion. It is
also used for detection of water in the path
or street.
5. Water Sensor: -The water sensor is an
easy-to-use tool for detecting the water.
6. Solar panel: - The solar panel is used of
charging the battery.
IV. Working principle:
The main problem of the blind
person is that they cannot detect the
direction and height of any obstacle. To
overcome this problem our various devices
will help them to guide. The user has
various device such as smart stick with
navigation system and signal indicator,
smart Cap using navigation system and
signal indicator by using headphone or
earphones smart Gloves and smart wrist
band. In the both hand we will use two
bands so, if the vibrator of the left wrist is
vibrating than there is the obstacle in left
side and if the right wrist is vibrating then
the obstacle is in right side. If the user feels
that there is a vibration in both hand than
the obstacle is in front or back it will detect
by the sensors. To detect the height and
distance of the object the users have to use
their instincts, which acts like if the object
is on the floor at the height or distance then
the wrist vibration will increase
continuously as person approach to that
object nearby. If the object is at the
sufficient distance and the height is lower
than the wrist than moving toward the
object will decrease or stop the vibration
because that object will be gone out of the
IR field. For the moving obstacle we have
used the same theory. If there is a
continuous wall in front of the user that can
be also easily detected by moving the hand
wrist band along the obstacle. By
remembering this theory our user can use
this device even in the unknown place also.
Figure: -Block Diagram for detecting
the obstacle.
Block diagram shows, when the device is
‘ON’, then the beam of infrared light is
transmitted by the IR transmitter. If any
obstacle is obstructed then the light beam
portion of the light will reflect back to the
device. When the person is closer the
obstacle the more, we will get reflected
light and the vibration of motor will be
more. Then the reflected light is then fed to
the receiver. Then the receiver module
consists of a photodiode and a resistor.
Then receiver voltage is sent to the voltage
follower. And it is used so that the received
signal doesn’t get changed. The signal is
then fed to the non – inverting input of the
differential amplifier (+input). The inverter
ISTE NATIONAL ANNUAL STUDENTS CONVENTION AND ISTE STATE ANNUAL FACULTY 23rd CONVENTION
input is then connected to a potentiometer
and a 9v source. By varying the pot, and we
can change the reference voltage.
V. Future scope :
The future scope of the existing smart stick,
guides the visually impaired person in his
navigation independently in an efficient
manner ensuring the person’s safety the
device, which has increment in it by
building the new technologies.
VI. Conclusion :
The Blind Walking Stick, caps,
wrist band, and gloves on which we are
working and it will be available soon in the
market which can be used to guide the
blind. Our aim is to solve the problem that
are faced by them in day-to-day life. This
system also ensures their safety. These
devices will make them so easy to walk
everywhere they want by the help of the
navigation system and signal indicator.
This device also helps them to move in
front very easily.
 References:
1) Nishajith.A. Nivedha.J, Shilpa.S. Nair,
Prof.Mohammed Shaffi.J “Smart Cap –
wearable visual guidance system for blind”
International Conference on Inventive
Research in Computing Applications
(ICIRCA 2018).
2) L. Sarojinia1, I. Anburajb, r. Aravind, m.
Karthikeyand and k. Gayathrie “Smart
electronic gadget for visually impaired
people” Indian j.sci.res. 14 (1): 348-352,
2017.
3) Furui, S., Kikuchi, T., Shinnaka, Y., &
Hori, C. (2004). “Speech-to-text and
speech-to-speech summarization of
spontaneous speech”. IEEE Transactions
on Speech and Audio Processing, 12(4),
401-408.
4) Gharieb, W., & Nagib, G. (2016).
“Smart Cane for Blinds”. In Proc. 9th Int.
Conf. on AI Applications (pp. 253-262).
5) WHO,” Universal eye health: a global
action plan 2014-2019”, ISBNNo: 978
9241506564.
6) Nada, Ayat & Mashali, Samia & Fakhr,
Mahmoud & Seddik, Ahmed. (2015).
“Effective Fast Response Smart Stick for
Blind People”. 10.15224/978-1-63248-
043-9-29.