CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
 This chapter presents the background and the rationale, the problem statement, the
study’s significance, preferred scope and delimitation, and the definition of selected
terms and context.
I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Welding is a hazardous profession with a multiplicity of factors that can
endanger the health of a welder, such as heat, burns, radiation (ultraviolet, visible
and infrared), noise, fumes, gases, electrocution; uncomfortable postures
involved in the work; high variability in the chemical composition of welding
fumes, which differs according to the workpiece, method employed and
surrounding environment and the routes through which these harmful agents
enter the body. Some of the effects of welding on health include photo keratitis or
arc eye, metal fume fever, decrease in lung function, pneumoconiosis, asthma,
photo dermatitis and fertility abnormalities.
  Hazards arising from workplaces could impair the health and well-being of
the workers; therefore, it is necessary to anticipate, recognize, evaluate and
control such hazards. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) at all
times is a good and safe practice by welders to protect from exposure to hazards
and injuries during welding or cutting.
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is not an old science; however,the
working conditions for workers in general and welders in particular are
unsatisfactory in Nepal. The fact that there is low awareness of safety measures
and low frequency of their regular utilization is a matter of concern. This may be
due to various reasons like low level of education, lack of institutional training,
age group structure and work experience along with non-adaptation of regulatory
measures by concerned authorities for safety precautions. Welders in our study
area do not have organized occupational health services, and to make matters
worse, there is a lack of awareness regarding the importance of occupational
safety at the workplace. The literature search showed that studies in Nepal have
not tried to find out about the awareness of protective measures and the factors
which facilitate their use. Thus, the current study was designed to assess
awareness of occupational hazards and protective measures among welders
working in three districts of eastern Nepal. We also tried to find the factors
associated with awareness of occupational hazards and protective measures and
the use of protective measures, and the possible relationship between
awareness and actual use of PPE. This study was envisioned to highlight the
need for research in the area of occupational health which is a neglected issue in
our country. Awareness of occupational hazards and use of safety measures
among welders: a cross-sectional study from eastern Nepal.
Arc welding have been used since 1940s, and it is the most common
welding method that been used in industry. The way the arc welding function is
by creating an electric arc between an electrode and the base material using a
welding power supply. Arc welding capable of using either AC (alternative
current) or DC (direct current) current supply depend on types of material to
weld. The preferred welding processes for aluminum alloys are frequently gas
metal arc welding(GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) due to their
comparatively easier applicability and better economy (Malarvizhi, 2010).

II STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 The study aims to know the compliance of grade 12 students inobserving safety in the
work area.1 What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:a.
 
Age;b.
 
Gender;c.
 
Socio-Economies Status; and NII Qualification2 what is the level of familiarity of
students in using different safetyequipment
3 what is the level of compliance of students in using safetyequipment?4
what are problems in sulotions in the compliance of using safetyequipment?
III SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
 The research considers this study significant because the datacan provide information
about the compliance of grade 12 TVL SMAWstudents in observing safety in the work
area
MANGALDAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 – 
 
 The findings of the study willserve as a basis to strengthen the program of the agency
regarding to
COMPLIANCE OF GRADE 12 TVL SMAW STUDENTS OBSERVINGSAFETY INWORK AREA
 This will help students to be sure of what theywant to become in the future.
TEACHERS-STUDENTS-PARENTS-
ADMINISTRATION ANDFACULTY-IV SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
 This study focused on compliance of grade 12 SMAW students inobserving safety in
the work area. The researchers conducted a presurvey to identify the participants of the
study. Although the profile ofthe participants in the work area will be determined by the
researcher.Since the focus in only the compliance of SMAW students about thesafety in
the work area the personal identification will not be mentioned
on any part of the research.A total of 76 smaw students 0r 100% of total
population in grade12served as the respondent of study. Survey quantitative type
of researchwas employed and survey questionnaire was the main instrument
usedin gathering the data. The study was conducted from June to
September2018,S.Y.2018-2019.
V DEFINITION OF TERMS
Following were terminologies used in the study together with their
respectivedefinition as used in the study to provide clarity and better understanding.
 The following terms were operationally defined by the researchers:
SMAW
 –
 this refers to a shielded metal arc welding. A major subject of grade 12 SMAWstudents.
EMPLOYMENT-
This refers to applying and getting hired and becoming an employee toa certain
company or business estasblishment
UNDECIDED-
This refers to SMAW students batch 2018-2019 who are unsure onwhere go to after
graduating from high school.
SAFETY-
the condition of being safe from undergoing or causing hurt, injury, orloss
 
CHAPTER 2REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 This chapter explains related articles and published andunpublished studies from
different media that served as basis indeveloping concrete understanding of the nature
of the researchconducted.
PROFILE OF RESPONDENT1
Profile of Respondents
In social sciences research personnel characteristics of respondents
haveVery significant role to play in expressing and giving the responses about
theProblem keeping this in mind, in this study a set of personal characteristicsnamely ,
age, sex, education, occupation, income etc of the 264 respondents
havebeen examined and presented in this chapter
2 Level of familiarity in using safety equipment
Workplaces are responsible for providing their employees with the proper types
ofpersonal protective equipment based on the specific hazards that exist in
thefacility.there are many types of PPE available to keep people safe.the following
aresome categories of personal protective equipment and the options within them.
3 Level of compliance in using safety equipment
Most business owners recognize that a good safety record is an excellent asset
for acompany to have not only is there a moral obligation insure that operational
activitiesare conducted in a safe manner it is also a legal requirement. In addition,
safety at workcan affect the ability to attract new clients and retain existing ones . a
good safetyrecord can be one of the deciding factors which prompt customers to opt for
yourgoods. Or services rather than those of your competitors
I THEME 1 (based on SOP 1)
 The study aims to know the compliance of grade 12 students inobserving safety in the
work area.1 What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:a.
 
Age;b.
 
Gender;c.
 
Socio-Economies Status; and NII Qualification2 what is the level of familiarity of
students in using different safetyequipment3 what is the level of compliance of students
in using safetyequipment?4 what are problems in sulotions in the compliance of using
safetyequipment?
II THEME 2 (based on SOP 2)
At the last paragraph of all themes, include your synthesis,describing the use/effect of
the articles and studies presented in yourown study.
III THEME 3 (based on SOP 3)

CHAPTER 3METHODOLOGY
 This chapter presents the research method used, the sources ofdata, instruments and
data collection and the tools for the analysis ofdata gathered.
I RESEARCH DESIGN
 The study will utilize descriptive-quantitative research
design. This paragraph should discuss the nature of descriptive researchbased on
authors.Next paragraphs (2-3 paragraphs) should present literaturesdiscussing the
nature of quantitative research. The last paragraph should state in 1-
2 sentences the sources ofdata, instruments and data analysis tools.
SOURCES OF DATA
 The first paragraph should describe the number of the respondentsand how did your
undertake the process of random sampling.
Secondary sources, on the other hand, include
III INSTRUMENTS AND DATA COLLECTION
 The following tools were used by the researchers to gather relevantdata for the study.
Survey Questionnaire.
 First paragraph is the definition of
theinstrument. The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers usedthe
instrument in gathering data.
Instrument 2.
 First paragraph is the definition of the
instrument. The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers usedthe
instrument in gathering data.
Library and Internet Research.
 First paragraph is the definition of the
instrument. The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers usedthe
instrument in gathering data
IV TOOLS FOR DATA ANALYSIS
 The researchers have used different tools in analyzing gathered data. These include:
Tool 1.
 First paragraph is the definition of the
tool. The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers usedthe tool in data
analysis.
Tool 2.
 First paragraph is the definition of the
tool. The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers usedthe tool in data
analysis.
Tool 3.
 First paragraph is the definition of the
tool. The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers usedthe tool in data
analysis